User:Marshelec/sandbox

Brian Boyle
Occupation	Astrophysicist
Academic background
Alma mater	Durham University
Thesis	The evolution and clustering of optically selected quasi-stellar objects (1986)

The land belongs to the Crown, and was leased to KAH.

Access to the western end of the track became

Access

The eastern trailhead is at the Rolling River junction, on the Wangapeka River Road to the west of Tapawera. The western trailhead is Wangapeka Road in the Little Wanganui valley.

Shuttle services based in Nelson, Motueka or Tapawera are available to transport walkers to the eastern trailhead, and collect them from the western trailhead.

Maidstone Park

A redevelopment of the playground in 2001 included a 1,000 m² (11,000 sq ft) skate park and twin 60 m (200 ft) long flying foxes (ziplines).

The Te Waikoropupū Springs are the largest cold–water springs in the Southern Hemisphere.

In 1888, Quintin McKinnon found a route from Lake Te Anau to the Sutherland Falls, enabling the creation of a tourist trail now known as the Milford Track, all the way from Lake Te Anau to Milford Sound. The route was via a mountain pass that was subsequently named after him as Mckinnon Pass.

When the Milford Track was established, there was no road out from Milford Sound. For the period from 1888 through to 1953, the only way for travellers to return by land from Milford Sound was to make the return journey back over the Milford Track. A road from Te Anau to Milford Sound — State Highway 94 (the Milford Road), was finally completed in 1953, when the Homer Tunnel was opened.

In 1908, the London Spectator called it 'the finest walk in the world", leading to a surge in interest.

partially complete sentence about glacier lakes

date of climate data is a bit old

Christchurch

The central city also includes the pedestrianised sections of Cashel and High streets, commonly known pre-earthquakes as 'City Mall'. Refurbished in 2008/09 the mall featured especially designed seating, flower and garden boxes, more trees, paving, and an extension to the central city tram route. The tram route extension was nearly complete when the February 2011 earthquake struck. Following the earthquakes, most buildings in Cashel Mall were demolished. A shopping area called Re:START opened on Cashel Street adjacent to Ballantyne's Department Store in October 2011. The Re:START mall was made of colourful shipping containers that were converted to house retail stores. The Bridge of Remembrance commemorating war dead stands at the western end of the mall, was repaired rededicated on Anzac Day, Monday 25 April 2016.

The Cultural Precinct provided a backdrop to a vibrant scene of ever-changing arts, cultural, and heritage attractions within an area of less than one square kilometre. The Arts Centre, the Canterbury Museum and the Art Gallery are located in the Cultural Precinct. The majority of the activities were free and a printable map was provided. Their areas are slowly being reopened to follow earthquake repair and strengthening work.

In 2010, the Christchurch City Council released "A City For People Action Plan", a programme of work through to 2022 to improve public spaces within the central city to entice more inner-city residents and visitors. A primary action was to reduce the impact of motorised private vehicles and increase the comfort of pedestrians and cyclists. The plan was based on a report prepared for the council by renowned Danish design firm Gehl Architects. Since the 2011 Christchurch earthquake, Wellington architect Ian Athfield has been selected to re-plan, although many varied suggestions have been promoted for rebuilding the central city.

The Central City, which was fully closed off following 22 February earthquake, opened in stages and was fully reopened in June 2013; although there were still some streets closed off due to earthquake damage, infrastructure repair work, and damaged buildings.

  mag/arcsec²

Queen Elizabeth Park, Masterton

https://interactives.stuff.co.nz/2019/04/the-tourist-trap/

https://fmc.org.nz/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/Letter-to-submitters-re-AMCNPMP-review-pause-15feb19.pdf

Great new source for Onekaka Ironworks https://www.proquest.com/docview/2615493895/54756508C58749F6PQ/5?accountid=14954&sourcetype=Newspapers

Wilderness Coast - nzgeo story: https://www.nzgeo.com/stories/wilderness-coast/

The main river catchments within Kahurangi National Park are the Aorere, Heaphy, Karamea, Matiri, Mokihinui, Owen and Wangapeka.

The Matiri and Owen Rivers drain the alpine areas of the southern region of the park, and flow into the Buller River.

Waingaro River (Tasman)

The small settlement of Karamea is surrounded by Kahurangi National Park on three sides.

Fauna

The park contains a variety of altitudes and landforms and has a notably unique range of habitats for the abundance of flora and fauna that call the national park home. It’s far enough north and at a low enough altitude to have escaped most recent ice ages and now has more than 80 percent of all alpine species in New Zealand, making it the most diverse of all our national parks.

Karamea River - old source https://docs.niwa.co.nz/library/public/FFASir31.pdf

Content sourced from Tableland:

Content sourced from Kahurangi Calling:

Biodiversity treasures of the Flora https://www.fof.org.nz/pdf/page_content_pdf_0120.pdf

Kahurangi National Park Management Plan (incorporating the 2009/2010 partial review and 2016/2017 amendment)

The Salisbury Ecological Management EMU (EMU) covers 14,520 ha centred on Mt Arthur (Wharepapa) and the Tableland, in the north east corner of Kahurangi National Park. The community group, Friends of Flora (FOF) has been working in partnership with the Department of Conservation (DOC) since 2001 to restore the biodiversity values of this area. The area has a wealth of ecological treasures:  24 different ecosystems   at least 88 species categorised as threatened or at risk    at least 4 plant and 3 invertebrate species that occur only in the EMU – nowhere else in the world   some of the best examples of marble ecosystems in the country   the two deepest caves in New Zealand, both of international significance  and is one of the best places to experience beech forest birdlife

The geology of the region is a complex of mudstone, limestone, volcanics, argillite and ultramafics. It has beech-dominant forests with conifers on poorly drained sites - red silver at mid altitudes, silver and/or mountain beech at the treeline. There are extensive subalpine grasslands. The region is assessed as having high species values.

Russ says: “For me, the business is my life. It's not a job; it is my life. I am a seabird biologist, so I'd have to say out on the ocean is where my heart most definitely lies."

Awards

Southern Heritage Expeditions won the Air New Zealand Ecotourism Award "for high achievement in conservation and public education of the natural environment of New Zealand".

In 1994, for example, Whale Watch, Paparoa Nature Tours, and Southern Heritage Expeditions all won the prestigious Global Ecotourism Awards, which are judged by a panel of the world's more preeminent conservationists. https://www.proquest.com/docview/198157526/2D224D65630B4D20PQ/12

Cruises in Russian far east on Professor Khromov https://www.proquest.com/docview/2543899083/151780D62804435APQ/611?accountid=14954&sourcetype=Wire%20Feeds

Source assessment table:

Source	Independent?	Reliable?	Significant coverage?	Count source toward GNG?
This table may not be a final or consensus view; it may summarize developing consensus, or reflect assessments of a single editor. Created using {{source assess table}}.

Deleted an old "Externals links modified" notification, in acc with Wikipedia:Village pump (proposals)/Archive 150#RfC: Delete IABot talk page posts?

 

testblah

Wayne Guppy

2001

https://www.proquest.com/docview/314746388/1C79C6B29C6540C7PQ/128?accountid=14954

https://www.proquest.com/docview/1019232685/F76F30C3A3EB4EFFPQ/47?accountid=14954

Hostetler, John A. (October 1987). "New Zealand's "New" Christian Community" (PDF). Christian Living. Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 January 2016.

https://www.abc.net.au/news/2022-11-02/new-zealand-secretive-gloriavale-christian-community/101569708

Wheelan McBean - sluice race at Gillespies ?

Kapiti Island geography

https://geographycat.press/2020/11/01/the-landscape-and-geology-of-kapiti-island-and-the-kapiti-coast-with-ike/

Waiwhetū Stream

Heavy metal pollution - Waiwhetu https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/00288330.1986.9516169

Diversion cut

1924

1928

In September 1937, a proposal was developed to cut a diversion route for the final length of the Waiwhetū Stream near its mouth.

https://teara.govt.nz/en/sewage-water-and-waste

Wellington Harbour and the surrounding landforms are a product of tectonic activity.

Bushy Park

9 Weaving a Dream: The Bushy Park Experience - on shelf at National Library

Bushy Park named in 2009 as top eco project: https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/nz-tops-in-eco-projects/ZKSQX23N4LCGUXOGT35W3J7IQE/

Paddock planting:

Robins at Bushy Park:

Good description of the sanctuary (2009):

Academic paper: Ecotourism And Sustainability In Community-driven Ecological Restoration: Case Studies From New Zealand

Homestead

1997 fundraiser for homestead - incl Malvina Major:

https://www.proquest.com/docview/314935086/186C34F063484678PQ/11?accountid=14954 and

Events held at Bushy Park Homestead include an evening picnic concert held on the front lawn in December 1997, with performances by Malvina Major, the New Zealand Chamber Orchestra and local choirs.

https://www.proquest.com/docview/315005528/186C34F063484678PQ/30?accountid=14954

In 2001, Homestead administered by Bushy Park Homestead and Forest Trust. 800 year old rata

Previous proprietors:

Dale Pullen and renovations:

Dale Pullen - plus renovation of homestead:

Dale Pullen - leaseholder/ custodian and and

Essential reference: obituary for Bushy Park Trust's revered patron, Charles Stanley (Stan) Butcher

High tea popular with visitors:

Dining room carved mantelpiece:

Wanganui Herald March 1898. Thomas Dewson as expert carver: https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/WH18980321.2.28.1

Wanganui Herald of 6 July 1906. Detailed description of a mantelpiece for Bushy Park, carved by Thomas Dewson: https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/WH19060706.2.5

Wanganui Chronicle of 20 March 2019: Family re-union linked to Thomas Dewson and Bushy Park mantelpiece: https://www.nzherald.co.nz/whanganui-chronicle/news/whanganui-museum-re-dedication-inspires-family-gathering/YISX3VHVUNE5HTDWEMF763WNH4/

Whanganui Regional Museum biography of Thomas Dewson, stating that he carved the dining room mantelpiece at Bushy Park: http://collection.wrm.org.nz/search.do?mode=1&view=detail&id=411&db=person

Frank Moore - many friends https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/WH19101014.2.23?items_per_page=10&page=8&query=%22Bushy+Park%22&snippet=true&title=WH&type=ARTICLE%2cILLUSTRATION

Historic article about water supply to Whanganui: https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/WC19340207.2.39

Birds mudsnails and Thyridia repens

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/00288306.2015.1133663

Onoke Spit

Nationally significant, only two such landform features of this type in New Zealand (Te Waihora/Lake Ellesmere) •Reflects a range of tectonic, sedimentological and geomorphological processes •Geologically young (Holocene aged) formed in past few 1000 yrs from a tidal bay •The ‘spit’ is 3.5 km long and 350 m at its widest formed from sediment transport from the east connecting spit to western side to form a ‘barrier’ beach •Tectonic uplift from 1855 EQ moved outlet from Kiriwai lagoon to Lake Ferry creating illusion it grew from west to east •Foraminifera (small marine amoeba) have been recorded living above the high tide mark (uncommon) and is an important locality for research into biogenic fossil markers

Lake Ōnoke is a nationally significant landform. The only similar landform in New Zealand is Lake Ellesmere / Te Waihora in the South Island. The lake was formed in recent geological time (within the past few thousand years), in an area that was previously a tidal ocean bay.

(from page 84)

The lake, and the associated Ōnoke Spit, are part of the Wairarapa Moana Wetlands area.

The lake is separated from the ocean and Palliser Bay by a 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) sand spit.

The ocean outlet of Lake Ōnoke is frequently closed by natural wave action on the beach, and this can lead to rising water levels in the lake, leading to flooding of low-lying aeas around the lake margin. Natural forces can lead to the opening of the lake outlet, but historically, the lake levels have been controlled by excavating a channel through the beach to the sea, to limit flooding of properties around the lake.

Good egg looking out for vulnerable birds

https://times-age.co.nz/local-news/good-egg-looking-out-for-vulnerable-birds/%7C archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20230713060137/https://times-age.co.nz/local-news/good-egg-looking-out-for-vulnerable-birds/%7Carchive-date=13 July 2023

Newtown Park Opening of Newtown Park all-weather track https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19721030.2.155

new track laid in Jan 2002: https://www.proquest.com/docview/314837792/200A52C790B0452FPQ/1?accountid=14954

track to be replaced in 2012: https://www.proquest.com/docview/1035210133/200A52C790B0452FPQ/7?accountid=14954 and https://www.proquest.com/docview/1112233034/5E89E824B15E46FFPQ/2?accountid=14954

Bernie Portenski setting new world records: Feb 2004: https://www.proquest.com/docview/338029644/5E89E824B15E46FFPQ/249?accountid=14954 Oct 2004: https://www.proquest.com/docview/338177575/5E89E824B15E46FFPQ/125?accountid=14954

Pole vault cover blows over - injures people: https://www.proquest.com/docview/2322483337/5E89E824B15E46FFPQ/245?accountid=14954

• I cannot see anything related to Every individual kākāpō receives an annual health check and has their transmitter replaced in the previous reference.

The pair bought the restaurant weeks before the pandemic broke in 2020.

Proprietors - The Experience Collective https://theexperiencecollective.nz/

Jubilee of the Port of Wellington https://natlib.govt.nz/records/36387952?search%5Bi%5D%5Bsubject_text%5D=History&search%5Bpage%5D=5&search%5Bpath%5D=photos

Salvage tug too expensive ?? https://www.stuff.co.nz/travel/news/300834994/dedicated-cook-strait-tug-boat-likely-too-expensive-but-is-that-whats-needed

Seaview wharf

https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19670630.2.33

https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19731031.2.168.2

Baycourt Tauranga

https://www.flickr.com/photos/76473972@N00/34510555160

Rocks exposed at the site include oceanic metabasalt pillow lava and coloured argillites within Torlesse greywacke. The formation has inclusions of chert, jasper, malachite, and radiolarian micro fossils.

Special character of Foulden Maar

There are many aspects of the discoveries at Foulden Maar that are of national or international significance.

Conservation Lagerstätten

The Foulden site has been described as a conservation Lagerstätte, a term meaning a type of fossil site that is extremely rare globally, where as a result of special conditions at the site, the soft tissue of plants and animals has been preserved in fine detail. Only two such sites have been found in New Zealand.

_______________________________________________________

The South African-born couple Lance and Nicola Herbst first visited New Zealand in the mid 1990's. They were attracted by the white-sand beaches of Great Barrier Island in the Auckland Region, and the small holiday homes (know as bachs) on the island. The couple moved permanently to New Zealand around three years later, purchased land at Medlands Beach on Great Barrier Island and built a small bach. The established their Auckland-based architectural practice, Herbst Architects, in 2000. The experience with their own bach at Medlands Beach led to a commission in 2005 to design a holiday home further down the beach. The home was designed as "off-grid" with its own solar power and rain water harvesting system.

This connection was realised in an extreme way with two projects that were required to directly integrate with protected, mature pohutukawa trees: Kawakawa House Piha and Under Pohutukawa, which won the NZIA New Zealand Architecture Award in 2018 and 2012 respectively.

Lance and Nicola Herbst of Herbst Architects in Auckland won the Sir Ian Athfield Housing Award in the 2018 NZIA awards, for their design of the Kawakawa House in Piha.

All basement rocks beneath the Wellington Region belong to the Torlesse composite terrane. They are largely composed of greywacke (hardened sandstone and mudstone), but also contain chert, and pillow lavas.

See page 205 on

https://www.geotrips.org.nz/downloads/Ballance_NZ_Geology-V2.pdf

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/epdf/10.1080/00288306.1990.10425694?needAccess=true&role=button

Geology of the red rocks-turbidite association, Wellington peninsula, New Zealand

"Cape Foulwind Lighthouse". New Zealand Heritage List/Rārangi Kōrero. Heritage New Zealand.

https://www.oiv.int/sites/default/files/documents/eng-state-of-the-world-vine-and-wine-sector-april-2022-v6_0.pdf

Wikipedia:Maps for Wikipedia

Template:Graph:Map

Template:Maplink

Wikimedia mapping service uses Open Street Map

Wikipedia:WikiProject OpenStreetMap

Mediawiki: Help map

D:Wikidata map data

https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:Extension:Kartographer

Shelley Bay

In the 1820s and 1830s, a collection of peoples from multiple Māori iwi (tribes), including Te Āti Awa, Taranaki, Ngāti Ruanui, and Ngāti Tama, migrated to the region. This group became known as Taranaki Whānui ki te Upoko o te Ika. The village sited at the northern end of the bay was named Maru-Kai-Kuru.

In 1839 the bay was bought by the New Zealand Company along with most of Wellington. The deed of purchase would later be described as "seriously" flawed. It was in English only and had no map to define boundaries.

Breeding

Breeding takes place on the banks of forest streams, or near springs. Males establish and defend territories during the breeding season. After copulation takes place, the female lays eggs on shaded banks of streams, and attaches eggs to clumps of moss, using her ovipositor.

Possily useful source: Foods of harriers in a high country habitat findNZarticles partner logo Date 1970 By Douglas,M.J.W., Douglas,M.J.W. Source NOTORNIS 17(2):92-95, 1970

https://www.rnz.co.nz/national/programmes/ourchangingworld/audio/2018637996/dragonflies-masters-of-flight

Farewell Spit site investigations 1866

https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/TC18660112.2.13

https://en.tutiempo.net/climate/ws-938050.html

• Macara, G.R. (2013). "The Climate and Weather of Southland" (PDF). NIWA Science and Technology Series (63) (2 ed.). NIWA. ISSN 1173-0382. Retrieved 30 January 2023.

• Warne, Kennedy (July–August 2009). "Walking the line". NZ Geographic (098). Archived from the original on 25 December 2021.

https://www.doc.govt.nz/globalassets/documents/conservation/historic/by-region/southland/lighthouses-of-foveaux-straight.pdf

Historic area

• "Rakituma / Preservation Inlet Historic Area". Heritage New Zealand. Retrieved 30 January 2023.

plentiful bird life in early days at Puyseur Point: https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/EP19100326.2.142

Small coastal vessels were used to transport people and supplies between Westport and the Karamea harbour while the road was rebuilt.

In 1935, Karamea had a dairy factory manufacturing 300 tonnes of butter annually, and a sawmill producing around 20,000 feet (6,100 m) of timber daily.

https://www.stuff.co.nz/life-style/homed/housing-affordability/123576205/houses-haircuts-and-pies-hot-property-in-karamea

Complaints about Post service: https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/WEST18820117.2.4

Old unsourced content

The first true settlement of the area took place in 1874 when the (then) fine harbour and sea provided the only means of contact with the outside world. This original settlement was on the South Terrace but poor soil forced the inhabitants down to the river valley. One side of the river (Umere) was known as the Land of Promise, the other side (Arapito) as the Promised Land. Farming was to become a major industry, but timber, flax and gold mining also provided a means to a living.

41° 15′ 0″ S, 172° 7′ 0″ E

Munida gregaria article: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2021.635190/full

Managing pollutant inputs from pastoral dairy farming to maintain water quality of a lake in a high-rainfall catchment (Q59296334)

https://www.stuff.co.nz/business/farming/74828668/farmers-praised-for-clean-up-of-west-coasts-lake-brunner

https://www.stuff.co.nz/environment/127143103/water-quality-in-new-zealand-which-lakes-have-improved-and-how-can-we-learn-from-them

https://www.stuff.co.nz/business/farming/dairy/63264786/working-for-the-sake-of-the-lake

https://www.wcrc.govt.nz/environment/water/surface-water/lake-brunner-water-quality

https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/bites/291368/lake-brunner-achieves-water-quality-targets-early

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/00288231003606351?needAccess=true

https://localgovernmentmag.co.nz/lake-brunner-water-quality-enhancement-project/

Poerua settlement https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/GEST19010719.2.25

Flora

A unique aspect of Paparoa National Park is that it has a full sequence of undisturbed habitats from coastal to high alpine area. This leads to a wide variety of flora in the Park. Lowland forest covers about half of the total park area, but there are wide variations in the forest community depending on topography and lithography.

The coastal escarpments, and their extensions up the main river valleys, provide a mild, humid and frost-free environment. The river valleys are characterised by limestone escarpments, with steep sloping faces beneath. The forest type on these slopes is variable in height and composition.  Common species include the nikau palm (Rhopalostylis sapida), and tree ferns (especially black mamaku (Sphaeropteris medullaris)), pigeonwood, mahoe, kamahi and hinau, but nikau and black mamaku are often the most common. Above the steep slopes there are some large northern rata and rimu, with occasional miro.  Rimu and miro are mainly present on the more gentle slopes, while northern rata is the only emergent tree on the steeper slopes below escarpments.

The Barrytown syncline is a major geological feature of the park. There is a mixture of podocarp and beech forest on the dissected karst plateau between the coastal escarpments and the syncline basin. There are some unusual plant communities associated with the tomos and dolines on the karst plateau, possibly associated by local effects on temperature caused by the cave systems. The forest in the low-lying bed of the syncline is a mixed podocarp-beech type.

The forest on the inland limestone escarpment is similar to that of the coastal escarpments, with occasional northern rata and rimu above a canopy of broad-leaved trees, nikau and tree ferns. On river terraces, the forest is generally silver beech, with rimu on some older (higher) terraces.

Limestone underlies most of the Paparoa National Park and forms towering coastal cliffs, deep river canyons, caves and stacked coastal rocks. The Pancake Rocks and Blowholes at Dolomite Point, near Punakaiki, are the best known feature – a spectacular sight when the sea surges through blowholes at high tide.

ref>Donnell, Hayden (January–February 2021). "Our love affair with cats". NZ Geographic (167): 38–55. Archived from the original on 3 January 2022. Retrieved 3 January 2022.</ref>

24 km

Wikipedia:Village pump (proposals)/Archive 150#RfC: Delete IABot talk page posts?

Pollination

Pterostylis alobula flowers in winter when then are typically fewer insects than in summer. This could present a challenge for pollination. P. alobula is only pollinated by fungus gnats in the Zygomyia genus, a highly specified pollination strategy. The orchid uses P. alobula, like most Pterostylis, probably use 'sexual deception', attracting male fungus gnats to its flowers by copy-catting female fungus gnat pheromones. This isn't always successful - in one study (linked) just 3 of 73 individuals were pollinated- but on the occasion that it is some 500 tiny seeds could be released per fruit.

blah

from Pterostylis

the pollinator is a male fungus gnat of the genus Mycomya which attempts to copulate with the labellum, which produces the chemical attractant.) The insect then enters the flower and either because it has passed a balance point, or because it has touched a sensitive part of the labellum, the labellum moves forward trapping the insect between the column wings, the labellum and other flower parts. Observation of the insect's reaction to entrapment is difficult to observe, but in its struggle to escape, it either deposits pollinia from a previously visited flower or contacts the sticky viscidium and pollinia are attached, then carried to another flower. The features of an actively-moving labellum, along with the galea, are unique to these orchids

The Tekapo intake tunnel was 6,000 feet (1,800 m) long.

[1]

Sea level rise in New Zealand poses a significant threat to many communities, including New Zealand's larger population centres, and has major implications for infrastructure in coastal areas.

Industry bodies

In their response to the government decisions announced on 29 April 2022, the industry organisation Water New Zealand noted that water assets are largely invisible, because so much is beneath the ground, but that there is a serious infrastructure deficit in the water sector thoughout much of the country, estimated to be in the range $120-185 billion.

Banded dotterels - threats from cats

https://archive.gw.govt.nz/assets/Our-Environment/Environmental-monitoring/Environmental-Reporting/Forest-ecosytems-of-the-Wellington-region-reduced.pdf

Waimarie

https://www.nzherald.co.nz/whanganui-chronicle/news/waimarie-use-it-or-youll-lose-it-trust-warns/RJDE3Z5W5PEG7MR6FJ7TXCQHAY/

Return to the river: the salvage and restoration of P.S. Waimarie - a DVD

Video PS Waimarie "Queen Of The River" (1996) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ADiscbd9cJY&list=PLISLoGuRr-5AyDpjAP0BNfdznFndt0mWv&index=1

Westland petrel

Further damage to nesting areas occurred during Cyclone Fehi and Cyclone Gita in 2018.

Translocation to establish new colonies

Petrels, along with other types of seabird exhibit natal philopatry - they return to their natal colony to breed. This means that the loss of a breeding colony through predation, landslides or human interference can have severe consequences for the population. Conservation initiatives for endangered seabirds include attempts to establish new breeding colonies by translocation from existing colonies, and hand-feeding of the chicks before they fledge.

Burrow-nesting seabirds such as shearwaters play an important role in the ecosystem of many New Zealand islands. The birds enrich the soil in the breeding colony with nutrients from the sea through their guano and regurgitation. These nutrients feed invertebrates, and this in turn feeds lizards, tuatara and land birds. Translocation of chicks to establish new breeding colonies is part of long-term strategy to restore the environment including offshore islands that were once farmed but are now protected areas.

Fluttering shearwaters are relatively numerous and have a conservation status of Least Concern. However, they have been chosen as a suitable species for the development of translocation techniques, both for conservation of endangered burrow-nesting seabirds, and for long-term restoration of the environment in areas around the New Zealand coastline that have previously been degraded but are now protected.

Maud Island

Between 1991 and 1996, fluttering shearwater chicks were translocated between two islands in the Marlborough Sounds. Over the 5 year period, 334 chicks were translocated from an existing breeding colony at Long Island to Maud Island, a predator-free scientific reserve. Artificial burrows were constructed in advance at Maud Island, and the chicks were hand-fed at the new colony until they were ready to fledge.

It shows that birds that move to a new place before they become orientated to their natal site or artificially-housed will return to breed at the transfer place. The rate of birds that back to transfer sites is closely related to the weight of chicks and duration of time they spent at new colonies. Chicks at higher weight and spent more time in new colonies are more possible to back. Further research should focus more on increasing weight and length of stay time. The establishment of new colonies is good for the survival of fluttering shearwater and the management of endangered species.

Mana Island

Matiu Somes Island

https://www.esmap.org/sites/default/files/esmap-files/ACS20668-REVISED-PUBLIC-TCDISKOMENprintrevtiresiz.pdf

Sources

• Elvy, W.J. (1949). Kaikoura Coast: the history, traditions, and Māori place-names of Kaikoura. Hundalee Scenic Board.
• Sherrard, J.M. (1966). Kaikoura: a history of the district. Kaikoura County Council. ISBN 1-877151-27-0.

Lake Ferry

https://www.newzealand.com/us/feature/lake-ferry-lake-onoke between the shores of Lake Onoke and Palliser Bay. Settlement in this area dates back hundreds of years. Archaeological research suggests that there were people living here from the 12th century until about 1600. Later, Maori settlers came to live mainly around Lake Onoke and the adjoining lakes. European settlers brought sheep and cattle into this area in 1844, driving their stock along the coastal route from Wellington. These run holders were the first to establish pastoral farming in New Zealand. Following a drowning in 1850, a ferry service was established across Lake Onoke. The ferryman needed accommodation and a way to supplement his income, so he opened the Lake Ferry Hotel in 1851. Today Lake Ferry is a mixture of holiday homes and permanent residents. Nearby attractions include the Putangirua Pinnacles, Cape Palliser lighthouse and a seal colony. If you're in the area late afternoon, stay to watch the sun go down - Lake Ferry sunsets can be spectacular.

Red Rocks https://www.geotrips.org.nz/trip.html?id=458 https://www.newzealand.com/nz/feature/red-rocks-reserve/

Methven was originally the railhead of a short branch railway off the Main South Line. Branching off from Rakaia, the Methven Branch travelled through Lauriston and Lyndhurst to Methven and operated from 1880 until 1976. With the railway coming all the way into Methven, this led to more shopping opportunities in Methven without the need for a trip to Ashburton.

Other stuff

• Crowe, Andrew (2018). Pathway of the Birds: The Voyaging Achievements of the Maori and Their Polynesian Ancestors. David Bateman Ltd. ISBN 978-1-86953-961-0.

Otari Bio-blitz

Tidy up attractions and facilities and add reference

Tidy up fauna Native birds include tui, kereru, fantail, silver eye, kingfisher, grey warbler and morepork

Add content about restoration (quote from NZGeo)

The government then purchased the 3580 ha of land around the Pike River Mine. The environment minister Nick Smith announced on 15 November 2015 that the 3580 ha of land is to be added to the Paparoa National Park, and a 45 km walkway, the Pike 29 Memorial Track from Blackball to Punakaiki through the park constructed as a memorial to the 29 miners lost in the 2010 Pike River Mine disaster. .

After the re-entry, management of the mine area will return to the Department of Conservation, who are constructing a "Pike29 Memorial Track", in the adjacent Paparoa National Park.

https://www.doc.govt.nz/news/media-releases/2015/aotea-conservation-park-opened/

In the 12 months to February 2021, the average asking price for houses in the Wellington region rose 17% to $793,700. In Wellington city, the average asking price in February 2021 was $890,200. https://www.trademe.co.nz/c/property/news/house-prices-increase-by-100-000-in-12-months https://www.stuff.co.nz/life-style/homed/housing-affordability/124410237/wellington-citys-average-house-value-exceeds-1-million-and-the-rest-of-the-region-isnt-far-behind

Elwyn Welch with takahe and children at Mount Bruce

Personal life

https://www.malaghan.org.nz/news/half-marathon-winner/

I've represented New Zealand once before in 2011 in the 1500m at the World University Games in China where I finished 10th. I was hoping to qualify for the Olympics last year but missed out on the selection standard of 3.35.5 by 2.5 seconds. Hopefully I can make it to Rio and the Commonwealth Games in Scotland next year.

I entered AMI Round the Bays through the Malaghan Institute’s limited Run for Research entries and was really happy to support medical research by entering the event. I became familiar with the Malaghan Institute when I started studying at Victoria University in 2007 and in my opinion scientific research in general deserves more support because it leads to knowledge that benefits people in their everyday lives.

Friends of Queen Elizabeth Regional Park Kapiti Trust May 2012

, Hamish has for the past 10 years worked as a volunteer and part time Assistant ranger in QE Park while studying at Victoria. The Park has also provided a base for some of his training over the years and it is a familiar sight to see the long flowing hair as he bounds along at what appears to be a similar speed to the fleeing Hares! Recently Hamish has prepared a very comprehensive planting programme Queen Elizabeth Park has several km of beach feeding a very important lower North Island dune system. The sea thrashes the seaward dunes and is currently cutting into them severely. Just as Whareroa Farm (c 420 ha) is the upland catchment feeding some of our wetlands, the sea is the catchment feeding our beach and dunes. Have you ever thought how big that catchment is? Here is a calculation: Ecologically everything is connected to everything else, so An intriguing thought... for the Park for the next 2-3 years. This complements his comprehensive report and summary on all the restoration and revegetation projects carried out in QE Park over the past decade.

https://www.stuff.co.nz/manawatu-standard/news/300113567/nz-road-relay-champs-to-go-ahead-thanks-to-alert-level-1-move

External links

• Video of trail