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User:Mathglot/sandbox/French law references

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This is a supplementary page containing a collection of French law references aimed at editors writing articles related to French law. It may be used in combination with the article skeleton at User:Mathglot/sandbox/French law stub.

Quickstart

[edit]

If you already know the topic generally, here are some quick copy-paste models you can use: 

  {{sfn|MDLJ-Lexique|2008|loc=[http://www.justice.gouv.fr/mots-cles/mc_x.html X]}}
  {{sfn|Justice-Lexique|loc=[https://www.justice.fr/lexique/letter_z#Zebre Z]}}}}
  {{sfn|Elliott|2001|p=23X}}
  {{cite Legifrance|base=CPP|number=62-2|text=CPP art. 62-2}}
  {{sfn|Linguee|2023|loc=[https://www.linguee.fr/francais-anglais/search?source=auto&query=WORD]}}
  {{sfn|Doucet|2019|loc=[http://ledroitcriminel.fr/dictionnaire/lettre_o/lettre_ordre.htm Ord]}}
  {{sfn|Bridge|1994|p=}}    e.g.,  https://books.google.com/books?id=rQAKtn-XjzIC&pg=PA177
  {{sfn|CNRTL|2012|loc=[https://www.cnrtl.fr/definition/$1 $1]}}
  A-Z list of Dalloz fiches: https://www.dalloz.fr/documentation/Document?id=OASIS-LISTE-ALPHA-GENERALES&scrll=OASIS-LISTE-ALPHA-GENERALES%2FA

For details, check the individual sections below.

Major references

[edit]

Here are some citations to works which may be suitable for a "Works cited" section in an article about French law. It is formatted for ease of use with short footnotes (template {{sfn}}) but may be used as inline citations by embedding the citation portion within <ref>...</ref> tags: 

*<!--{{sfn|Anyangwe|2015|p=}}--> {{cite book |last=Anyangwe |first=Carlson |date=23 September 2015 |title=Criminal Law: The General Part |publisher=African Books Collective |isbn=9789956762675 |oclc=1053502597 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-_xWEAAAQBAJ&pg=PR30}}

* <!--{{sfn|Bell|2008|p=}}-->{{cite book |author1=John Bell |author2=Sophie Boyron |author3=Simon Whittaker |date=27 March 2008 |title=Principles of French Law |edition=2 |publisher=OUP Oxford |pages=129– |isbn=978-0-19-101889-3 |oclc=865331945 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DrhGAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA129 |ref={{harvid|Bell|2008}} }}

* <!--{{sfn|Bermann|Picard|2008}}--> {{cite book |editor1-last=Bermann |first=George A. |editor2-last=Picard |editor2-first=Etienne |date=1 January 2008 |title=Introduction to French Law |publisher=Kluwer Law |pages=134– |isbn=978-90-411-2466-1 |oclc=219574344 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2ULv4NzlAFEC&pg=PA134}}

* <!--{{sfn|''Britannica''|2021|loc=}}-->{{cite encyclopedia |entry=The decline of constabulary police |entry-url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/police/The-decline-of-constabulary-police#ref36616 |date=2021 |encyclopedia=Encyclopedia Britannica |access-date=15 December 2021 |ref={{harvid|''Britannica''|2021}} |quote=The military police roamed the countryside—they were not allowed to stay in one place for more than two days in a row—to catch military and, eventually, civilian offenders and to use their sentencing power to inflict punishment, for which there was no appeal. These special forces were not at first united in a single organization, but they came to be known collectively as the maréchaussée, as they were assigned to the various army marshals.}}

* <!--{{sfn|Brouillet|2013|p=}}-->{{cite book |editor1-first=Jean-Noël |editor1-last=Luc |editor2-first=Frédéric |editor2-last=Médard |last1=Brouillet |first=Pascal |date=2013 |title=Histoire et dictionnaire de la gendarmerie: de la Maréchaussée à nos jours |chapter=Au commencement était la Maréchaussée |publisher=Éditions Jacob-Duvernet |location=Paris |isbn=978-2-84724-496-0 |oclc=869914346 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AnpMnwEACAAJ}}

* <!--{{sfn|Chambers|1896|p=}}-->{{cite book |date=1896 |title=Chambers's Encyclopaedia: A Dictionary of Universal Knowledge, Volume 8 |publisher=W. & R. Chambers, Limited |pages=286– |oclc=235817290 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4pwMAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA286 |ref={{harvid|Chambers|1896}} }} 

* <!--{{sfn|Cornevin|2022}}-->{{cite web |last=Cornevin |first=Christophe |title=Qu'est-ce que la police judiciaire et quelles sont ses missions ? |trans-title=What is the judicial police and what are its missions? |work=[[Le Figaro]] |date=10 October 2022 |url=https://www.lefigaro.fr/actualite-france/qu-est-ce-que-la-police-judiciaire-et-quelles-sont-ses-missions-20221010 |access-date=2 December 2022}}

* <!--{{sfn|Dalloz-Art.111-3}}-->{{cite web |language=fr |title=Code pénal - Art. 111-3 |author= |url=https://www.dalloz.fr/documentation/Document?id=CODE_CPEN_ARTI_111-3&scrll=CPEN000048&FromId=DZ_OASIS_000615 |publisher=Editions Dalloz |location=Paris |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221122194027/https://www.dalloz.fr/documentation/Document?id=CPEN122506&FromId=DZ_OASIS_000615 |archive-date=2022-11-22 |access-date=11 December 2021 |quote=Art. 111-3 Nul ne peut être puni pour un crime ou pour un délit dont les éléments ne sont pas définis par la loi, ou pour une contravention dont les éléments ne sont pas définis par le règlement. Nul ne peut être puni d'une peine qui n'est pas prévue par la loi, si l'infraction est un crime ou un délit, ou par le règlement, si l'infraction est une contravention. |trans-quote=Art. 111-3 No one may be punished for a {{lang|fr|crime}} or a {{lang|fr|délit}} whose elements are not defined by law, or for a {{lang|fr|contravention}} whose elements are not defined by regulation. No one may be punished by a penalty that is not provided for by law, if the offense is a {{lang|fr|crime}} or a {{lang|fr|délit}}, or by the regulations, if the offense is a {{lang|fr|contravention}}. |ref={{harvid|Dalloz-Art.111-3}} }}

* <!--{{sfn|Dalloz-Art.112-1}}-->{{cite web |language=fr |title=Code pénal - Art. 112-1 |author= |url=https://www.dalloz.fr/documentation/Liste?ctxt=0_YSR0MD1hcHBsaWNhdGlvbiBkZSBsYSBsb2kgcMOpbmFsZSBkYW5zIGxlIHRlbXBzwqd4JHNmPXNpbXBsZS1zZWFyY2g%3D |date= |website=Dalloz |publisher=Editions Dalloz |location=Paris |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221122191930/https://www.dalloz.fr/documentation/Liste?ctxt=0_YSR0MD1hcHBsaWNhdGlvbiBkZSBsYSBsb2kgcMOpbmFsZSBkYW5zIGxlIHRlbXBzwqd4JHNmPXNpbXBsZS1zZWFyY2g%3D |archive-date=2022-11-22 |access-date=11 December 2021 |quote=Art. 112-1 Sont seuls punissables les faits constitutifs d'une infraction à la date à laquelle ils ont été commis. Peuvent seules être prononcées les peines légalement applicables à la même date. Toutefois, les dispositions nouvelles s'appliquent aux infractions commises avant leur entrée en vigueur et n'ayant pas donné lieu à une condamnation passée en force de chose jugée lorsqu'elles sont moins sévères que les dispositions anciennes. |trans-quote=Art. 112-1 Only acts constituting an offense on the date they were committed are punishable. Only the penalties legally applicable on the same date may be imposed.  However, the new provisions apply to offenses committed before their entry into force and which have not given rise to a conviction that has become res judicata when they are less severe than the old provisions. |ref={{harvid|Dalloz-Art.112-1}} }}

* <!--{{sfn|Dalloz-Art.121-3}}-->{{cite web |language=fr |title=Code pénal - Art. 121-3 |author= |url=https://www.dalloz.fr/documentation/Document?id=CODE_CPEN_ARTI_121-3&scrll=CPEN000566&FromId=DZ_OASIS_000417 |date= |website=Dalloz |publisher=Editions Dalloz |location=Paris |url-status= |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=10 December 2021 |quote=Art. 121-3   Il n'y a point de crime ou de délit sans intention de le commettre. |trans-quote=There is no crime or offense without the intention to commit it. |ref={{harvid|Dalloz-Art.121-3}} }}

* <!--{{sfn|Dalloz-Art.131-5}}-->{{cite web |language=fr |title=Code pénal - Art. 131-5 |url=https://www.dalloz.fr/documentation/Document?id=CODE_CPEN_ARTI_131-5&scrll=CPEN032352&FromId=DZ_OASIS_000712 |publisher=Editions Dalloz |location=Paris |url-status= |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=11 December 2021 |quote=Art. 131-5 Lorsqu'un délit est puni d'une peine d'emprisonnement, la juridiction peut prononcer une peine de jours-amende consistant pour le condamné à verser au Trésor une somme dont le montant global résulte de la fixation par le juge d'une contribution quotidienne pendant un certain nombre de jours. |trans-quote=When an offense is punishable by imprisonment, the court may impose a day-fine penalty consisting of the convicted person paying to the Treasury a sum of money, the total amount of which is determined by the judge as a daily payment for a certain number of days.  |ref={{harvid|Dalloz-Art.131-5}} }}

* <!--{{sfn|Dalloz CPP annotated|2020|p=}}--> {{cite book |last1=Ambroise-Castérot |first1=Coralie |last2=Renucci |first2=Jean-François |last3=Céré |first3=Jean-Paul |last4=Léna |first4=Maud |date=3 July 2019 |title=Code de procédure pénale 2020, annoté |trans-quote=Code of criminal procedure 2020 , annotated |edition=61 |publisher=Dalloz |location=Paris |series=Code de procédure pénale |isbn=978-2-247-18658-7 |oclc=1111223526 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DdmgDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA2172 |ref={{harvid|Dalloz CPP annotated|2020}}}}

<!--{{sfn|Dalloz-EMateriel|2022}}--><!-- also C.pen. art 121-1-->
* {{cite web |lang=fr |title=Élément matériel de l'infraction - Fiches d'orientation |trans-title=Material element of the infraction - Fact sheets |url=https://www.dalloz.fr/documentation/Document?id=DZ%2FOASIS%2F000416 |website=Dalloz |publisher=Editions Dalloz |location=Paris |url-status= |archiveurl= |archivedate= |accessdate=5 January 2023 |ref={{harvid|Dalloz-EMaterial|2022}} }}

* <!--{{sfn|Dalloz-EMoral|2021}}-->{{cite web |language=fr |title=Élément moral de l'infraction - Fiches d'orientation |trans-title=Moral element of the infraction - Fact sheets |author= |url=https://www.dalloz.fr/documentation/Document?id=CODE_CPEN_ARTI_121-3&FromId=DZ_OASIS_000417 |date=July 2021 |website=Dalloz |publisher=Editions Dalloz |location=Paris |url-status= |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=11 December 2021 |ref={{harvid|Dalloz-EMoral|2021}} }}

* <!--{{sfn|Dalloz-Legality|2021}}-->{{cite web |language=fr |title=Légalité des délits et des peines |trans-title=Principle of criminal legality |author= |url=https://www.dalloz.fr/documentation/Document?id=DZ%2FOASIS%2F000615 |date=August 2021 |website=Dalloz |publisher=Editions Dalloz |location=Paris |url-status= |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=11 December 2021 |quote=Principe fondamental du droit pénal moderne exprimé par la formule « Nullum crimen, nulla poena sine lege », le principe de légalité des délits et des peines (ou principe de légalité criminelle) signifie qu'il ne saurait y avoir de crimes, de délits et de contraventions sans une définition préalable de ces infractions, contenue dans un texte fixant leurs éléments constitutifs et la peine applicable. Autrement dit, il implique qu'un individu ne peut être poursuivi et condamné que par l'application d'une loi préexistant à l'acte qui lui est reproché. |trans-quote=The principle of legality of offenses and penalties (or principle of criminal legality) is a fundamental principle of modern criminal law, as expressed by the phrase "Nullum crimen, nulla poena sine lege"; it means that there can be no crimes, offenses, or contraventions without a prior definition of said offenses, as contained in a text setting out their constituent elements and the penalty which applies to them. In other words, it implies that an individual can only be prosecuted and sentenced by the application of a law that exists prior to the act of which he is accused. |ref={{harvid|Dalloz-Legality|2021}} }}

<!--{{sfn|Dalloz-Pr-Legalité|2020}}--> {{cite web |lang=fr |date=September 2020 |title=Principe de légalité - Fiches d'orientation |trans-title=Principle of legality - Fact sheets |author= |url=https://www.dalloz.fr/documentation/Document?id=DZ%2FOASIS%2F001660&FromId=OASIS_LISTE_ALPHA_GENERALES |website=Dalloz |publisher=Editions Dalloz |location=Paris |url-status=live |accessdate=30 January 2023 |ref={{harvid|Dalloz-Pr-Legalité|2020}} }}

<!--{{sfn|Dalloz-PVC|2022}}--> {{cite web |lang=fr |date=May 2022 |title=Principe à valeur constitutionnelle - Fiches d'orientation |trans-title=Principle of constitutional force - Fact sheets |author= |url=https://www.dalloz.fr/documentation/Document?id=DZ%2FOASIS%2F001616 |website=Dalloz |publisher=Editions Dalloz |location=Paris |url-status=live |accessdate=30 January 2023 |ref={{harvid|Dalloz-PVC|2022}} |quote=Un principe à valeur constitutionnelle est un principe dégagé par le Conseil constitutionnel et dont le respect s'impose au législateur comme aux autres organes de l'État. Il est une norme juridique à part entière. |trans-quote=A principle of constitutional force is a principle identified by the Constitutional Council, the respect of which is binding on the legislator as well as on the other organs of the State. It is a legal norm in its own right.}}

* <!--{{sfn|Dalloz-Time|2021}}-->{{cite web |language=fr |title=Application de la loi pénale dans le temps {{!}} Fiches d'orientation |trans-title=Application of the law in time {{!}} Fact sheet |author= |url=https://www.dalloz.fr/documentation/Liste?ctxt=0_YSR0MD1hcHBsaWNhdGlvbiBkZSBsYSBsb2kgcMOpbmFsZSBkYW5zIGxlIHRlbXBzwqd4JHNmPXNpbXBsZS1zZWFyY2g%3D |date=2 September 2021 |website=Dalloz |publisher=Editions Dalloz |location=Paris |url-status= |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=11 December 2021 |quote=La question de l'application de la loi pénale dans le temps se pose dès lors que des faits ont été commis et n'ont pas encore été définitivement jugés lors de l'entrée en vigueur d'une loi nouvelle. |trans-quote=The question of the application of criminal law with respect to time arises when acts have been committed and have not yet been finally judged when a new law comes into force. |ref={{harvid|Dalloz-Time|2021}} }}

* <!--{{sfn|Dammer|Albanese|2013|p=}}-->{{cite book |last1=Dammer |first1=Harry R. |last2=Albanese |first2=Jay S. |date=4 January 2013 |title=Comparative Criminal Justice Systems |edition=5 |publisher=Cengage Learning |pages=|isbn=978-1-285-63077-9 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1b8WAAAAQBAJ}}

* <!--{{sfn|Donnelly|2013|p=}}-->{{cite book |last=Donnelly |first=Daniel |date=21 January 2013 |title=Municipal Policing in the European Union: Comparative Perspectives |publisher=Springer |pages=37– |isbn=978-1-137-29061-8 |oclc=1005811336 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qHClHUCTEswC&pg=PA37}}

* <!--{{sfn|Elliott|2001|p=}}-->{{cite book |author=Catherine Elliott |date=2001 |title=French Criminal Law |publisher=Routledge |pages=| isbn=978-1-135-99307-8 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Vm2UAgAAQBAJ}}
* <!--{{sfn|Elliott|2001|p=}}-->{{cite book |last=Elliott |first=Catherine |date=2001 |title=French Criminal Law |publisher=Willan |Portland OR |isbn=978-1-135-99307-8 |oclc=49494876 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Vm2UAgAAQBAJ}}

* <!--{{sfn|de Maillard|2021|p=}}-->{{cite book |editor1=Jacques de Maillard |editor2=Wesley G. Skogan |date=2021 |title=Policing in France |publisher=Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group |pages= |isbn=978-0-367-13524-9 |oclc=1144787505 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=m7MvzAEACAAJ}}

* <!--{{sfn|Gendarmerie nationale|2016}}-->{{cite web |language=fr |author1=Sirpa Gendarmerie |author2=Gendarmerie nationale |title=La gendarmerie, héritière des maréchaussées |trans-title=The Gendarmerie, successor of the maréchaussées |date=2016-10-16 |url=https://www.gendarmerie.interieur.gouv.fr/notre-institution/notre-histoire/la-gendarmerie-de-sa-naissance-a-aujourd-hui/la-gendarmerie-heritiere-des-marechaussees |url-status= |website=French Ministry of Interior |access-date=2021-12-14}}

* <!--{{sfn|Guerinot|2018a}}-->{{cite web |language=fr |title=Le Droit Pénal et le Droit Civil |trans-title=Criminal Law and Civil Law |last=Guerinot |first=Romain |url=https://www.legavox.fr/blog/romain-guerinot-avocat-nice/droit-penal-droit-civil-25436.htm |date=18 July 2018 |website=LegaVox.fr |publisher= |location=Nice |url-status= |archive-url= |archive-date= |ref={{harvid|Guerinot|2018a}} |quote=Le Droit Pénal a pour fonction de pénaliser... Si le Droit pénal met en place une répression qualifiée de verticale, la Société imposant le respect de la norme et sanctionnant son non-respect, le Droit Civil organise quant à lui une relation horizontale, elle répare le préjudice causé par une personne envers une autre.|trans-quote=The function of Criminal Law is to penalize... If on the one hand Criminal Law sets up a repressive relationship one could describe as vertical, with society imposing respect for norms and sanctioning non-compliance, Civil Law on the other hand establishes a horizontal relationship, repairing the damage caused by one person towards another. |access-date=11 December 2021}}{{better source needed|reason=This is a legal blog by a law firm in Nice; it looks authoritative and seems reliable, but more independent source would be better. |date=December 2021}}

* <!--{{sfn|Guerinot|2018c}}-->{{cite web |language=fr |title=Action civile |trans-title=Civil action |last=Guerinot |first=Romain |url=https://guerinot-avocat.com/index.php/publications-guerinot-nice/lexique-juridique/lexique-de-droit-penal-et-de-procedure-penale/action-civile |date= |website=LegaVox.fr |publisher= |location=Nice |url-status= |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date= |ref={{harvid|Guerinot|2018c}} |quote=[P]ar l'action civile, la partie civile va demander la réparation de son préjudice. |trans-quote=By the civil action, the plaintiff demands reparation for damages.}}{{better source needed|date=December 2021}}

* <!--{{sfn|Guerinot|2018p}}-->{{cite web |language=fr |title=Action publique |trans-title=Public action |last=Guerinot |first=Romain |url=https://guerinot-avocat.com/index.php/publications-guerinot-nice/lexique-juridique/lexique-de-droit-penal-et-de-procedure-penale/action-publique |date= |ref={{harvid|Guerinot|2018p}} |website=LegaVox.fr |publisher= |location=Nice |url-status= |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date= |quote= }}{{better source needed|date=December 2021}}

*<!--{{sfn|Hall|2010|p=16}}--> {{cite book |last=Hall |first=Jerome |date=2010 |title=General Principles of Criminal Law |publisher=The Lawbook Exchange, Ltd. |isbn=978-1-58477-498-3 |oclc=1131553404 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=R64u3JSiSFAC&pg=PA16}}

* <!--{{sfn|Hanson|2007|p=}}-->{{cite book |last=Hanson |first=Paul R. |date=23 February 2007 |title=The A to Z of the French Revolution |publisher=Scarecrow Press |location=Lanham, Maryland |pages= |isbn=978-1-4617-1606-8 |oclc=1011012469 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yYJ4AAAAQBAJ}}

*<!-- {{sfn|Hodgson2005|p=}}-->{{cite book |last=Hodgson |first=Jacqueline |date=8 November 2005 |title=French Criminal Justice: A Comparative Account of the Investigation and Prosecution of Crime in France |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing |pages=|isbn=978-1-84731-069-9 |oclc=1048749661 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=T6bbBAAAQBAJ}}

* <!--{{sfn|Jean|2010|p=}}-->{{cite book |language=fr |last=Jean |first=Jean-Paul |date=2010 |title=Le système pénal |trans-title=The penal system |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IWKAYr_QC1oC |location= |publisher=[[:fr:La Decouverte|La Decouverte]] |series=Repères |isbn=978-2-7071-5414-9 |oclc=758870056}}

* <!--{{sfn|Jones|Johnstone|2011|p=}}-->{{cite book |last1=Jones |first1=Mark |last2=Johnstone |first2=Peter |date=22 July 2011 |title=History of Criminal Justice |chapter=4 From the Lateran Coucils to the Renaissance (c. 1150–1550) |edition=5 |publisher=Routledge |location=Abingdon, Oxon. |isbn=978-1-317-52245-4 |oclc=897455626 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vSagBAAAQBAJ}}

* <!--{{sfn|Knoblauch|2018}}-->{{cite book |last=Knoblauch von |first=W. |date=16 January 2018 |title=Revival: A Dictionary of Argot (1912): (French-English) |publisher=Routledge |series=Routledge Revivals |isbn=978-1-351-34999-4 |oclc=1027760614 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RiRHDwAAQBAJ}}

* <!--{{sfn|Larnaude|1915|p=29}}--> {{cite book |last=Larnaude |first=Ferdinand |date=1915 |title=La Science Francaise {{!}} Les sciences juridiques et politiques |trans-title=French Science {{!}} Juridical and political science |url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015002441817&view=1up&seq=9 |chapter=VII. Le droit criminel (droit  pénal et instruction criminelle [Vii. Criminal law (penal law and criminal judicial investigation] |publisher=Larousse <!--|total-pages=75--> |location=Paris |oclc=575741811}}

* <!--{{sfn|Larrieu|2002}}-->{{cite book |first1=Louis |last1=Larrieu |author2=Service historique de la gendarmerie nationale |date=2002 |title=Histoire de la maréchaussée et de la gendarmerie: des origines à la quatrième république |trans-title=History of the Marshalsea and the Gendarmerie: from the origins to the fourth republic |publisher=Phénix éd. |location=Ivry-sur-Seine |isbn=978-2-7458-0796-0 |oclc=469644979 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qV6fAAAACAAJ |ref={{harvid|Larrieu|2002}} }}

*<!--{{sfn|Le Gendre|1980}}--> {{cite newspaper |lang=fr |last=Le Gendre |first=Bertrand |authorlink=Bertrand Le Gendre |date=27 February 1980 |title=La réforme du code pénal remise en cause La logique de la répression |trans-title=The reform of the penal code questioned. The logic of the rejection. |newspaper=[[Le Monde]] |location=Paris |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/archives/article/1980/02/27/la-reforme-du-code-penal-remise-en-cause-la-logique-de-la-repression_3073491_1819218.html |access-date=7 January 2023}}

*<!--{{sfn|Le Monde|1981}}--> {{cite newspaper |lang=fr |author=Le Monde |authorlink=Le Monde |date=22 October 1981 |title=M. Badinter préside la commission de révision du code pénal |trans-title=Mr. Badinter presides over the commission for revision of the penal code |newspaper=Le Monde |location=Paris |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/archives/article/1981/10/22/m-badinter-preside-la-commission-de-revision-du-code-penal_2710629_1819218.html |access-date=7 January 2023}}

* <!--{{sfn|Leruth|2022|p=}}--> {{cite book |last=Leruth |first=Michael F. |date=18 October 2022 |title=Modern France |publisher=ABC-CLIO |pages=100– |isbn=978-1-4408-5549-8 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KtSYEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA100}}

*<!--{{sfn|Linguee|2023|loc=word}}-->{{cite web |date=2023 |title=Linguee {{!}} Dictionnaire anglais-français (et autres langues) |trans-title=Linguee English-French Dictionary (and other languages) |website=Linguee.fr |publisher=DeepL SE |location=Cologne |url=https://www.linguee.fr |ref={{harvid|Linguee|2023}} }}

https://www.linguee.fr/francais-anglais/traduction/proc%C3%A8s-verbal.html
loc=[https://www.linguee.fr/francais-anglais/search?source=auto&query=saisit+des+faits saisi des faits]

* <!--{{sfn|Mathias|2007|p=}}-->{{cite book |last=Mathias |first=Éric |date=2007 |title=Procédure pénale |trans-title=Criminal procedure |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=x0eGM97LC00C&pg=PA30 |publisher=Editions Bréal |location=Rosny sous Bois |series=Lexifac. Droit |isbn=978-2-7495-0786-6 |oclc=239664322}}

* <!--{{sfn|MDLJ-Infrac|2008}}-->{{cite web |language=fr |author=French Ministry of Justice |author-link=French Ministry of Justice |title=L’infraction |trans-title= |date=4 December 2008 |website=[[:fr:Ministère de la Justice|Ministère de la Justice]] |publisher= |url=http://www.justice.gouv.fr/justice-penale-11330/lenquete-judiciaire-11332/linfraction-16334.html |access-date=3 January 2023 |trans-quote= |ref={{harvid|MDLJ-Infrac|2008}}}}

* <!--{{sfn|MDLJ-JPen|2016}}-->{{cite web |language=fr |author=French Ministry of Justice |author-link=French Ministry of Justice |title=La justice pénale en France |trans-title=Criminal justice in France |date=16 December 2016 |website=[[:fr:Ministère de la Justice|Ministère de la Justice]] |publisher= |url=http://www.justice.gouv.fr/justice-penale-11330/ |access-date=3 January 2023 |trans-quote= |ref={{harvid|MDLJ-JPen|2016}}}}

* <!--{{sfn|Police Nationale|2011|loc=§ section}}-->{{cite web |lang=fr |date=10 October 2011 |author=Ministère de l'Intérieur<!--from html meta tag--> |title=Histoire de la police judiciaire {{!}} Direction Centrale de la Police Judiciaire {{!}} Organisation - Police nationale |trans-title=History of the judicial police {{!}} Central Directorate of the Judicial Police {{!}} Organization - National Police |url=https://www.police-nationale.interieur.gouv.fr/Organisation/Direction-Centrale-de-la-Police-Judiciaire/Histoire-de-la-police-judiciaire |publisher= |ref={{harvid|Police Nationale|2011}} }}

* <!--{{sfn|Perrin|1968|p=}}--> {{cite book |last=Perrin |first=Ch.-Edmond  |date=1968 |title=Historien francais : Ferdinand Lot (1866-1952) (un) |publisher=Librairie Droz |pages=7– |isbn=978-2-600-03959-8 |oclc=1024491773 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sVvyXahn7mUC}}</ref>

* <!--{{sfn|Steiner|2010|p=}}--> {{cite book |last=Steiner |first=Eva  |date=4 March 2010 |title=French Law: A Comparative Approach |publisher=OUP Oxford |isbn=978-0-19-923237-6 |oclc=1026108285 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oUScAQAAQBAJ&pg=PR25}}

* <!--{{sfn|Stewart|1951|p=}}-->{{cite book |last=Stewart |first=John Hall |date=1951 |title=A Documentary Survey of the French Revolution |publisher=Macmillan |location=New York |oclc=401456 |pages=106–112}}

Many more including Dalloz article references at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_criminal_law#Works_cited


Dictionaries and glossaries

[edit]

Prof. Jean-Paul's dictionary of criminal law is the most exhaustively complete reference of terms in French criminal law. Example:

The {{lang|fr|ordre public}} is characterized by tranquility, public health, and safety.{{sfn|Doucet|2019|loc=[http://ledroitcriminel.fr/dictionnaire/lettre_o/lettre_ordre.htm O-5]}}

The Council of Europe has a bilingual Legal dictionary, partly viewable through Google books, for a limited number of A–J words: 

* <!--{{sfn|Bridge|1994|p=}}-->{{cite book |last1=Bridge |first1=F. H. S. |author2=Council of Europe |date=1 January 1994 |title=The Council of Europe French-English Legal Dictionary |publisher=Council of Europe |pages=177– |isbn=9789287124968 |oclc=1232989547 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rQAKtn-XjzIC&pg=PA177}}

CNRTL.fr is a comprehensive French online dictionary, which also includes legal terms (marked Dr. -- Droit) and has etymologies as well. Terms like infraction, contravention, delit, crime, partie civile (under partie), procureur, punir, reinsertion could all be found there. It's a dictionary, so generally does not have multiple-word expressions. 

<!--{{sfn|CNRTL|2012|loc=[https://www.cnrtl.fr/definition/$1 $1]}}-->
* {{cite web |lang=fr |author=<!--staff writers, no byline--> |title=Centre National de Ressources Textuelles et Lexicales |trans-title=National Center of Textual and Lexical Resources |url=https://www.cnrtl.fr |date=2012 |website=CNRTL.fr |publisher= |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=14 December 2021 |quote= |trans-quote= |ref={{harvid|CRNTL|2012]}} }}

INSEE has some definitions, e.g., for 'P': https://www.insee.fr/fr/metadonnees/definitions#lettre-P

The website of the Ministere de la justice has two glossaries (lexiques): 

* <!--{{sfn|MDLJ-Lexique|2008|loc=}}-->{{cite web |lang=fr |author=French Ministry of Justice |authorlink=French Ministry of Justice |title=Les mots-clés de la Justice - Lexique |trans-title=Key words of Justice - Lexicon |date=6 August 2008 |website=[[:fr:Ministère de la Justice|Ministère de la Justice]] |publisher= |url=http://www.justice.gouv.fr/les-mots-cles-de-la-justice-lexique-11199/#alpha |ref={{harvid|MDLJ-Lexique|2008}}}}

*<!--{{sfn|Justice-Lexique|loc=[https://www.justice.fr/lexique/letter_z#Zebre Z]}}}}-->{{cite web |lang=fr |author=French Ministry of Justice |authorlink=French Ministry of Justice |date=2023 |title=Lexique {{!}} Justice.fr |trans-title=Glossary {{!}} Justice.fr |website=[[:fr:Ministère de la Justice|Ministère de la Justice]] |publisher= |url=https://www.justice.fr/lexique |ref={{harvid|Justice-Lexique}}}}
<!-- NOTE: In {{sfn}}, use param 'loc' to link the first letter to the page containing all words starting with that letter. Eg., 
 * for A words, use: |loc=[http://www.justice.gouv.fr/mots-cles/mc_a.html A]
 * for B words, use: |loc=[http://www.justice.gouv.fr/mots-cles/mc_b.html B]
 * for C words, use: |loc=[http://www.justice.gouv.fr/mots-cles/mc_c.html C]
    . . .
 * for V words, use: |loc=[http://www.justice.gouv.fr/mots-cles/mc_v.html V] 
end NOTE -->

An example, using garde à vue:

Police custody is the situation in which a person, suspected of having committed or attempted to commit an offense punishable by imprisonment, is held by the police or gendarmerie as part of a judicial investigation. It is a measure that deprives a person of liberty for a strictly limited period of time.{{sfn|MDLJ-Lexique|2008|loc=[http://www.justice.gouv.fr/mots-cles/mc_g.html G]}

A list of additional legal glossaries can be found at Glossary of French criminal law#Further reading.

Monographs

[edit]

Monographs (longer than dictionary entries) on certain important topics of French criminal law can be found at MDLJ and Dalloz (where they are called "fiches"). Also, the entries at Prof. Doucet's dictionary are sometimes longer than an article stub would be, so they are entire articles on their own, although heavily technical with lots of legal and historical references.

Example monograph on garde à vue at MDLJ's glossary: 

* <!--{{sfn|MDLJ-Gav|2008}}-->{{cite web |lang=fr |author=French Ministry of Justice |authorlink=French Ministry of Justice |title=Justice {{!}} Portail {{!}} La garde à vue |trans-title=Justice {{!}} Portal {{!}} Police custody |date=9 December 2008 |website=[[:fr:Ministère de la Justice|Ministère de la Justice]] |publisher= |url=http://www.justice.gouv.fr/justice-penale-11330/lenquete-judiciaire-11332/la-garde-a-vue-16369.html  |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date= |trans-quote=Police custody is the situation in which a person, suspected of having committed or attempted to commit an offense punishable by imprisonment, is held by the police or gendarmerie as part of a judicial investigation. It is a measure that deprives a person of liberty for a strictly limited period of time. |quote-page= |ref={{harvid|MDLJ-Gav|2008}}}}

Other monographs from MDLJ: 

* <!--{{sfn|MDLJ-Acteurs|2008}}-->{{cite web |lang=fr |author=French Ministry of Justice |authorlink=French Ministry of Justice |title=Les acteurs de la justice pénale |trans-title=Participants in the criminal justice system |date=16 December 2008 |website=[[:fr:Ministère de la Justice|Ministère de la Justice]] |publisher= |url=http://www.justice.gouv.fr/justice-penale-11330/les-acteurs-de-la-justice-penale-11339/les-acteurs-de-la-justice-penale-16425.html |ref={{harvid|MDLJ-Acteurs|2008}}}}

* <!--{{sfn|MDLJ-Bulletin|2001}}-->{{cite web |lang=fr |author=Ministère de la Justice |date=April 2001 |title=Bulletin Officiel du ministère de la Justice n° 80 (1er octobre - 31 décembre 2000) <!--Présentation des dispositions de la loi du 15 juin 2000 renforçant la protection de la présomption d'innocence et les droits des victimes concernant la procédure criminelle {{!}} CRIM 2000-14 F1/11-12-2000 {{!}} NOR : JUSD0030215C--> |trans-title=Official bulletin of the ministry of Justice #80 (1 October - 31 December 2000) |publisher=
|url=http://www.justice.gouv.fr/bulletin-officiel/dacg80h.htm}}

* <!--{{sfn|MDLJ-Metiers-JAP|2011}}-->{{cite web |lang=fr |author=French Ministry of Justice |authorlink=French Ministry of Justice |title=Justice / Métiers et concours / Le juge de l'application des peines |trans-title=Justice / Professions and competitions / Sentencing judge |date=11 July 2011 |website=[[:fr:Ministère de la Justice|Ministère de la Justice]] |publisher= |url=http://www.metiers.justice.gouv.fr/magistrat-12581/les-temoignages-12584/le-juge-de-lapplication-des-peines-26243.html |ref={{harvid|MDLJ-Metiers-JLD|2011}}}}

* <!--{{sfn|MDLJ-Metiers-JI|2015}}-->{{cite web |lang=fr |author=French Ministry of Justice |authorlink=French Ministry of Justice |title=Justice / Métiers et concours / Juge d’instruction |trans-title=Justice / Professions and competitions / Investigating judge |date=2 January 2015 |website=[[:fr:Ministère de la Justice|Ministère de la Justice]] |publisher= |url=http://www.metiers.justice.gouv.fr/magistrat-12581/le-metier-12582/juge-dinstruction-26219.html |ref={{harvid|MDLJ-Metiers-JI|2015}}}}

* <!--{{sfn|MDLJ-Metiers-JLD|2011}}-->{{cite web |lang=fr |author=French Ministry of Justice |authorlink=French Ministry of Justice |title=Justice / Métiers et concours / Le juge des libertés et de la détention |trans-title=Justice / Professions and competitions / Investigating judge |date=11 July 2011 |website=[[:fr:Ministère de la Justice|Ministère de la Justice]] |publisher= |url=http://www.metiers.justice.gouv.fr/magistrat-12581/les-temoignages-12584/le-juge-des-libertes-et-de-la-detention-26240.html |ref={{harvid|MDLJ-Metiers-JLD|2011}}}}

* <!--{{sfn|MDLJ-Pen|2016}}-->{{cite web |lang=fr |author=French Ministry of Justice |authorlink=French Ministry of Justice |title=La justice pénale en France |trans-title=Criminal justice in France |date=16 December 2016 |website=[[:fr:Ministère de la Justice|Ministère de la Justice]] |publisher= |url=http://www.justice.gouv.fr/justice-penale-11330/ |access-date=3 January 2023 |trans-quote= |ref={{harvid|MDLJ-JPen|2016}}}}

Citing Légifrance

[edit]

Légifrance is a very comprehensive database of all French laws and judicial text, from the 1500s to the present. Wikipedia has three templates to assist in citing a text or law at Legifrance:

  • {{Legifrance}} – to create an external link inline to a law or text
  • {{sfn Legifrance}} – to create a short footnote to a law or text
  • {{Legifrance}} – to create a full, long-form citation to Légifrance, suitable either as an inline, named reference, or as a full citation in the "Works cited" section of an article that uses short footnotes.

Without using any of these templates, you'd have to cite a particular law the long way, like this: 

<ref name="law-1944-08-09">{{cite web |url=http://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/affichTexte.do?cidTexte=LEGITEXT000006071212&dateTexte=20090620 |title=Ordonnance du 9 août 1944 relative au rétablissement de la légalité républicaine sur le territoire continental – Version consolidée au 10 août 1944 |trans-title=Law of 9 August 1944 Concerning the reestablishment of the legally constituted Republic on the mainland – consolidated version of 10 August 1944 |date=9 August 1944 |website=gouv.fr |publisher=Legifrance |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090716040542/http://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/affichTexte.do?cidTexte=LEGITEXT000006071212&dateTexte=20090620 |archive-date=16 July 2009 |access-date=21 October 2015}}</ref>

which is a lot to know and type out. Much simpler is this: 

{{Cite Légifrance |base=CPP |number=62-2 |text=CPP art. 62-2 |url=https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/section_lc/LEGITEXT000006071154/LEGISCTA000006151876/#LEGISCTA000006151876 |id=62-2}}

Even simpler, is either of these two. The first one is in inline named reference style; the second is using short footnotes: 

...and restored the republic after war.<ref name="cpp 62-2">{{Cite Legifrance|base=CPP|number=62-2}}</ref>

...and restored the republic after war.{{sfn Legifrance|CPP|62-2}}

In some cases, you need to find the url separately (details at the template doc), resulting in something like this: 

...by the important 1971 decision of the Constitutional Council #71-44 DC.{{sfn Legifrance|text=Const. Council dec. 71-44 DC of 16 July 1971|url=https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/cons/id/CONSTEXT000017665605}}

Specific topics

[edit]

Here are some references for specific topics related to French law.

Marechausee

[edit]

Marechausee references: 

* <!--{{sfn|Brouillet|2020|loc=§nbsp;sect.}}-->{{cite web |last=Brouillet |date=2020-03-23 |first=Pascal |title=Chronologie : La maréchaussée des origines à 1720 |trans-title=The maréchaussée from its origins to 1720 |website=[[National Gendarmerie Museum|Musée de la Gendarmerie Nationale]] |publisher=SNHPG<!--Société nationale de l’histoire et du patrimoine de la gendarmerie--> |location=Maisons Alfort, France |url=https://www.force-publique.net/2020/03/23/la-marechaussee-des-origines-a-1720/ |access-date=5 December 2022}}

* <!--{{sfn|SNHPG|2022|loc=§nbsp;sect.}}-->{{cite web |author=<!--"Admin", per html-->SNHPG |date=21 January 2022<!--meta tag modified time--> |title=La maréchaussée au XVIII° siècle |trans-title=The maréchaussée in the 18th century |website=[[National Gendarmerie Museum|Musée de la Gendarmerie Nationale]] |publisher=SNHPG<!--Société nationale de l’histoire et du patrimoine de la gendarmerie--> |location=Maisons Alfort, France |url=https://www.force-publique.net/2015/03/23/la-marechaussee-au-xviii-siecle/ |access-date=6 December 2022}}

* <!--{{sfn|Anorgend|2021}}-->{{cite web |lang=fr |author=Anorgend |date=20 January 2021 |title=1720 : création des brigades sédentaires de maréchaussées, lieux et effectifs |trans-title=1720 : creation of the sedentary brigades of marshaussées, places and staff |publisher=Anorgend<!--Les réservistes de la gendarmerie nationale--> |url=https://anorgend.org/2021/01/20/1720-creation-des-brigades-de-marechaussees-lieux-et-effectifs/ }}

{{efn|name="livres tournoi"|'''{{lang|fr|Livres tournoi}} (sometimes, '''{{lang|fr|LT}}'''){{snd}}The equivalent of 20 sous, from 1640 to 1795.<ref>{{cite web |author=Les Echos |title=Molière, l'entrepreneur star de Louis XIV |date=12 January 2022 |url=https://www.lesechos.fr/weekend/livres-expositions/moliere-lentrepreneur-star-de-louis-xiv-1378590 |location=Chantilly |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220113121551/https://www.lesechos.fr/weekend/livres-expositions/moliere-lentrepreneur-star-de-louis-xiv-1378590 |archive-date=13 January 2022 |access-date=8 December 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author=Joaillerie David |title=Definition: Le Louis d'Or |date=9 June 2022 |url=https://joaillerie-david.com/glossaire/definition-louis-dor/ |access-date=8 December 2022}}</ref>}}

<ref>{{cite web |author=Les Echos |title=Molière, l'entrepreneur star de Louis XIV |date=12 January 2022 |url=https://www.lesechos.fr/weekend/livres-expositions/moliere-lentrepreneur-star-de-louis-xiv-1378590 |location=Chantilly |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220113121551/https://www.lesechos.fr/weekend/livres-expositions/moliere-lentrepreneur-star-de-louis-xiv-1378590 |archive-date=13 January 2022 |access-date=8 December 2022}}</ref>

<ref>{{cite web |author=Joaillerie David |title=Definition: Le Louis d'Or |date=9 June 2022 |url=https://joaillerie-david.com/glossaire/definition-louis-dor/ |access-date=8 December 2022}}</ref>

*<!--{{sfn|Luc|2002|p=31}}-->{{cite book |author=Centre de recherches sur l'histoire du XIXe siècle |editor1-first=Jean-Noël |editor1-last=Luc <!--|editor2=Centre de recherches sur l'histoire du XIXe siècle (Paris, France |date=2002 |title=Gendarmerie, état et société au XIXe siècle |publisher=Publications de la Sorbonne |location=Paris |pages= |isbn=978-2-85944-449-5 |oclc=1050482324 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=G1UcNJrn3i4C&pg=PA31 |ref={{harvid|Luc|2002}} }}
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