User:Mcintee/Transneuronal Degeneration
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Wikipedia Proposal: Transneuronal Degeneration
Presented by: Alexander Layton, Margaret McIntee, and Kayla Morse
Main Points
[edit]General Definition
[edit]Transneuronal degeneration is atrophy of certain neurons after interruption of afferent axons or death of other neurons to which they send their efferent output.
Effects
[edit]- Cells shrink
- Cytoplasm increases in electron density
- Nucleic acid material is reorganized
- Membrane bound systems swell
- Nucleolus also gets replaced with a large homogenous cluster of electron dense material
- Astrocytes and microglia digest dying neurons that experience transneuronal degeneration through phagocytosis
Causes
[edit]- Results from interruption of afferent axons
- Cut off from sending information to postsynaptic cells
- Cell removal
- Cell death or damage (like in excitotoxicity)
- Respiratory chain-deficient neurons
- Have adverse effect on normal adjacent neurons and induce trans-neuronal degeneration
- This lead to some neuron death
Types
[edit]- Orthograde transneuronal degeneration
- Neuronal degeneration cause by loss of inputs
- also called trans-synaptic degeneration
- Retrograde transneuronal degenertaion
- Neuronal degeneration cause by loss of trophic support for the target
Associate Diseases
[edit]- Huntington's disease
- Multiple system atrophies
- Alzheimer’s disease
Current and Future Research
[edit]- Macaque monkey enucleation of the eye
- Rat olfactory bulb removal
References
[edit]- Transneuronal Degeneration. (2007). Dorland's Medical Dictionary for Health Consumers.
- Pinching, A.J., and Powell, T.P. (1971). Ultrastructural features of transneuronal cell degeneration in the olfactory system. J. Cell. Sci. 8, 253-287. PMID 4101588
- Heimer, L., and Kalil, R. (1978). Rapid transneuronal degeneration and death of cortical neurons following removal of the olfactory bulb in adult rats. J. Comp. Neurol. 178, 559-609. PMID 649783
- Dufour, E., Terzioglu, M., Sterky, F.H., Sorensen, L., Galter, D., Olson, L., Wilbertz, J., and Larsson, N.G. (2008). Age-associated mosaic respiratory chain deficiency causes trans-neuronal degeneration. Hum. Mol. Genet. 17, 1418-1426. PMID 18245781
- Stefanis, L., and Burke, R.E. (1996). Transneuronal degeneration in substantia nigra pars reticulata following striatal excitotoxic injury in adult rat: time-course, distribution, and morphology of cell death. Neuroscience 74, 997-1008. PMID 8895868
- MATTHEWS, M.R. (1964). Further Observations on Transneuronal Degeneration in the Lateral Geniculate Nucleus of the Macaque Monkey. J. Anat. 98, 255-263. PMID 14157007
- Su, J.H., Deng, G., and Cotman, C.W. (1997). Transneuronal degeneration in the spread of Alzheimer's disease pathology: immunohistochemical evidence for the transmission of tau hyperphosphorylation. Neurobiol. Dis. 4, 365-375. PMID 9440125
- Corwin, J. (July 31, 2007). Trauma and Regeneration. Neuroscience, 3rd edition 527
- Cowey, A., Alexander, I., and Stoerig, P. (2011). Transneuronal retrograde degeneration of retinal ganglion cells and optic tract in hemianopic monkeys and humans. Brain 134, 2149-2157. PMID 21705429
Division of Workload
[edit]We have decided to meet once a week so that we can go over each other's work, discuss individual research findings, and make a cohesive article. The workload will be divided up by subtopic and each person will be assigned one or two subtopics depending on length.