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The IBM 9020 is an IBM System/360 computer adapted into a multiprocessor system for use by the U.S. FAA for Air Traffic Control. Systems were installed in the FAA's 20 en route Air Route Traffic Control Centers (ARTCCs), beginning in the late 1960s. The IBM 9020A, for example, was based on the 360/50 and the 9020D used two out of three or four 360/65 processors for flight and radar data processing with two out of three 360/50 processors providing input/output capability.

There were three operational variants of the 9020 system: 9020A CCC (Central Computer Complex); 9020D CCC; and 9020E DCC (Display Channel Complex). All the 9020A CCCs were attached to a non-IBM display complex, while the 9020D CCCs could be attached to either a non-IBM display complex or to the IBM 9020E DCC. The 9020A and 9020D CCCs carried out flight and radar data processing but needed an attached display complex to provide a plan view display to the air traffic controllers.^[1]

Each ARTCC had a System Maintenance Monitor Console (SMMC) that brought together the status indications of the installed 9020 system(s) as well as related components, such as environmental systems and communications links.

A maximum configuration CCC/DCC complex contained 12 IBM S/360 mainframes. Not all FAA ARTCCs, of which there were 20 (plus one in the UK), had the maximum configuration.

ARTCC System Configurations
ARTCC	CCC	Display
Albuquerque	IBM 9020A	Raytheon 730
Atlanta	IBM 9020D	Raytheon 730
Boston	IBM 9020A	Raytheon 730
Chicago	IBM 9020D	IBM 9020E
Cleveland	IBM 9020D	IBM 9020E
Denver	IBM 9020A	Raytheon 730
Fort Worth	IBM 9020D	IBM 9020E
Houston	IBM 9020A	Raytheon 730
Indianapolis	IBM 9020D	Raytheon 730
Jacksonville	IBM 9020D	Raytheon 730
Kansas City	IBM 9020D	Raytheon 730
Los Angeles	IBM 9020D	Raytheon 730
Memphis	IBM 9020A	Raytheon 730
Miami	IBM 9020A	Raytheon 730
Minneapolis	IBM 9020A	Raytheon 730
New York City	IBM 9020D	IBM 9020E
Oakland	IBM 9020A	Raytheon 730
Salt Lake City	IBM 9020A	Raytheon 730
Seattle	IBM 9020A	Raytheon 730
Washington DC	IBM 9020D	IBM 9020E
London (United Kingdom)	IBM 9020D	Plessey PRDS

Longevity and follow-on systems

The 9020As and 9020Ds were in service in North America until 1989 when they were finally replaced by IBM 3083 BX1 mainframes as part of the FAA's HOST Computer System (HCS) upgrade.^[2]^[3] The 3083s in turn were replaced with IBM 9672 RA4 parallel processing servers during the FAA's Host and Oceanic Computer System Replacement (HOCSR) completed in 1999. One reason for the 1999 upgrade was concern, probably unfounded, that the IBM 3083's microcode would not operate properly in the year 2000.^[3] At least during the first phase of the upgrade, the 9672s were running the FAA's original assembly language code in System/360 emulation mode. Because of the failure of the FAA's Advanced Automation System (AAS) project, the 9020E Display Channel Complexes lasted well into the 1990s.

NATS in the UK had a 9020D system in service running NAS from 1974 to 1989, at which time NAS was rehosted on to an IBM 4381 system. This system was known as the Host Computer System (HCS), and it retained the System/360 technology Peripheral Adapter Modules (PAMs) from the 9020D. The three PAMs (IBM 7289s) were switched off for the last time 27 November 1997 when their replacement (SPRINT) came into service.

Sources

An application-oriented multiprocessing system, Part II: Design characteristics of the 9020 system
"IBM FAA 360/65-9020 display". Stanford University Computer History museum. Retrieved June 2, 2010. pictures of 9020E being recycled
"Switches go to 'off' to mark the end of an era". UK Civil Aviation Authority staff newspaper. Article about the PAM final switch-off

References

^ New Scientist 17 July 1980 p. 190.
^ "Advanced Automation Program HOST Computer System Acquisition Phase Acceptance Test Report" (PDF). August 1987.
^ ^a ^b "Air Traffic Control: FAA Plans to Replace Its Host Computer System Because Future Availability Cannot Be Assured" (PDF). May 1, 1998.

Category:Air traffic control 9020

[1] New Scientist 17 July 1980 p. 190.

[2] "Advanced Automation Program HOST Computer System Acquisition Phase Acceptance Test Report" (PDF). August 1987.

[host-replacement-3] "Air Traffic Control: FAA Plans to Replace Its Host Computer System Because Future Availability Cannot Be Assured" (PDF). May 1, 1998.

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