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EVs in Costa Rica

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As of January 2015, the Costa Rican stock of electric drive vehicles consisted of 477 hybrid electric vehicles and 2,229 electric vehicles. Plug-in car sales totaled 108 units in 2016.[1] The top selling model was the Outlander P-HEV with 60 units.[1]

In 2006 electric cars were exempted from the consumption tax, while conventional vehicles faced a 30% rate. In October 2012, electric cars were exempted from San José's driving restriction.[2] EVs were exempted from import duties and the government agreed to deploy charging stations in strategic locations in San José.[3]

The first electric car to go on sale was the REVAi, introduced in March 2009. The REVAi, powered by lead–acid batteries, sold 10 units.[4] The Mitsubishi i MiEV was launched in February 2011, with initial availability of 25 to 50 units.[5][6][7]

Tables in development

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Color palette

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Color palette
white grey pink lilac purple
red orange yellow green blue
red+ orange+ yellow+ green+ blue+

In January 2013 the Costa Rican Ministry of Environment and Energy deployed 200 electric SUVs for use as "green taxis." Electric/hybrid cars sold in Costa Rica include the BYD Qin (November 2013),[8][9] Mitsubishi Outlander (March 2015)[10] and BMW i3 (September 2016).[11]

Market penetration in top selling countries

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Plug-in electric vehicle market penetration per 1,000 people
in top selling PEV countries as of September 2013
Country PEV
fleet		 Population
as of 1 July 2013[12]
(millions)		 PEV
market
penetration		 Comments Evolution of EV market share
of total new car sales
2011 2012 2013[13]
 United States[14][15][16][17] 141,543 320.05 0.44 Sales between 2008 and September 2013.
Includes only plug-in electric cars.		 0.14% 0.37% 0.58%
 Japan 62,590 127.14 0.49 Sales since July 2009 through September 2013.
Includes plug-in electric cars and all-electric utility vans.		 0.16%
 China 39,800 1,386.57 0.03 Sales through June 2013
Includes all-electric buses.		 0.050%
 France[18] 24,772 64.29 0.39 Registrations between 2010 and September 2013
Includes only all-electric cars and utility vans.		 0.30% 0.48%
 Norway[19][20] 15,502 5.04 3.07 Registrations between 2008 and September 2013
Includes plug-in electric cars and some city cars, particularly before 2011.		 2.275% 4.02%
 Netherlands[21][22] 12,309 16.76 0.73 Registrations between 2009 and September 2013.
Includes plug-in cars and all-electric commercial vans.		 0.570% 0.82%
 Germany[23][24] 10,446 82.73 0.13 Sales between 2010 and September 2013.
Includes plug-in electric cars and all-electric utility vans.		 0.105% 0.19%
 United Kingdom 7,285 63.14 0.12 Registrations between 2006 and June 2013.
Until 2010 includes all-electric cars and heavy quadricycles.
From 2011 on includes only plug-in electric cars and all-electric utility vans.		 0.084% 0.14%
 Canada[25] 4,738 35.18 0.13 Sales between 2011 and September 2013.
Includes only plug-in electric cars.		 NA
 Sweden 2,632 9.57 0.27 Sales between 2010 and September 2013.
Includes only plug-in electric cars.		 0.33% 0.56%
Total top markets(1) 321,617 - 0.15 September 2013
Note (1) Plug-in electric vehicle fleets include only highway-capable vehicles except where noted in comments.

EV top selling manufacturers

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Top selling plug-in electric cars and commercial vans

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Top selling highway-capable plug-in electric cars and light
utility vehicles produced since 2008 through September 2013(1)
Model Market
launch		 Global
sales		 Sales
through
Renault-Nissan Alliance 112,285 Sept 2013
General Motors 60,000 Sept 2013
Toyota Motor Company 40,000 Sept 2013
Mitsubishi Motors 36,500 Sept 2013
Tesla Motors 19,500 Sept 2013
Ford Motor Company 12,355 Sept 2013
Volvo 2,500 Sept 2013
Total
Notes: (1)


Volt/Ampera family sales by top markets

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The following table presents retail sales of the Volt/Ampera family through December 2013 for the top selling national markets by year since deliveries began in December 2010. Demonstration vehicles allocated to dealerships are not included in retail sales reports while they are used for test drives.

Registration of Chevrolet Volt family vehicles by top national markets
between 2010 and 2013
(includes Chevrolet Volt and Opel/Vauxhall Ampera sales)
Country Total Volt/Ampera
family
2010-2013		 Cumulative sales
2010-2013		 Total sales
2013		 Total sales
2012		 Total sales
2011		 Total sales
2010
Volt Ampera Volt Ampera Volt Ampera Volt Ampera Volt
 United States[14][26][27] 54,552 54,552 n.a. 23,094 n.a. 23,461 n.a. 7,671 n.a. 326
 Netherlands[28][29][30] 5,980 1,058 4,922 745 2,218 306 2,696 7 8 n.a.
 Canada[31] 2,431 2,431 n.a. 931 n.a. 1,225 n.a. 275 n.a.
 Germany[32][23][33] 1,477 73 1,404 25 335 23 828 25 241
 UK[34][35][36][37] 699(1) 90 609 23 150 67 455 n.a. 4
 Switzerland[38] 535 189 346 71 73 92 258 26 15
 France[39][40] 304 57 247 15 57 42 190 n.a.
 Belgium[41][42] 241 40 201 3 31 37 170 n.a.
 Norway[43][20] 230 1 229 0 88 1 141 n.a.
 Austria[44] 226 19 207 4 42 15 165 n.a.
 Australia[45][46] 181 181 n.a. 101 n.a. 80 n.a. n.a.
 Sweden[47][48] 149 40 109 7 21 33 88 n.a.
Total top markets 67,005 58,731 8,274 25,019 3,015 25,382 4,991 8,004 268 326
Notes: n.a. = Model not available in that market. (1) Sales in the UK through June 2013.


As of June 2014, with combined global sales of over 77,000 units, the Volt/Ampera family of vehicles is the world's second best selling plug-in electric car ever, after the Nissan Leaf, which has sold about 125,000 units worldwide by early July 2014.[49][50] The Volt/Ampera family was the world's best selling plug-in electric car in 2012 with 31,400 units sold, and ranked in the 432nd place among all models sold worldwide in 2012.[51][52] The Opel/Vauxhall Ampera was Europe's top selling plug-in electric car in 2012 with 5,268 units, representing a market share of 21.5% of the region's plug-in electric passenger car segment.[53][54] However, during 2013 Ampera sales fell 40%, and the declining trend continued during the first half of 2014.[55]

As of June 2014, global Volt/Ampera family sales are led by the Chevrolet Volt, with the United States as the main market with 63,167 units sold,[56] followed by Canada with 3,262 units,[31] and the Netherlands with 1,060 Volts delivered.[57] A total of 9,189 Opel/Vauxhall Amperas have been sold in Europe through June 2014,[53][55][58] with registrations led by the Netherlands with 4,942 units,[57] followed by Germany with 1,450 units sold.[32][23][33][59]

The following tables present retail sales of the Volt and Ampera varinats through June 2014 for the top selling national markets by year since deliveries began in December 2010. Demonstration vehicles allocated to dealerships are not included in retail sales reports while they are used for test drives.

Registration/sales of Chevrolet/Holden Volt vehicles
by top national markets between 2010 and June 2014
Country Total
2010-2014(1)		 Total
2014(1)		 Total
2013		 Total
2012		 Total
2011		 Total
2010
 United States[56][14][26][27] 63,167 8,615 23,094 23,461 7,671 326
 Canada[31] 3,262 831 931 1,225 275 n.a.
 Netherlands[57][28][60] 1,060 2 745 306 7
 Switzerland[61] 223 34 71 92 26
 Australia[45][46][62] 216 35 101 80 n.a.
 UK[34][35][36][37] 90(2) - 23(2) 67 n.a.
 Germany[32][23][33][59] 73 0 25 23 25
 France[39][40][63] 57 0 15 42 n.a.
 Belgium[41][42][64] 40 0 3 37 n.a.
 Sweden[47][48][65] 40 0 7 33 n.a.
Total top markets 68,228 9,517 25,015 25,366 8,004 326
Notes: (1) CYTD: current year-to-date sales through June 2014. (2) Sales in the UK through June 2013.
Registration/sales of Opel/Vauxhall Ampera vehicles
by top national markets between 2011 and June 2014
Country Total
2011-2014(1)		 Total
2014(1)		 Total
2013		 Total
2012		 Total
2011
 Netherlands[57][28][60] 4,942 20 2,218 2,696 8
 Germany[32][23][33][59] 1,450 46 335 828 241
 UK[34][35][36][37] 609(2) - 150(2) 455 4
 Switzerland[61] 390 44 73 258 15
 France[39][40][63] 367 120 57 190 n.a.
 Norway[43][20][66] 244 15 88 141 n.a.
 Belgium[41][42][67] 206 5 31 170 n.a.
 Austria[44][68] 225 18 42 165 n.a.
 Sweden[47][48][65] 122 13 21 88 n.a.
Total top markets 8,544 270 3,015 4,991 268
Total global sales[53][55][58] 9,189 433 3,184 5,268 304
Notes: (1) CYTD: current year-to-date sales through June 2014. (2) Sales in the UK through June 2013.

2008-2012 Global sales plug-in hybrids

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Plug-in hybrid global sales and top markets by country or region
between December 2008 and 2012 CYTD(1)
Model All-electric
range		 Market
launch		 Global sales Top selling markets
Country Sales Comment
Chevrolet Volt/
Opel Ampera/
Vauxhall Ampera		 35 mi (56 km) December 2010 More than
33,000		  United States 27,306 Chevrolet Volts sold through October 2012.[69][70][71]
 Netherlands 2,416 2,175 Amperas and 241 Volts sold through October 2012.[72][73]
 Canada 1,350 Chevrolet Volts sold through October 2012.[74]
 Germany 1,060 1,012 Amperas and 48 Volts sold through October 2012.[32][23]
 United Kingdom 414 361 Amperas and 53 Volts sold through September 2012.[34][75]
 Switzerland 356 253 Amperas and 103 Volts sold through October 2012.[76]
Toyota Prius PHV 11 mi (18 km) January 2012 21,600[77]  United States 9,623 Sales through October 2012.[71]
 Japan 9,500 Sales through October 2012.[77]
European Union Europe 1,820 Sales through September 2012.[78]
Fisker Karma 32 mi (51 km) November 2011 Around 1,500 United States and Europe. Sales by September 2012.[79]
BYD F3DM 60 mi (97 km) December 2008 Over 1,000 China. Sales through October 2011.[80]
Ford C-Max Energi 21 mi (34 km) October 2012 144 United States. Sales through October 2012.[71]
Total global plug-in hybrid sales
(1): Sales from December 2008 through October 2012		 More than 57,000  United States More than 38,000 Sales through October 2012.
 Japan 9,500 Sales through October 2012.
European Union Europe More than 8,000 Sales through October 2012.
 China More than 1,000 Sales through October 2011.

Volt/Ampera production

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Volt/Ampera Family Production
(2010-2012)
Model Total
2010-12		 2012(1) 2011 2010
Chevrolet Volt 38,416 22,687 14,510 1,219
Opel Ampera 9,230 6,625 2,605 -
Total production 47,646 29,312 17,115 1,219
Production by model year (MY)
Model Total(1) MY 2013 MY 2012 MY 2011
Chevrolet Volt 38,416 12,629 21,299 4,488
Opel Ampera 9,230 2,093 7,137 -
Total production 47,646 14,722 28,436 4,488
Source: General Motors.[81][82][83] Note: (1): CYTD through November 2012.

Nissan Leaf sales 2010-2013 CYTD by country

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A total of 83,000 Leafs have been sold worldwide through September 2013. [84] The following table presents retail sales since deliveries of the Nissan Leaf began in December 2010 for the top selling national markets by year through September 2013.

Nissan Leaf sales by top national markets
between 2010 and 2013 CYTD(1)
Country Total 2013
CYTD(1)		 2012 2011 2010
 United States[14][15][16][17] 35,588 16,076 9,819 9,674 19
 Japan[84][85][86][87][88] 30,000 8,556 11,115 10,310 19
 Norway[19][20] 5,710 3,039 2,298 373  
 UK(2)[89][37] 2,159 825 699 635  
 France[18] 1,565 958 524 83  
 Germany[23][24] 1,172 721 451    
 Netherlands[21][22] 860 301 265 294  
 Canada[25] 792 382 240 170  
 Spain[90][91][92] 376 163 154 59  
 Italy[93][94][95] 375 224 146 5  
 Sweden[96][97] 347 218 129    
Total top markets(1) 78,944 31,463 25,840 21,603 38
Note (1) CYTD: Calendar year to day, as of September 30, 2013. (2) UK sales through June 2013.

European market share BEVs versus PHEVs

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Market share of 2012 global sales
of highway-capable BEVs and PHEVs by country[98]
All-electric cars Plug-in hybrid cars
Ranking Country Market
share(1) 		Ranking Country Market
share(1)
1  Japan 28% 1  United States 70%
2  United States 26% 2  Japan 12%
3  China 16% 3  Netherlands 8%
4  France 11% 4  Canada 2%
5  Norway 7% 5  China 2%
Note: (1) Market share as % total global sales of pure electric cars or plug-in hybrids.

European market share by country 2011-2012

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Plug-in electric car market penetration in 20 selected European countries[99]
(Total registrations during 2011 and 2012)
Ranking Country PEV
market
share(1)
(%) 		PEVs
registered
2011-12(1) 		Total vehicle
registrations 		Ranking Country PEV
market
share(1)
(%) 		PEVs
registered
2011-12(1) 		Total vehicle
registrations
1  Norway 2.275% 6,287 276,312 11  Czech Republic 0.146% 507 347,291
2  Estonia 1.723% 562 32,617 12  Slovakia 0.110% 156 142,099
3  Portugal 0.905% 2,250 248,713 13  Belgium 0.108% 1,148 1,058,948
4  Austria 0.711% 4,924 692,155 14  Germany 0.105% 6,553 6,256,138
5  Netherlands 0.570% 6,030 1,058,390 15  United Kingdom 0.084% 3,342 3,985,862
6  Poland 0.2980% 1,640 551,016 16  Spain 0.057% 863 1,507,640
7  Denmark 0.290% 987 340,799 17  Latvia 0.051% 13 25,636
8  Switzerland 0.227% 1,472 647,097 18  Bulgaria 0.036% 14 38,541
9  France 0.219% 8,989 4,102,989 19  Hungary 0.035% 34 98,162
10  Sweden 0.193% 1,128 584,883 20  Greece 0.001% 2 156,164
Note (1) Market penetration of highway-capable plug-in electric passenger cars, only includes pure electric cars and plug-in hybrids.

Top selling plug-in electric cars and commercial vans

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Top selling highway-capable plug-in electric cars and light
utility vehicles produced since 2008 through September 2013(1)
Model Market
launch		 Global
sales		 Sales
through
Nissan Leaf[84] Dec 2010 83,000 Sept 2013
Chevrolet Volt Dec 2010 60,000 Sept 2013
Toyota Prius Plug-in Hybrid Dec 2010 40,000 Sept 2013
Mitsubishi i-MiEV family[100][101] Jul 2009 26,000 Sept 2013
Tesla Model S[102][103] Jun 2012 18,200 Sept 2013
Renault Kangoo Z.E.[104] Oct 2011 11,069 Sept 2013
Chery QQ3 EV[105][106] Mar 2010 7,105 June 2013
Ford C-Max Energi Oct 2012 6,796 Sept 2013
Renault Zoe[104] Dec 2012 6,594 Sept 2013
Mitsubishi Outlander P-HEV Jan 2013 5,865 Sept 2013
JAC J3 EV[106][107][108] 2010 4,918 June 2013
Mitsubishi Minicab MiEV(2) Dec 2011 4,814 Aug 2013
Smart electric drive(3) 2009 4,387 Sept 2013
Renault Fluence Z.E.[104] 2011 3,715 Sept 2013
Ford Fusion Energi Feb 2013 3,401 Sept 2013
BYD F3DM Dec 2008 2,948 June 2013
BYD e6[109][110][111] May 2010 2,854 June 2013
Volvo V60 Plug-in Hybrid Nov 2012 2,508 Sept 2013
Tesla Roadster[112][113] Mar 2008 ~ 2,500 Dec 2012
Bolloré Bluecar[18] Dec 2011 2,300 Sept 2013
Ford Focus Electric Dec 2011 2,174 Sept 2013
Fisker Karma Nov 2011 ~ 2,100 Sept 2013
Notes: (1) The REVAi/G-Wiz i and REVA L-ion, with less than 5,000 units sold
between 2001 and 2012[114] is not included because it is considered a heavy
quadricycle or NEV in some countries while a regular electric car in others.
(2) Minicab includes combined sales of van and truck versions.[101]
(3) Smart ED sales includes Germany, U.S., France, the Netherlands
and Italy.[18][115][116][117][118][119][120][121][122][123]
Total top selling > 2K = 303,250

Top selling all-electric cars

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Top selling highway-capable electric cars and light
utility vehicles produced since 2008 through June 2013(1)
Model Market
launch		 Global
sales		 Sales
through
Nissan Leaf[124][125][126] Dec 2010 > 69,000 June 2013
Mitsubishi i-MiEV family[100][101] Jul 2009 ~ 25,600 June 2013
Tesla Model S[102] Jun 2012 12,700 June 2013
Renault Kangoo Z.E.[104] Oct 2011 9,633 June 2013
Chery QQ3 EV[105][106] Mar 2010 7,105 June 2013
JAC J3 EV[106][127][108] 2010 4,918 June 2013
Renault Zoe[104] Dec 2012 4,818 June 2013
Mitsubishi Minicab MiEV(2) Dec 2011 4,627 June 2013
Renault Fluence Z.E.[104] 2011 3,518 June 2013
Smart electric drive(3) 2009 > 3,100 June 2013
BYD e6[109][110][111] May 2010 2,854 June 2013
Tesla Roadster[112][113] Mar 2008 ~ 2,500 Dec 2012
Bolloré Bluecar[18] Dec 2011 2,200 June 2013
Notes: (1) The REVAi/G-Wiz i and REVA L-ion, with less than 5,000 units sold
between 2001 and 2012[128] is not included because it is considered a heavy
quadricycle or NEV in some countries while a regular electric car in others.
(2) Minicab includes combined sales of van and truck versions.[101]
(3) Smart ED sales includes Germany, U.S., France, the Netherlands
and Italy.[18][115][116][117][118][119][120][121][122][123]
Top selling highway-capable electric cars and light
utility vehicles produced since 2008 through June 2014(1)
Model Market
launch		 Global
sales		 Sales
through
Nissan Leaf[129] Dec 2010 ~ 120,000 Jun 2014
Tesla Model S[102][130][131][132][133] Jun 2012 39,163 Jun 2014
Mitsubishi i-MiEV family[134] Jul 2009 32,000 Jul 2014
Renault Kangoo Z.E.[135] Oct 2011 14,542 Jun 2014
Renault Zoe[135] Dec 2012 12,631 Jun 2014
Chery QQ3 EV[105][136][137] Mar 2010 ~ 11,528 Mar 2014
Smart electric drive(3) 2009 ~ 8,800 Jun 2014
BMW i3[138][139] Nov 2013 6,873 Jun 2014
JAC J3 EV[137][140][141][108] 2010 6,731 Mar 2014
Mitsubishi Minicab MiEV(2) Dec 2011 5,662 Jun 2014
Kandi EV[142] 2013 5,329 Jun 2014
BYD e6(4) May 2010 5,059 Jun 2014
Volkswagen e-Up![143][144] Oct 2013 4,952 Jun 2014
Renault Fluence Z.E.[135] 2011 3,894 Jun 2014
Ford Focus Electric(5) Dec 2011 3,327 Jun 2014
Bolloré Bluecar[145] Dec 2011 3,131 Jun 2014
Tesla Roadster[112][113] Mar 2008 ~ 2,500 Dec 2012
Notes: (1) The REVAi/G-Wiz i and REVA L-ion, with about 4,600 units sold
between 2001 and 2013[146] is not included because it is considered a heavy
quadricycle or NEV in some countries while a regular electric car in others.
(2) Minicab includes combined sales of van and truck versions.[147][148]
(3) Smart ED sales includes over 2,300 units of the second generation
registered through 2012,[149] and over 6,500 units of the third generation sold
through June 2014.[150][151]
(4) Sales in main China only.[109][110][152][153] (5) U.S. sales only.[116][27][154][155]

Brazilian motorization rates

[edit]
Comparison of the evolution of motorization rates in selected
Brazilian cities between 2002 and 2012
(light-duty vehicles per 1000 people)
City Motorization rate Growth
2002-2012		 Registered LDV fleet Growth
total fleet
2002 2012 2002 2012
São Paulo 346.7 488.3 40.8% 3,675,101 5,555,393 61.3%
Rio de Janeiro 224.8 307.4 36.8% 1,334,593 1,964,592 58.7%
Salvador 130.4 218.9 67.9% 328,579 593,407 98.1%
Brasília (DF) 284.1 448.7 58.0% 609,566 1,188,526 106.4%
Fortaleza 142.4 226.7 59.2% 316,112 566,686 108.9%
Belo Horizonte 275.3 513.4 86.5% 628,851 1,229,925 104.7%
Curitiba 399.5 626.4 56.8% 657,068 1,112,875 77.1%
Recife 174.8 269.8 54.3% 253,284 419,473 90.0%
Porto Alegre 312.1 441.1 41.3% 431,799 624,852 53.5%
Florianópolis 359.3 524.6 46.0% 129,568 227,232 88.6%
 Brazil 148.8 258.9 73.9% 25,993,155 50,209,194 122.1%

Electric-drive vehicle graphs

[edit]
Historical trend of U.S. plug-in electric vehicle cumulative sales from December 2010 through September 2013.[156][157]
Historical trend of U.S. cumulative HEV sales from 1999 to September 2013.[158][15][26][159]
U.S. top selling HEV models with market share
(January-September 2013)

References check box

[edit]
  1. ^ a b Jose, Pontes (2017-01-27). "Costa Rica December 2016". EVSales.com. Retrieved 2017-02-13.
  2. ^ Camila Salazar (2013-07-06). "Carros híbridos y eléctricos se abren paso en Costa Rica" [Hybrid and electric cars make their way in Costa Rica]. La Nación (San José) (in Spanish). Retrieved 2013-07-06.
  3. ^ Daniela Garcia (2013-01-21). "MINAE anuncia convenio para insertar taxis "verdes" en el país" [Ministry of Environment and Energy announces agreement to introduce green taxis] (in Spanish). Costa Rica Hoy. Retrieved 2013-05-01.
  4. ^ Alejandro Arley Vargas (2009-04-27). "En mes y medio venden 10 carros eléctricos" [Ten electric cars sold in month and a half]. Al Día (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 2010-05-02. Retrieved 2012-10-26.
  5. ^ "Carro 100% eléctrico i-miev ya recorre las calles del país" [i-MiEV 100% electric car is already on the country roads]. La Nación (San José) (in Spanish). Rebeca Madrigal. 2011-02-26. Retrieved 2011-02-26.
  6. ^ "i-MiEV Goes on Sale in Costa Rica". Green Car Congress. 2011-02-28. Retrieved 2011-03-02.
  7. ^ "Mitsubishi lanza auto eléctrico en Costa Rica" [Mitsubishi launches electric car in Costa Rica]. La Nación (San José) (in Spanish). ACAN-EFE. 2010-12-14. Retrieved 2011-01-12.
  8. ^ Beatriz Nuñez. "BYD Presenta su Auto Híbrido Qin" [BYD Presents its Hybrid Car Qin] (in Spanish). Puro Motor. Archived from the original on 2013-12-16. Retrieved 2013-12-16.
  9. ^ John Voelcker (2013-12-09). "BYD Qin PHEV Now On Sale In Costa Rica". Green Car Reports. Retrieved 2013-12-16.
  10. ^ Cristina Fallas (2015-03-06). "Expomóvil abre una vitrina para exhibir lo nuevo del mercado" [Expomóvil auto show opens a showcase to display what is new in the market]. La Nación (San José) (in Spanish). Retrieved 2015-03-09.
  11. ^ Herrera, Walter (2016-06-02). "BMW presenta su primer vehículo eléctrico en el país" [BMW presents its first electric vehicle in the country]. La República (in Spanish). Retrieved 2016-09-24.
  12. ^ Worldometers
  13. ^ [http://www.elbil.no/elbiler/1144-manedsrekord-for-europeisk-elbilsalg
  14. ^ a b c d "December 2010 Dashboard: Year End Tally". HybridCars.com. 2011-01-07. Retrieved 2011-02-02.
  15. ^ a b c Cite error: The named reference Sales2011US was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  16. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference PEVUSales1212 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  17. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference PEVSales092013 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  18. ^ a b c d e f Autoactu.com. "Chiffres de vente & immatriculations de voitures électriques en France" [Sales figures & electric car registrations in France] (in French). Automobile Propre. Retrieved 2013-10-08. See "Ventes de voitures électriques en 2013/2012/2011." Cite error: The named reference "SalesFR2010_13" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  19. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference NorwaySales2011_12 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  20. ^ a b c d Staff (2014-01-08). "Over 20.000 ladbare biler på norske veier" [Over 20,000 rechargeable electric cars on Norwegian road] (in Norwegian). Grønn bil. Retrieved 2014-01-25. A total of 94 Amperas were registered in 2013, of which 88 were new cars and 6 were used imports form neighboring countries. One used Volt was also registered.
  21. ^ a b RAI. "Verkoopstatistieken -nieuwverkoop personenautos" [Sales Statistics - New passenger car sales] (in Dutch). RAI Vereniging. Retrieved 2013-06-05. Download pdf file for detailed sales in 2011 ("Download nieuwverkoop personenautos 201112"), 2012 ("Download nieuwverkoop personenautos 201212") and 2013 ("Download nieuwverkoop personenautos 201304").
  22. ^ a b RAI (October 2013). "Verkoopcijfers september 2013 - Modellenoverzicht" [Sales September 2013 -Models overview] (in Dutch). Auto Week Netherlands. Retrieved 2013-10-08.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link) Table shows September and August 2013 sales.
  23. ^ a b c d e f g Kraftfahrt-Bundesamtes (KBA) (January 2013). "Neuzulassungen von Personenkraftwagen im Dezember 2012 nach Marken und Modellreihen" [New registrations of passenger cars in December 2012 by make and model series] (PDF). KBA (in German). Retrieved 2013-01-14.
  24. ^ a b Kraftfahrt-Bundesamtes (KBA) (2013-10-08). "Neuzulassungen von Personenkraftwagen im September 2013 nach Segmenten und Modellreihen" [New registrations of passenger cars in September 2013 by segment and model series] (PDF) (in German). KBA. Retrieved 2013-10-08.
  25. ^ a b "Chevrolet Volt Sales Figures". Good Car Bad Car. 2013-10-02. Retrieved 2013-10-08.
  26. ^ a b c "GM's U.S. Sales up 5 percent in December". General Motors Media. 2013-01-03. Retrieved 2013-01-03. Click on the link Downloads: Deliveries-December-2012.pdf - See GM U.S. Deliveries for December 2012: 7,671 units in 2011 and 23,461 in 2012.
  27. ^ a b c Jeff Cobb (2014-01-06). "December 2013 Dashboard". HybridCars.com and Baum & Associates. Retrieved 2014-01-23. Cite error: The named reference "Sales2013US" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  28. ^ a b c Rijksdienst voor Ondernemend Nederland (RVO) (January 2014). "Cijfers elektrich vervoer - Aantal per type voertuig (31-12-2013) and Cijfers elektrisch vervoer - Top 5 geregistreerde modellen elektrische auto" [Figures electric transport- Number per type of vehicle (30-12-2013) and Top 5 models registered electric vehicle] (PDF) (in Dutch). RVO (Dutch National Office for Enterprising). Retrieved 2014-01-25.
  29. ^ RAI (January 2012). "Verkoopstatistieken 2011 - nieuwverkoop personenautos" [Sales Statistics 2011 - New passenger car sales] (in Dutch). RAI Vereniging. Retrieved 2014-01-23. Download pdf file for detailed sales in 2011 ("Download nieuwverkoop personenautos 201112").
  30. ^ RAI (2014-01-24). "Verkoopstatistieken - nieuwverkoop personenautos" [Sales Statistics - New passenger car sales] (in Dutch). RAI Vereniging. Retrieved 2014-01-25. Download pdf file for detailed sales in 2012 ("Download nieuwverkoop personenautos 201212"), and 2013 ("Download nieuwverkoop personenautos 201312").
  31. ^ a b c Cite error: The named reference CanadaSales was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  32. ^ a b c d e Kraftfahrt-Bundesamtes (KBA). "Neuzulassungen von Personenkraftwagen im Dezember 2011 nach Segmenten und Modellreihen" [New registrations of passenger cars in December 2011 by segment and model lines] (PDF). KBA (in German). Retrieved 2012-10-15. A total of 241 Amperas and 25 Volts were sold through December 2011. Cite error: The named reference "SalesGer2011" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  33. ^ a b c d Cite error: The named reference SalesGermany2013 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  34. ^ a b c d "UK First Quarter 2012: Now with Top 316 models Ranking!". Best Selling Car Blog. 2012-05-01. Retrieved 2012-05-05. A total of 4 Amperas were sold in 2011. Cite error: The named reference "SalesUK2011" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  35. ^ a b c Mat Gasnier (2013-02-01). "UK Full Year 2012: Now with Top 350 All-models ranking!". Best Selling Cars Blog. Retrieved 2013-02-07.A total of 455 Amperas and 67 Volts were sold in 2012.
  36. ^ a b c Mat Gasnier (2013-05-07). "UK January-March 2013: Discover the Top 328 best-sellers!". Best Selling Cars Blog. Retrieved 2013-05-19.
  37. ^ a b c d Jay Nagley (2013-09-16). "Price cut to jolt Vauxhall Ampera sales". Autocar. Retrieved 2013-10-02. 150 Amperas and 23 Volts were sold during the first half of 2013. Cite error: The named reference "UKSales1H2013" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  38. ^ Vereinigung Scheweizer Automobil-Importeure. "Autoverkäufe nach Modellen" [Passenger cars by model - Statistic by model cars in 2013] (in German). Auto Schweiz Suisse. Retrieved 2014-01-25. Under "Modellstatistik" download the xls file for "Januar–Dezember 2013" cumulative sales are presented in tabs by month: Dez (2013). Click the tabs "2012 Statistik" and "2011 Statistik" to download the files with 2012 and 2011 sales by model.
  39. ^ a b c Michaël Torregrossa (2013-01-15). "Voitures hybrides – Le bilan des immatriculations 2012 en France" [Hybrid Cars - The balance of 2012 registrations in France]. Association pour l'Avenir du Véhicule Electrique Méditerranéen (AVEM) (in French). Retrieved 2013-01-15.
  40. ^ a b c Michaël Torregrossa (2014-01-19). "Hybride rechargeable – Le marché français stagne en 2013" [Rechargeable hybrids - The French market stagnated in 2013] (in French). Association pour l'Avenir du Véhicule Electrique Méditerranéen (AVEM). Retrieved 2014-01-25.
  41. ^ a b c "Belgium November 2012: Discover the Top 338 All-models ranking". Best Selling Car Blog. 2012-12-04. Retrieved 2012-12-07.
  42. ^ a b c Jose Pontes (2014-01-18). "Belgium December 2013". EV Sales. Retrieved 2014-01-25.
  43. ^ a b "Over 10.000 ladbare biler på norske veier" [Over 10,000 plug-in cars in Norwegian roads]. Grønn bil (in Norwegian). 2013-01-04. Retrieved 2013-07-05.
  44. ^ a b KFZ- Wirtschaftsverlag (2014-01-01). "Aktuelle Zulassungsstatistik" [current registration statistics] (in German). Automotive.co.at. Retrieved 2014-01-23. See data for "Jän - Dez 2013" and "Jän - Dez 2012"
  45. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference SalesAust2012 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  46. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference AustSales2013 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  47. ^ a b c "2012 (Full Year) Sweden: Best-Selling Electric Cars & Plug-In Hybrid Models". BestSellingCars.com. 2013-04-02. Retrieved 2013-07-05. 88 Amperas and 33 Volts were sold in 2012.
  48. ^ a b c Bil Sweden (2014-01-02). "Nyregistreringar december 2013 prel" [New registrations in December 2013 prel] (in Swedish). Bil Sweden. Retrieved 2014-01-25. Download file "Nyregistreringar december 2013 prel.pdf" see table "NYREGISTRERADE SUPERMILJÖBILAR DECEMBER 2013" with summary of PEV sales by model for 2013 and 2012.
  49. ^ Cobb, Jeff (2014-07-09). "Plug-In Car Sales Cross Global Half-Million Mark". HybridCars.com. Retrieved 2014-07-24.
  50. ^ Nissan USA News Release (2014-07-23). "Nissan offers free charging for new LEAF buyers in Los Angeles". Nissan News. Retrieved 2014-08-17.
  51. ^ Mat Gasnier and Austin Rutherford (2013-03-20). "World Full Year 2012: Discover the Top 1000 best-selling models!". Best Selling Cars Blog. Retrieved 2013-03-28.
  52. ^ Eric Loveday (2013-03-28). "2012 Top 1,000 Global Sales List: Chevy Volt Ranks 432, Nissan LEAF 468, Renault Twizy 626, Mitsubishi i-MiEV 645, Tesla Model S 730". InsideEVs.com. Retrieved 2013-03-28.
  53. ^ a b c Mat Gasnier (2013-02-10). "Europe Full Year 2012: Now with Top 350 models & Top 60 brands". Best Selling Cars Blog. Retrieved 2013-02-13. Ampera sales in Europe totaled 5,268 units in 2012 and 304 in 2011.
  54. ^ Christopher Bruce (2012-12-12). "Europe's Best Selling Electric Car Is the Opel/Vauxhall Ampera". Autovia. Retrieved 2013-02-13.
  55. ^ a b c Cite error: The named reference EUsales2013 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  56. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference Sales062014US was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  57. ^ a b c d Cite error: The named reference Nether2012_14 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  58. ^ a b Mat Gasnier (2014-08-05). "Europe June 2014: Discover the Top 340 models and Top 55 brands". Best Selling Cars Blog. Retrieved 2014-08-07. Ampera sales in Europe totaled 433 units during the first half of 2014.
  59. ^ a b c Cite error: The named reference SalesGer2014 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  60. ^ a b RAI. "Verkoopstatistieken 2009, 2010, 2011 en 2012" [Sales Statistics 2009, 2010, 2011 and 2012] (in Dutch). RAI Vereniging. Retrieved 2014-08-16. Download pdf file for detailed sales in 2011 ("Download nieuwverkoop personenautos 201112") and 2012 ("Download nieuwverkoop personenautos 201212").
  61. ^ a b Vereinigung Schweizer Automobil-Importeure. "Autoverkäufe nach Modellen - Modellstatistik" [Passenger cars by model - Statistics by model] (in German). Auto Schweiz Suisse. Retrieved 2014-08-16. Under "Modellstatistik" download the xls file "Januar - Juni 2014" for 2014 sales, and under "Modellstatistiken 2008–2013" click "2013 Statistik" to download the file "ModellePW2013" with sales by model for 2013. Click the tabs "2012 Statistik" and "2011 Statistik" to download the files with 2012 and 2011 sales by model.
  62. ^ Byron Mathioudakis (2014-07-17). "Nissan to keep 'plugging away' on Leaf EV". Go auto. Retrieved 2014-08-16.
  63. ^ a b Jose Pontes (2014-07-14). "France June 2014". EVSales.com. Retrieved 2014-08-17.
  64. ^ Jose Pontes (2014-08-07). "Belgium June 2014". EVSales.com. Retrieved 2014-08-08.
  65. ^ a b Bil Sweden (2014-07-01). "Nyregistreringar juni 2014" [New registrations in June 2014] (in Swedish). Bil Sweden. Retrieved 2014-08-04. Download file "Nyregistreringar juni 2014.pdf" see table "Nyregistrerade miljöpersonbilar juni 2014" and "Nyregistrerade supermiljöbilar juni 2014" with summary of PEV sales by model between January and June 2014.
  66. ^ Ståle Frydenlund (2014-07-18). "Snart 10.000 nye elbiler registrert" [Almost 10,000 new EVs registered] (in Norwegian). Norsk Elbilforening (Norwegian Electric Vehicle Association). Retrieved 2014-08-17.
  67. ^ Mat Gasnier (2014-07-31). "Belgium June 2014: Renault Mégane #1, Captur on podium". Best Selling Cars Blog. Retrieved 2014-08-17.
  68. ^ Jose Pontes (2014-07-15). "Austria June 2014". EVSales.com. Retrieved 2014-08-17.
  69. ^ Cite error: The named reference PEVsalesUS0712 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  70. ^ John Voelcker (2012-10-02). "September Plug-In Electric Car Sales Surge, As Tesla Sells 200 (Or So)". Green Car Reports. Retrieved 2012-10-02.
  71. ^ a b c Jay Cole (2012-11-01). "October 2012 Plug-In Electric Vehicle Sales Report Card". Inside EVs. Retrieved 2012-11-01.
  72. ^ Cite error: The named reference NetherSales2012 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  73. ^ RAI (October 2012). "Verkoopcijfers oktober 2012-Modellenoverzicht" [Sales October 2012 - Models overview] (in Dutch). Auto Week Netherlands. Retrieved 2012-11-01.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link) Table shows September and October 2012 sales.
  74. ^ "Chevrolet Volt Sales Figures". Good Car Bad Car. 2012-11-01. Retrieved 2012-11-01.
  75. ^ Mat Gasnier (2012-11-01). "UK 9 months 2012: Discover the Top 370 All-models ranking!". Best Selling Cars Blog. Retrieved 2012-11-07.
  76. ^ Vereinigung Scheweizer Automobil-Importeure (2012-11-15). "Personenwagen nach Modellen - Modellstatistik Personenwagen 2012/2011" [Passenger cars by model - Statistic by model cars in 2012/211] (in German). Auto Schweiz. Retrieved 2012-11-15.Download files ModellePW2012.xls and ModellePWQuartal2011.xls.
  77. ^ a b TMC Press Release (2012-11-08). "Cumulative Sales of TMC Hybrids Top 2 Million Units in Japan". Toyota. Retrieved 2012-11-08.
  78. ^ Toyota News Release (2012-10-09). "Toyota Motor Europe Posts 13% Sales Increase In Q3". Toyota Europe. Retrieved 2012-10-15.
  79. ^ MARTIN LAMONICA (2012-09-26). "Fisker Raises Cash, Readies Plan for Second EV". MIT Technology Review. Retrieved 2012-10-03.
  80. ^ "First Pure-Electric Vehicle now available for Consumers in China". BYD Energy. 2011-10-27. Retrieved 2012-11-18.
  81. ^ General Motors (2011-01-04). "General Motors 2010 Calendar Year Sales Up 21 Percent; December Sales Increase 16 Percent – Best Month of 2010". GM News. Retrieved 2012-12-19. Download the file "December Production.pdf" and see U.S. Car and Truck Production Month of: December 2010 - Detroit Hamtramck.
  82. ^ General Motors (2012-01-04). "GM's U.S. Sales Increase 5 Percent in December". GM News. Retrieved 2012-12-19. Download the file "GMNA December 2011 Production by Plant.pdf" and see U.S. Car and Truck Production Month of: December 2011 - Detroit Hamtramck.
  83. ^ General Motors (2012-12-03). "GM U.S. Sales Increase 3 percent in November". GM News. Retrieved 2012-12-19. Download the file "Production-by-Plant-November-2012.pdf" and see U.S. Car and Truck Production Month of: November 2012 - Detroit Hamtramck.
  84. ^ a b c Nissan Global News Releases (2013-10-08). "Nissan LEAF cumulative sales in Japan pass 30,000 mark; 700 quick chargers to be installed in dealerships". Green Car Congress. Retrieved 2013-10-09.
  85. ^ Cite error: The named reference Globalsales2012 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  86. ^ Jay Cole (2013-05-03). "2013 Nissan LEAF Hits A Sales Stumbling Block In Japan". Inside EVs. Retrieved 2013-05-09.
  87. ^ MyNissanLeaf (2012-08-12). "Worldwide Plugin Sales Numbers". MyNissanLeafForum. Retrieved 2013-03-17.
  88. ^ Cite error: The named reference JapSales082013 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  89. ^ Cite error: The named reference UKsales2011_12 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  90. ^ Cite error: The named reference Spain2011 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  91. ^ Cite error: The named reference Spain2012 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  92. ^ Asociación Nacional de Importadores de Automóviles, Camiones, Autobuses y Motocicletas (ANIACAM) (October 2013). "Datos de Mercado: Septiembre 2013 -Matriculaciones de automóviles" [Market data: September 2013 - Automobiles registrations] (in Spanish). ANIACAM. Retrieved 2013-10-08.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) Download the file "DossierAutomóviles_septiembre13.xls (929KB)" with current month and cumulative sales for 2013.
  93. ^ Justin Aschard (2012-11-30). "Inmatriculations VP et VUL Italie à fin Oct. 2012 (2010-2012)" [Registrations of passenger cars and utility vehicles in Italy through October 2012 (2010-2012)] (PDF) (in French). France Mobilité Électrique. Retrieved 2013-04-19.
  94. ^ Luca Moroni (2013-01-03). "I dati di vendita di auto elettriche e ibride a dicembre 2012 in Italia" [Sales figures of electric and hybrid cars in Italy through December 2012] (in Italian). Green Start. Retrieved 2013-04-19.
  95. ^ Luca Moroni (2013-10-02). "I dati di vendita di auto elettriche e ibride a settembre 2013 in Italia" [Sales figures of electric and hybrid cars in Italy through September 2013] (in Italian). Green Start. Retrieved 2013-10-08.
  96. ^ Henk Bekker (2013-07-02). "2013 (Half Year) Sweden: Best-Selling Electric Cars and Plug-in Hybrids". BestSellingCars.com. Retrieved 2013-07-07.
  97. ^ Jose Pontes (2013-10-01). "Sweden September 2013". EV Sales. Retrieved 2013-10-03.
  98. ^ Cite error: The named reference Outook2013 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  99. ^ Mark Rowney, Will Straw (2013-04-15). "Leading the Charge - Can Britain Develop a Global Advantage in Ultra-Low-Emission Vehicles" (PDF). Institute for Public Policy Research. Retrieved 2013-04-16. pp.20
  100. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference iMiEV30K was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  101. ^ a b c d "三菱 i-MiEVなどの2013年6月度 販売実績" [Sales results June 2013 Mitsubishi i-MiEV] (in Japanese). Electric Vehicle News. 2013-07-26. Retrieved 2013-08-02. Minicab MiEV includes 4,150 vans and 477 trucks.
  102. ^ a b c Jeff Cobb (2013-08-07). "Tesla Announces Q2 Financial Results". HybridCars.com. Retrieved 2013-11-05. Cumulative sales through June 2013 totaled 12,700 units.
  103. ^ Ucilia Wang (2013-11-05). "Tesla Makes Record Delivery Of Model S, Promises A 'Pioneering Approach' To Servicing Its Cars". Forbes. Retrieved 2013-11-05. Over 5,500 units delivered during 3Q 2013.
  104. ^ a b c d e f Renault (July 2013). "Ventes Mensuelles" [Monthly Sales] (in French). Renault.com. Retrieved 2013-07-20.Click on "Ventes mensuelles (décembre 2012) (xls, 294 Ko)" and Ventes mensuelles (juin 2013) (xlsx, 222 Ko)" to download the files for 2012 and 2013 sales, and open the tab "Sales by Model".
  105. ^ a b c China Auto Web (2013-03-25). "Chinese EV Sales Ranking for 2012". China Auto Web. Retrieved 2013-04-19. 5,305 QQ3 EVs and 1,583 J3 EVs were sold in 2012.
  106. ^ a b c d Jose Pontes (2013-07-19). "China June 2013". EV sales. Retrieved 2013-07-20. 1,800 QQ3 EVs and 850 J3 EVs were sold during the first half of 2013.
  107. ^ China Auto Web (2013-03-25). "Chinese EV Sales Ranking for 2012". China Auto Web. Retrieved 2013-04-19. 2,485 units were sold in 2012.
  108. ^ a b c China Auto Web (2012-09-30). "JAC Delivers 500 J3 EVs ("ievs")". China Auto Web. Retrieved 2013-04-19. A total of 1,583 of the first and second generation models were sold during 2010 and 2011..
  109. ^ a b c "BYD Delivered Only 33 Units of e6, 417 F3DM in 2010". ChinaAutoWeb. 2011-02-23.
  110. ^ a b c Mat Gasnier (2013-01-14). "China Full Year 2012: Ford Focus triumphs". Best Selling Car Blog. Retrieved 2013-01-22.
  111. ^ a b "Sales of Plug-in EVs Up 42.7% to 5,889 in H1 2013". ChinaAutoWeb. 2013-07-11. Retrieved 2013-07-14. 658 F3DMs and 730 e6s sold during first half of 2013.
  112. ^ a b c Todd Woody (2012-07-25). "Tesla Hits Accelerator Despite Q2 Revenue Miss". Forbes. Retrieved 2012-07-25. Sales of more than 2,350 Roadster as of 30 June 2012
  113. ^ a b c Tesla Motors (2012-11-05). "Tesla Q3 report: $50M revenues, $111M GAAP net loss, 253 Model S delivered in Q3". Green Car Congress. Retrieved 2012-11-06.Sales during the 3Q 2012: 68 Roadsters and 253 Model S.
  114. ^ David Ferris (2013-03-04). "India's Only Electric Car Revamped to Woo Drivers". The New York Times. Retrieved 2013-05-11.
  115. ^ a b Jay Cole (2013-07-03 (updated)). "June 2013 Plug-In Electric Vehicle Sales Report Card". InsideEvs.com. Retrieved 2013-07-07. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  116. ^ a b c Jeff Cobb (2013-01-08). "December 2012 Dashboard". HybridCars.com and Baum & Associates. Retrieved 2013-01-14. See the section: December 2012 Plug-in Electric Car Sales Numbers. A total of 53,172 plug-in electric vehicles were sold during 2012. Sales of the Fisker Karma, Coda and Wheego are not included, as these carmakers does not report monthly sales on a regular basis. Cite error: The named reference "PEVUSales2012" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  117. ^ a b "December 2011 Dashboard: Sales Still Climbing". HybridCARS.com. 2012-01-09. Retrieved 2012-01-10.
  118. ^ a b BestSellingCars.com (2013-05-03). "2012 (Full Year) Germany: Best-Selling Electric Car Models". BestSellingCars.com. Retrieved 2013-06-30.
  119. ^ a b Justin Aschard (2012-11-30). "Inmatriculations VP et VUL Allemagne à fin Oct. 2012 (2010-2012)" [Registrations of passenger cars and utility vehicles in Germany through October 2012 (2010-2012)] (PDF) (in French). France Mobilité Électrique. Retrieved 2013-06-30.
  120. ^ a b Jose Pontes (2013-07-16). "Germany June 2013". EV Sales. Retrieved 2013-07-21.
  121. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference NetherPEV2012 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  122. ^ a b Jose Pontes (2013-07-13). "Netherlands June 2013". EV Sales. Retrieved 2013-07-20.
  123. ^ a b Luca Moroni (2013-07-01). "I dati di vendita di auto elettriche e ibride a giugno 2013 in Italia" [Sales figures of electric and hybrid cars in Italy through June 2013] (in Italian). Green Start. Retrieved 2013-07-20.
  124. ^ Nikkei (2013-07-131). "Nissan, Renault Unlikely To Meet EV Sales Target By FY16". Nikkei. Retrieved 2013-07-14. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  125. ^ Nissan (2013-06-12). "Nissan Named a Top Global Green Brand for 2013". Nissan Media Newsroom USA. Retrieved 2013-06-14.
  126. ^ Mark Kane (2013-07-09). "For First Time Ever, Combined Japan and US Nissan LEAF Sales Exceed 3,000 Units in Single Month". InsideEVs.com. Retrieved 2013-07-21.
  127. ^ China Auto Web (2013-03-25). "Chinese EV Sales Ranking for 2012". China Auto Web. Retrieved 2013-04-19. 2,485 units were sold in 2012.
  128. ^ David Ferris (2013-03-04). "India's Only Electric Car Revamped to Woo Drivers". The New York Times. Retrieved 2013-05-11.
  129. ^ Nissan Motor Corporation (2014-06-23). "Nissan Global Corporate Activities Reduce CO2 Emissions by 15.4 Percent". Nissan Global News Releases. Retrieved 2014-07-05.
  130. ^ Alan Ohnsman (2014-01-14). "Tesla Rises After Model S Sales in 2013 Exceed Forecast". Bloomberg. Retrieved 2014-01-14.
  131. ^ Ucilia Wang (2013-11-05). "Tesla Makes Record Delivery Of Model S, Promises A 'Pioneering Approach' To Servicing Its Cars". Forbes. Retrieved 2014-01-14. Over 5,500 units delivered during 3Q 2013.
  132. ^ Ben Klayman (2014-05-07). "Tesla outlook disappoints some on Wall St, shares drop 7 percent". Reuters. Retrieved 2014-05-10. Sales during 1Q 2014 totaled 6,457 units.
  133. ^ Tesla Motors (2014-07-31). "Tesla Motors, Inc. – Second Quarter 2014 Shareholder Letter" (PDF). Tesla Motors. Retrieved 2014-07-31. Global sales during 2Q 2014 Totaled 7,579 units.
  134. ^ Andreas Grimm (2014-08-06). "E-Auto aus Japan für 11.000 Euro" [e-Car from Japan for 11,000 euros]. KFZ-betrieb (in German). Retrieved 2014-08-06.
  135. ^ a b c Groupe Renault (July 2014). "Ventes Mensuelles" [Monthly Sales] (in French). Renault.com. Retrieved 2014-07-27. Includes passenger and light utility variants. Click on "Ventes mensuelles du groupe (décembre 2011) (xls, 183 Ko)" "Ventes mensuelles (décembre 2012) (xls, 289 Ko)" - Ventes mensuelles (décembre 2013) (xlsx, 227 Ko)" - "Ventes mensuelles (juin 2014) (xls, 217 Ko)" to download the files for 2011, 2012, 2013 and 2014 sales, and open the tab "Sales by Model".
  136. ^ Colum Murphy and Rose Yu (2013-11-27). "China Hopes Cities Can Help Boost Electric Car Sales". The Wall Street Journal. China Real Time. Retrieved 2013-11-28. A total of 4,207 QQ3 EVs and 1,005 e6s were sold between January and October 2013.
  137. ^ a b China Auto Web (2014-05-20). "6,853 PEVs Were Sold in China in Q1 2014". China Auto Web. Retrieved 2014-05-28. 2,016 QQ3 EVs and 163 J3 EVs were sold during the first quarter of 2014.
  138. ^ Mat Gasnier (2014-07-19). "World Full Year 2013: Discover the Top 1000 best-selling models!". Best Selling Cars Blog. Retrieved 2014-07-27. A total of 1,477 i3s were registered in 2013. Includes press fleet vehicles and dealer demonstrators.
  139. ^ BMW Group PressClub UK (2014-07-08). "BMW Group breaks 1M mark in 1H for first time; 5,396 i3 EVs sold". Green Car Congress. Retrieved 2014-07-27. Sales totaled 5,396 i3s during the first half of 2014 .
  140. ^ Staff (2014-01-10). "Plug-in EV Sales in China Rose 37.9% to 17,600 in 2013". China Auto Web. Retrieved 2014-01-22.
  141. ^ China Auto Web (2013-03-25). "Chinese EV Sales Ranking for 2012". China Auto Web. Retrieved 2013-04-19. 2,485 units were sold in 2012.
  142. ^ Jon C. Ogg (2014-07-14). "The Electric Vehicle Maker in China That Grew Over 200% Sequentially". 24/7 Wall Street. Retrieved 2014-08-02.
  143. ^ Jose Pontes (2014-01-26). "Europe December 2013". EVSales.com. Retrieved 2014-05-10. A total of 1,465 e-ups! were sold in Europe 2013.
  144. ^ Jose Pontes (2014-07-28). "Europe June 2014". EVSales.com. Retrieved 2014-08-02. A total of 3,487 e-Up! and 1,126 Smart EDs were sold in Europe during the first half of 2014.
  145. ^ Autoactu.com. "Chiffres de vente & immatriculations de voitures électriques en France" [Sales figures & electric car registrations in France] (in French). Automobile Propre. Retrieved 2014-07-27. See "Ventes de voitures électriques en 2014/2013/2012/2011."
  146. ^ Alysha Webb (2013-12-23). "Indian EVs Await Government Support, But Some Owners Are Already Happy With Their Cars". PluginCars.com. Retrieved 2013-12-24.
  147. ^ "三菱 i-MiEVなどの2013年12月度 販売実績" [Mitsubishi i-MiEV sales results for December 2013] (in Japanese). Electric Vehicle News. 2014-01-29. Retrieved 2014-02-06. Cumulative i-MiEV sales in Japan through December 2013 totaled 9,402 units, and Minicab sales totaled 4,695 vans and 554 trucks.
  148. ^ "三菱 i-MiEVなどの2014年6月度、2014年1～6月 生産・販売・輸出実績" [Mitsubishi i-MiEV sales results for June 2014] (in Japanese). Electric Vehicle News. 2014-07-30. Retrieved 2014-08-02. Cumulative i-MiEV sales in Japan through through June 2014 totaled 9,909 units, 15,361 Outlander P-HEVs, and Minicab sales totaled 5,013 vans and 649 mini trucks.
  149. ^ Jeffrey N. Ross (2012-10-03). "Smart ForTwo Electric Drive will be cheapest EV at $25,000*". Autoblog.com. Retrieved 2014-02-06.
  150. ^ Jose Pontes (2014-01-30). "World Top 20 December 2013 (Special Edition)". EV Sales. Retrieved 2014-02-06. A total of 4,130 third generation Smart EDs sold worldwide in 2013.
  151. ^ Jose Pontes (2014-07-30). "World Top 20 June 2014 (Special Edition)". EV Sales. Retrieved 2014-08-02. A total of 2,384 Smart EDs were sold worldwide in the first half of 2014.
  152. ^ Mat Gasnier (2014-01-14). "China December 2013: Focus on the all-new models". Best Selling Cars Blog. Retrieved 2014-01-16. BYD e6 sales totaled 1,544 units in 2013.
  153. ^ Mat Gasnier (2014-07-19). "China 6 months 2014: Santana makes it 4 Volkswagens in Top 6". Best Selling Cars Blog. Retrieved 2014-07-27. BYD e6 sales totaled 1,391 units during the first half of 2014.
  154. ^ Jeff Cobb (2014-07-02). "June 2014 Dashboard". HybridCars.com and Baum & Associates. Retrieved 2014-07-27. See "June 2014 Battery Electric Car Sales Numbers." A total of 896 Focus EVs and 1,092 Smart EDs were sold in the first half of 2014.
  155. ^ "Chevy Volt continues to lead plug-in sales in US in July". Green Car Congress. 2012-08-03. Retrieved 2012-08-04. 8 unites were delivered in December 2011.
  156. ^ Electric Drive Transportation Association (EDTA) (2013-10-04). "Electric drive vehicle sales figures (U.S. Market) - EV sales". EDTA. Retrieved 2013-10-05.
  157. ^ HybridCars.com and Baum & Associates. "HybridCars Dashboard". HybridCars.com. Retrieved 2013-10-05.
  158. ^ "Alternative Fuel Vehicles (AFVs) and Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs): Trend of sales by HEV models from 1999-2010". Alternative Fuels and Advanced Vehicle Data Center (U.S. DoE). Retrieved 2011-03-05. Total registered electric hybrids in the U.S. is 1,888,971 vehicles until December 2010. (Click and open the Excel file for the detail by year for each model) Sales 1999-2010
  159. ^ Cite error: The named reference Sales092013US was invoked but never defined (see the help page).


Template:Comparison electric car efficiency

[edit]

The following table compares out-of-pocket fuel costs estimated by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency according to its official ratings for fuel economy (miles per gallon gasoline equivalent in the case of plug-in electric vehicles) for series production all-electric passenger vehicles rated by the EPA as of November 2016,[1][2] versus EPA rated most fuel efficient plug-in hybrid with long distance range (Chevrolet Volt – second generation), gasoline-electric hybrid car (Toyota Prius Eco - fourth generation),[3][4][5] and EPA's average new 2016 vehicle, which has a fuel economy of 25 mpg‑US (9.4 L/100 km; 30 mpg‑imp).[1][3]

Comparison of fuel efficiency and costs for all the electric cars rated by the EPA for the U.S. market as of November 2016
against EPA rated most fuel efficient plug-in hybrid, hybrid electric vehicle and 2016 average gasoline-powered car in the U.S.
(Fuel economy and operating costs as displayed in the Monroney label)[1][2][6]
Vehicle Model
year 		EPA rated
Combined
fuel economy 		EPA rated
City
fuel economy 		EPA rated
Highway
fuel economy 		Cost to drive
25 miles (40 km) 		Annual
fuel cost 		Notes
Hyundai Ioniq Electric[2][7] 2017 136 mpg-e
(25 kW·h/100 mi
15.4 kW⋅h/100 km)		 150 mpg-e
(22 kW·h/100 mi
14 kW⋅h/100 km)		 122 mpg-e
(28 kW·h/100 mi
17.2 kW⋅h/100 km)		 $0.81 $500 (1) (4)
BMW i3 (60 A·h)[8][9] 2014/15/16 124 mpg-e
(27 kW·h/100 mi
16.9 kW⋅h/100 km)		 137 mpg-e
(25 kW·h/100 mi
15.3 kW⋅h/100 km)		 111 mpg-e
(30 kW·h/100 mi
18.9 kW⋅h/100 km)		 $0.88 $550 (1) (3) (4) (5)
Scion iQ EV[10] 2013 121 mpg-e
(28 kW·h/100 mi
17.3 kW⋅h/100 km)		 138 mpg-e
(24 kW·h/100 mi
15.2 kW⋅h/100 km)		 105 mpg-e
(32 kW·h/100 mi
19.9 kW⋅h/100 km)		 $0.91 $550 (1)
Chevrolet Bolt EV[11] 2017 119 mpg-e
(28 kW-h/100 mi
17.3 kW⋅h/100 km)		 128 mpg-e
(16.4 kW⋅h/100 km)		 110 mpg-e
(19 kW⋅h/100 km)		 $0.91 $550
Chevrolet Spark EV[12] 2014/15/16 119 mpg-e
(28 kW·h/100 mi
17.6 kW⋅h/100 km)		 128 mpg-e
(26 kW·h/100 mi
16.4 kW⋅h/100 km)		 109 mpg-e
(31 kW·h/100 mi
19.2 kW⋅h/100 km)		 $0.91 $550 (1)
BMW i3 (94 A·h)[8] 2017 118 mpg-e
(29 kW·h/100 mi
17.7 kW⋅h/100 km)		 129 mpg-e
(16.2 kW⋅h/100 km)		 106 mpg-e
(19.8 kW⋅h/100 km)		 $0.94 $550 (1)
Honda Fit EV[13] 2013/14 118 mpg-e
(29 kW·h/100 mi
17.7 kW⋅h/100 km)		 132 mpg-e
(26 kW·h/100 mi
15.9 kW⋅h/100 km)		 105 mpg-e
(32 kW·h/100 mi
19.9 kW⋅h/100 km)		 $0.94 $550 (1)
Fiat 500e[14] 2013/14/15 116 mpg-e
(29 kW·h/100 mi
18.1 kW⋅h/100 km)		 122 mpg-e
(28 kW·h/100 mi
17.2 kW⋅h/100 km)		 108 mpg-e
(31 kW·h/100 mi
19.4 kW⋅h/100 km)		 $0.95 $550 (1)
Volkswagen e-Golf[15] 2015/16 116 mpg-e
(29 kW·h/100 mi
18.1 kW⋅h/100 km)		 126 mpg‑e
(27 kW⋅h/100 mi; 16.6 kW⋅h/100 km)		 105 mpg‑e
(32 kW⋅h/100 mi; 19.9 kW⋅h/100 km)		 $0.95 $550 (1)
Nissan Leaf (24 kW-h)[16] 2013/14/15/16 114 mpg-e
(30 kW·h/100 mi;
18.4 kW⋅h/100 km)		 126 mpg-e
(27 kW·h/100 mi;
16.6 kW⋅h/100 km)		 101 mpg-e
(33 kW·h/100 mi;
21 kW⋅h/100 km)		 $0.96 $600 (1) (6)
Mitsubishi i[17] 2012/13/14/16 112 mpg-e
(30 kW·h/100 mi;
18.7 kW⋅h/100 km)		 126 mpg-e
(27 kW·h/100 mi;
16.6 kW⋅h/100 km)		 99 mpg-e
(34 kW·h/100 mi;
21 kW⋅h/100 km)		 $0.98 $600 (1)
Nissan Leaf (30 kW-h)[16] 2016 112 mpg-e
(30 kW·h/100 mi;
18.7 kW⋅h/100 km)		 124 mpg‑e
(27 kW⋅h/100 mi; 16.9 kW⋅h/100 km)		 101 mpg‑e
(33 kW⋅h/100 mi; 21 kW⋅h/100 km)		 $0.97 $600 (1)
Fiat 500e[18] 2016 112 mpg-e
(30 kW·h/100 mi;
18.7 kW⋅h/100 km)		 121 mpg-e
(28 kW·h/100 mi;
17.3 kW⋅h/100 km)		 103 mpg-e
(33 kW·h/100 mi;
20.3 kW⋅h/100 km)		 $0.97 $600 (1)
Smart electric drive[19] 2013/14/15/16 107 mpg-e
(32 kW·h/100 mi;
19.6 kW⋅h/100 km)		 122 mpg-e
(28 kW·h/100 mi;
17.2 kW⋅h/100 km)		 93 mpg-e
(36 kW·h/100 mi;
23 kW⋅h/100 km)		 $1.02 $600 (1) (7)
Kia Soul EV[20] 2015/16 105 mpg-e
(32 kW·h/100 mi;
19.9 kW⋅h/100 km)		 120 mpg‑e
(28 kW⋅h/100 mi; 17 kW⋅h/100 km)		 92 mpg‑e
(37 kW⋅h/100 mi; 23 kW⋅h/100 km)		 $1.04 $600 (1)
Ford Focus Electric[21] 2012/13/14/15/16 105 mpg-e
(32 kW·h/100 mi;
19.9 kW⋅h/100 km)		 110 mpg-e
(31 kW·h/100 mi;
19 kW⋅h/100 km)		 99 mpg-e
(34 kW·h/100 mi;
21 kW⋅h/100 km)		 $1.04 $600 (1)
Tesla Model S AWD - 70D[1][22] 2015/16 101 mpg-e
(33 kW·h/100 mi;
21 kW⋅h/100 km)		 101 mpg-e
(33 kW·h/100 mi;
21 kW⋅h/100 km)		 102 mpg-e
(33 kW·h/100 mi;
21 kW⋅h/100 km)		 $1.07 $650 (1)
Tesla Model S AWD - 85D[1][23] 2015/16 100 mpg-e
(34 kW·h/100 mi;
21 kW⋅h/100 km)		 95 mpg-e
(35 kW·h/100 mi;
22 kW⋅h/100 km)		 106 mpg‑e
(32 kW⋅h/100 mi; 19.8 kWh/100 km)		 $1.10 $650 (1) (8)
Tesla Model S AWD - 90D[1][22] 2015/16 100 mpg-e
(34 kW·h/100 mi;
21 kW⋅h/100 km)		 95 mpg-e
(35 kW·h/100 mi;
22 kW⋅h/100 km)		 106 mpg-e
(32 kW·h/100 mi;
19.8 kW⋅h/100 km)		 $1.10 $650 (1)
Tesla Model S (60 kW·h)[1][22] 2014/15/16 95 mpg-e
(35 kW·h/100 mi;
22 kW⋅h/100 km)		 94 mpg-e
(36 kW·h/100 mi;
22 kW⋅h/100 km)		 97 mpg-e
(35 kW·h/100 mi;
22 kW⋅h/100 km)		 $1.14 $700 (1)
Tesla Model S AWD - P85D[1][23] 2015/16 93 mpg-e
(36 kW·h/100 mi;
23 kW⋅h/100 km)		 89 mpg-e
(38 kW·h/100 mi;
24 kW⋅h/100 km)		 98 mpg‑e
(34 kW⋅h/100 mi; 21 kW⋅h/100 km)		 $1.17 $700 (1) (8)
Tesla Model S AWD - P90D[1][22] 2015/16 93 mpg-e
(36 kW·h/100 mi;
23 kW⋅h/100 km)		 89 mpg-e
(38 kW·h/100 mi;
24 kW⋅h/100 km)		 98 mpg-e
(35 kW·h/100 mi;
21 kW⋅h/100 km)		 $1.17 $700 (1)
Tesla Model X AWD – 90D[24] 2016 92 mpg-e
(34 kW·h/100 mi;
23 kW⋅h/100 km)		 90 mpg-e
(37 kW·h/100 mi;
23 kW⋅h/100 km)		 94 mpg-e
(32 kW·h/100 mi;
22 kW⋅h/100 km)		 $1.20 $700 (1)
Tesla Model X AWD – P90D[24] 2016 89 mpg-e
(38 kW·h/100 mi;
24 kW⋅h/100 km)		 89 mpg-e
(38 kW·h/100 mi;
24 kW⋅h/100 km)		 90 mpg-e
(38 kW·h/100 mi;
23 kW⋅h/100 km)		 $1.23 $750 (1)
Tesla Model S (85 kW·h)[25] 2012/13/14/15 89 mpg-e
(38 kW·h/100 mi;
24 kW⋅h/100 km)		 88 mpg-e
(38 kW·h/100 mi;
24 kW⋅h/100 km)		 90 mpg-e
(37 kW·h/100 mi;
23 kW⋅h/100 km)		 $1.23 $750 (1)
Mercedes-Benz B-Class Electric Drive[26] 2014/15/16 84 mpg-e
(40 kW·h/100 mi;
25 kW⋅h/100 km)		 85 mpg-e
(40 kW·h/100 mi;
25 kW⋅h/100 km)		 83 mpg-e
(41 kW·h/100 mi;
25 kW⋅h/100 km)		 $1.30 $800 (1)
Toyota RAV4 EV[27] 2012/13/14 76 mpg-e
(44 kW·h/100 mi;
28 kW⋅h/100 km)		 78 mpg-e
(43 kW·h/100 mi;
27 kW⋅h/100 km)		 74 mpg-e
(46 kW·h/100 mi;
28 kW⋅h/100 km)		 $1.43 $850 (1)
BYD e6[1][28] 2012/13/14/15/16 63 mpg-e
(54 kW·h/100 mi;
33 kW⋅h/100 km)		 61 mpg-e
(55 kW·h/100 mi;
34 kW⋅h/100 km)		 65 mpg-e
(52 kW·h/100 mi;
32 kW⋅h/100 km)		 $1.76 $1,050 (1)
Second gen Chevrolet Volt[1][29][30]
Plug-in hybrid (PHEV)
Electricity only/ gasoline only		 2016 106 mpg-e
(31 kW·h/100 mi;
19.8 kW⋅h/100 km)
42 mpg		 113 mpg-e
(30 kW⋅h/100 mi;
18.5 kW⋅h/100 km)
43 mpg		 99 mpg-e
(34 kW⋅h/100 mi;
21 kW⋅h/100 km)
42 mpg		 $1.01/$1.23 $650 (1) (2) (9)
2016 Toyota Prius Eco (4th gen)[4]
Hybrid electric vehicle (HEV)
Gasoline-electric hybrid		 2016 56 mpg 58 mpg 53 mpg $0.92 $550 (2) (10)
Ford Fusion AWD A-S6 2.0L[1][31]
Gasoline-powered
(Average new vehicle)		 2016 25 mpg 22 mpg 31 mpg $2.06 $1,250 (2) (11)
Notes: All estimated fuel costs based on 15,000 miles (24,000 km) annual driving, 45% highway and 55% city

(1) Values rounded to the nearest $50. Electricity cost of $0.13/kW·h (as of 18 November 2016). Conversion 1 gallon of gasoline=33.7 kW·h.
(2) Regular gasoline price of US$2.06 per gallon (as of 3 December 2015).
(3) The 2014 i3 REx is classified by EPA as a series plug-in hybrid, while for CARB is a range-extended battery-electric vehicle (BEVx). The i3 REx is the most fuel efficient EPA-certified current year vehicle with a gasoline engine with a combined gasoline/electricity rating of 88 mpg-e, but its total range is limited to 150 mi (240 km).[3][32]
(4) The 2014/16 BMW i3 (60 A·h) ranked as the most fuel efficient EPA-certified vehicle of all fuel types considered in all years until MY 2016. It was surpassed by the 2017 Hyundai Ioniq Electric in November 2016.[32]
(5) The i3 REx has a combined fuel economy in all-electric mode of 117 mpg-e (29 kW·h/100 mi; 18 kW⋅h/100 km).[33]
(6) The 2016 model year Leaf correspond to the variant with the 24 kW·h battery pack.
(7) Ratings correspond to both convertible and coupe models.
(8) Model with 85 kW·h battery pack
(9) Most fuel efficient plug-in hybrid capable of long distance travel. The 2016 Volt has a rating of 77 mpg-e for combined gasoline/electricity operation.[3]
(10) Most fuel efficient hybrid electric car.[1][3] (11) Other 2016 MY cars achieving 25 mpg‑US (9.4 L/100 km; 30 mpg‑imp) combined city/hwy include the Honda Accord A-S6 3.5L, Toyota Camry A-S6 3.5L and Toyota RAV4 A-S6 2.5L.[1][31]

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n United States Environmental Protection Agency and U.S. Department of Energy (2015-12-18). "Model Year 2016 Fuel Economy Guide - Electric vehicles & Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles" (PDF). fueleconomy.gov. Retrieved 2015-12-18. See pp. 27–28 for all-electric vehicles and pp. 30–31 for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles. The average 2016 vehicle gets 25 mpg
  2. ^ a b c United States Environmental Protection Agency and U.S. Department of Energy (2016-11-16). "Model Year 2017 Fuel Economy Guide - Electric vehicles & Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles" (PDF). fueleconomy.gov. Retrieved 2016-11-19. pp. 32–36.
  3. ^ a b c d e U. S. Environmental Protection Agency and U.S. Department of Energy (2015-12-04). "Fueleconomy.gov's Top Fuel Sippers (EPA Ratings, All Years)". fueleconomy.gov. Retrieved 2015-12-06. Excludes all-electric vehicles. Click on the tab "Top Fuel Sippers (EPA Ratings, All Years)" - The 2016 Volt has a combined fuel economy of 77 mpg-e. The BMW i3 REx has a combined fuel economy of 88 mpg-e, and ranks as the most efficient EPA-certified current year vehicle with a gasoline engine.
  4. ^ a b U. S. Environmental Protection Agency and U.S. Department of Energy (2015-12-18). "Compare Side-by-Side - 2015 Toyota Prius, 2016 Toyota Prius and 2016 Toyota Prius Eco". Fueleconomy.gov. Retrieved 2015-12-18. The average 2016 vehicle gets 25 mpg.
  5. ^ U. S. Environmental Protection Agency and U.S. Department of Energy (2015-08-14). "2016 Best and Worst Fuel Economy Vehicles - (excluding electric vehicles)". Fueleconomy.gov. Retrieved 2015-08-17. See the tab "Cars excl. EVs" – The Prius c is the most fuel efficient in the compact class and the conventional Prius is the most fuel efficient in the midsize class, and both rank ahead of the most fuel efficient in any other clars.
  6. ^ United States Environmental Protection Agency and U.S. Department of Energy (2015-08-12). "Model Year 2015 Fuel Economy Guide - Electric vehicles & Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles" (PDF). fueleconomy.gov. Retrieved 2015-08-17. pp. 31–34.
  7. ^ United States Environmental Protection Agency and U.S. Department of Energy (2016-11-18). "Compare Side-by-Side: 2017 Hyundai Ioniq Electric". fueleconomy.gov. Retrieved 2016-11-19.
  8. ^ a b United States Environmental Protection Agency and U.S. Department of Energy (2016-09-29). "Compare Side-by-Side: 2015 BMW i3 REX, 2016 BMW i3 REX, 2017 BMW i3 REX (94 Amp-hour battery), and 2017 BMW i3 BEV (94 Amp-hour battery)". fueleconomy.gov. Retrieved 2016-09-30.
  9. ^ United States Environmental Protection Agency and U.S. Department of Energy (2015-12-04). "Compare Side-by-Side: 2014 BMW i3 BEV". fueleconomy.gov. Retrieved 2015-12-06.
  10. ^ U. S. Environmental Protection Agency and U.S. Department of Energy (2015-12-04). "2013 Scion iQ EV". Fueleconomy.gov. Retrieved 2015-12-06.
  11. ^ Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy, U.S. Department of Energy and U. S. Environmental Protection Agency and (2016-09-20). "Compare Side-by-Syde - 2017 Chevrolet Bolt". fueleconomy.gov. Retrieved 2016-09-20.
  12. ^ U. S. Environmental Protection Agency and U.S. Department of Energy (2015-12-04). "2014 Chvevrolet Spark EV". Fueleconomy.gov. Retrieved 2015-12-06.
  13. ^ U. S. Environmental Protection Agency and U.S. Department of Energy (2015-12-04). "2013 Honda Fit EV". Fueleconomy.gov. Retrieved 2015-12-06.
  14. ^ U. S. Environmental Protection Agency and U.S. Department of Energy (2015-12-04). "2013 Fiat 500e". Fueleconomy.gov. Retrieved 2015-12-06.
  15. ^ U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and U.S. Department of Energy (2015-12-04). "2015 Volkswagen e-Golf". Fueleconomy.gov. Retrieved 2015-12-06.
  16. ^ a b U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and U.S. Department of Energy (2015-12-04). "Compare side by side: 2013 Nissan Leaf/2014 Nissan Leaf/2015 Nissan Leaf/2016 Nissan Leaf (24 kW-hr battery pack)/2016 Nissan Leaf (30 kW-hr battery pack)". Fueleconomy.gov. Retrieved 2015-12-06.
  17. ^ U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and U.S. Department of Energy (2015-12-04). "2011–12 Electric Vehicles- 2012 Mitsubishi i-MiEV". Fueleconomy.gov. Retrieved 2015-12-06.
  18. ^ U. S. Environmental Protection Agency and U.S. Department of Energy (2015-12-04). "2016 Fiat 500e". Fueleconomy.gov. Retrieved 2015-12-06.
  19. ^ U. S. Environmental Protection Agency and U.S. Department of Energy (2015-12-04). "2013 smart fortwo electric drive coupe". Fueleconomy.gov. Retrieved 2015-12-06.
  20. ^ U. S. Environmental Protection Agency and U.S. Department of Energy (2015-12-04). "2015 Kia Soul Electric". Fueleconomy.gov. Retrieved 2015-12-06.
  21. ^ U. S. Environmental Protection Agency and U.S. Department of Energy (2015-12-04). "2012 Ford Focus BEV". Fueleconomy.gov. Retrieved 2015-12-06.
  22. ^ a b c d U. S. Environmental Protection Agency and U.S. Department of Energy (2015-12-04). "Compare Side-by-Side - 2015 Tesla Model S 60 kW-hr/AWD - 70D/AWD - 90D/AWD - P90D". Fueleconomy.gov. Retrieved 2015-12-06.
  23. ^ a b U. S. Environmental Protection Agency and U.S. Department of Energy (2015-12-04). "2015 Tesla Model S (85 kW-hr battery pack); 2014 Tesla Model S AWD (85 kW-hr battery pack); 2015 Tesla Model S AWD - 85D; and 2015 Tesla Model S AWD - P85D". Fueleconomy.gov. Retrieved 2015-12-06.
  24. ^ a b U. S. Environmental Protection Agency and U.S. Department of Energy (2015-12-04). "2016 Tesla Model X AWD - 90D and P90D". Retrieved 2015-12-06.
  25. ^ U. S. Environmental Protection Agency and U.S. Department of Energy (2015-12-04). "2012 Tesla Model S". Fueleconomy.gov. Retrieved 2015-12-06.
  26. ^ U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and U.S. Department of Energy (2015-12-04). "2014/2015/2016 Mercedes-Benz B-Class Electric Drive". Fueleconomy.gov. Retrieved 2015-12-06.
  27. ^ U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and U.S. Department of Energy (2015-12-04). "2012/2013/2014 Toyota RAV4 EV". Fueleconomy.gov. Retrieved 2015-12-06.
  28. ^ U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and U.S. Department of Energy (2015-12-04). "Compare Side-by-Side: 2012/13/14/15 BYD e6". Fueleconomy.gov. Retrieved 2015-12-06.
  29. ^ U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and U.S. Department of Energy (2015-12-04). "Compare Side-by-Side - 2016/2015 Chevrolet Volt". Fueleconomy.gov. Retrieved 2015-12-06.
  30. ^ Eric Loveday (2015-09-01). "Detailed Look At 2016 Chevrolet Volt EPA Ratings". InsideEVs.com. Retrieved 2015-09-02.
  31. ^ a b United States Environmental Protection Agency and U.S. Department of Energy (2015-12-04). "Compare Side-by-Side: 2016 Ford Fusion AWD, 2016 Honda Accord, 2016 Toyota Camry, and 2016 Toyota RAV4 AWD". fueleconomy.gov. Retrieved 2015-12-06.
  32. ^ a b U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and U.S. Department of Energy (2016-11-18). "Most Efficient EPA Certified Vehicles". fueleconomy.gov. Retrieved 2016-11-19. Current Model Year excludes all-electric vehicles.
  33. ^ United States Environmental Protection Agency and U.S. Department of Energy (2014-07-04). "Compare Side-by-Side: 2014 BMW i3 BEV & 2014 BMW i3 REx". fueleconomy.gov. Retrieved 2014-07-26.
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