User:Mhatopzz/State of East Indonesia
State of the Great East (24–27 December 1946) Negara Timur Raya State of East Indonesia (27 December 1946–17 August 1950) Negara Indonesia Timur Oost-Indonesië | |||||||||
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| 1946–1950 | |||||||||
 Coat of Arms
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 Location of East Indonesia within the United States of Indonesia | |||||||||
| Status | Dutch-sponsored state (1946–1948) Constituent state of the United States of Indonesia (1949–1950) | ||||||||
| Capital | Makassar | ||||||||
| Government | Parliamentary Republic | ||||||||
| President | |||||||||
• 1946–1950 | Tjokorda Gde Raka Soekawati | ||||||||
| Prime Minister | |||||||||
• 1946 | Nadjamuddin Daeng Malewa (First) | ||||||||
• 1950 | Martinus Putuhena (Last) | ||||||||
| Legislature | |||||||||
| Provisional Senate | |||||||||
| Provisional Representative Body | |||||||||
| Historical era | Aftermath of World War II Indonesian National Revolution | ||||||||
| 24 December 1946 | |||||||||
• Part of the United States of Indonesia | 27 December 1949 | ||||||||
| 5–21 April 1950 | |||||||||
• Joined Indonesia | 17 August 1950 | ||||||||
| Area | |||||||||
| 1946 | 349,088 km2 (134,784 sq mi) | ||||||||
| Population | |||||||||
• 1946 | 10,290,000 | ||||||||
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| Today part of | Indonesia | ||||||||
The State of East Indonesia (Indonesian: Negara Indonesia Timur, old spelling: Negara Indonesia Timoer, Dutch: Oost-Indonesië) was a post–World War II state formed in the eastern half of Dutch East Indies by the Netherlands. Established in December 1946, it became part of the United States of Indonesia in 1949 at the end of the Indonesian National Revolution, and was dissolved in 1950 with the end of the USI. It comprised all the islands to the east of Borneo (Celebes and the Moluccas, with their offshore islands) and of Java (Bali and the Lesser Sunda Islands).
Etymology
[edit]History
[edit]Independence
[edit]Admission to the United States of Indonesia
[edit]Makassar rebellion
[edit]{{Main|
Dissolution
[edit]Government
[edit]Constitution
[edit]Executive
[edit]Cabinet
[edit]Parliament
[edit]Military
[edit]Foreign relations
[edit]Administrative division
[edit]The State of East Indonesia was initially divided into five residencies of the Great East which were in turn divided into districts (afdeling) and subdistricts (onderafdeling), an administrative structure inherited from the Dutch.[1] Within the residencies were 13 autonomous regions.[2] These regions, listed in Article 14 of the Regulations for the Formation of the State of East Indonesia (Peratoeran Pembentoekan Negara Indonesia Timoer), were South Celebes, Minahasa, Sangihe and Talaud, North Celebes, Central Celebes, Bali, Lombok, Sumbawa, Flores, Sumba, Timor and surrounding islands, South Moluccas, and North Moluccas.[2]
The residencies were to be eliminated after the construction of functioning administration in the 13 regions.[2] Complicating this structure was the fact that:
More than 75% of the State of East Indonesia comprised autonomous regions, in total 115 autonomous regional governments under the rule of rajas (swaprajas). The position of these autonomous governmental heads was regulated by what were called korte verklaring (short-term declarations) and lange kontrakten (long-term contracts); these were actually intended as a recognition by the Dutch Indies Government of the special position of the rajas, whose power to govern the autonomous regions was handed down from one generation to the next.[3]
The Autonomous Region Regulation of 1938 gave the swaprajas wide de jure autonomy but most of the rajas were puppets of Dutch administrators.[3] The State of East Indonesia sought to curtail the power of these raja-ruled regions, but the Regulations for the Formation of the State of East Indonesia obliged the state to recognise their special status.[4]
The remaining area of the state not part of the swaprajas comprised directly governed regions (rechtstreeks bestuurd gebied).[5] Directly governed areas included Minahasa, the South Moluccas, Gorontalo, the districts of Macassar and Bonthain, and Lombok.[5]
Residencies and autonomous regions
[edit]
The following were the residencies and their autonomous regions.[2]
| Residencies under
Dutch East Indies |
Autonomous regions to be created
under East Indonesia |
|---|---|
| North Celebes (Soelawesi Oetara) | North Celebes |
| Central Celebes | |
| Minahasa | |
| Sangihe and Talaud | |
| South Celebes (Soelawesi Selatan) | South Celebes |
| Bali and Lombok | Bali |
| Lombok | |
| The Moluccas (Maloekoe) | North Moluccas |
| South Moluccas | |
| Timor | Timor and surroundings |
| Flores | |
| Sumbawa | |
| Sumba |
See also
[edit]Demographics
[edit]Notes
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Anak Agung 1995, p. 147.
- ^ a b c d Anak Agung 1995, p. 180.
- ^ a b Anak Agung 1995, p. 121.
- ^ Anak Agung 1995, p. 166.
- ^ a b Anak Agung 1995, p. 181.
Sources
[edit]- Ide Anak Agung Gde Agung (1996) [1995]. From the Formation of the State of East Indonesia Towards the Establishment of the United States of Indonesia. Translated by Owens, Linda. Yayasan Obor. ISBN 979-461-216-2.
- Bastiaans, W.Ch.J. (1950). Personalia van Staatkundige Eenheden (Regering en Volksvertegenwoordiging) in Indonesie. Djakarta: Kementerian Penerangan.
- Cribb, Robert (2000). Historical Atlas of Indonesia. Curzon Press. ISBN 0-7007-0985-1.
- de Jong, Christiaan G.F. (1994), "Religion and state in Negara Indonesia Timur. The question of religion in the Parliament of the State of East Indonesia in 1949, illustrated by the situation on Bali" (PDF), Documentatieblad voor de Geschiedenis van de Nederlandse Zending en Overzeese Kerken (Journal for the History of Dutch Mission and Overseas Churches, 1/2, translated by Daalder-Broekman, Truus
- Kahin, George McTurnan (1952), Nationalism and Revolution in Indonesia, Cornell University Press
- Putra Agung. "Yayasan Masyarakat Sejarawan Indonesia". Jurnal sejarah: pemikiran, rekonstruksi, persepsi. 13 (2007) ISSN 1858-2117. (in Indonesian)
- Reid, Anthony J.S (1974), The Indonesian National Revolution, 1945 1950, Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia: Longman, ISBN 0-582-71047-2
- Ricklefs, M.C. (2001) [1981]. A History of Modern Indonesia Since c.1300 (3rd ed.). Palgrave. ISBN 978-0-230-54685-1.
- Schiller, A. Arthur (1955). The Formation of Federal Indonesia. W. van Hoeve Ltd.
- Wehl, David (1948). The Birth of Indonesia. London: George Allen & Unwin Ltd.