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Repressed memory is a protective mechanism that excludes memory of painful experiences from consciousness awareness.^[1]^[2]

The term "substance abuser" is stigmatizing.^[3] For example, the American Psychiatric Association eliminated substance abuse and substance dependence as distinct diagnoses in DSM-5 because the science did not support the distinction.^[4]

^ "repression". APA Dictionary of Psychology. Retrieved 7 December 2022.
^ "Repression". Merriam-Webster Unabridged. Retrieved 7 December 2022. an idea, memory, or experience that has been extruded from consciousness into the unconscious
^ "Stigma of Addiction". www.hopkinsmedicine.org. Retrieved 2023-10-06.
^ Hasin, Deborah S.; O’Brien, Charles P.; Auriacombe, Marc; Borges, Guilherme; Bucholz, Kathleen; Budney, Alan; Compton, Wilson M.; Crowley, Thomas; Ling, Walter; Petry, Nancy M.; Schuckit, Marc; Grant, Bridget F. (2013). "DSM-5 Criteria for Substance Use Disorders: Recommendations and Rationale". American Journal of Psychiatry. 170 (8): 834–851. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2013.12060782. ISSN 0002-953X. PMC 3767415. PMID 23903334.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: PMC format (link)

[1] "repression". APA Dictionary of Psychology. Retrieved 7 December 2022.

[2] "Repression". Merriam-Webster Unabridged. Retrieved 7 December 2022. an idea, memory, or experience that has been extruded from consciousness into the unconscious

[3] "Stigma of Addiction". www.hopkinsmedicine.org. Retrieved 2023-10-06.

[4] Hasin, Deborah S.; O’Brien, Charles P.; Auriacombe, Marc; Borges, Guilherme; Bucholz, Kathleen; Budney, Alan; Compton, Wilson M.; Crowley, Thomas; Ling, Walter; Petry, Nancy M.; Schuckit, Marc; Grant, Bridget F. (2013). "DSM-5 Criteria for Substance Use Disorders: Recommendations and Rationale". American Journal of Psychiatry. 170 (8): 834–851. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2013.12060782. ISSN 0002-953X. PMC 3767415. PMID 23903334.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: PMC format (link)

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