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1899

The following events occurred in January 1899:

January 1, 1899: Cuba freed from Spanish rule, comes under control of the United States

January 1, 1899 (Sunday)

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January 2, 1899 (Monday)

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January 3, 1899 (Tuesday)

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  • Hungarian Prime Minister Dezső Bánffy fought an inconclusive duel with his bitter enemy in parliament, Horánszky Nándor.
  • Born: Karl Diebitsch, German fashion designer and Nazi SS officer; in Hanover (d. 1985)

January 4, 1899 (Wednesday)

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  • U.S. President William McKinley's declaration of December 21, 1898, proclaiming a policy of benevolent assimilation of the Philippines as a United States territory, was announced in Manila by the U.S. commander, General Elwell Otis, and angered independence activists who had fought against Spanish rule.
  • The American Society of Landscape Architects, still in existence 123 years later, was founded.

January 5, 1899 (Thursday)

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  • A fierce battle was fought between American troops and Filipino defenders at the town of Pililla on the island of Luzon. The Filipinos retreated to the mountains at Tanay.

January 6, 1899 (Friday)

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January 7, 1899 (Saturday)

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January 8, 1899 (Sunday)

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January 9, 1899 (Monday)

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  • After a successful revolt against the Ottoman Empire by the inhabitants of the island of Crete, the area, which would join Greece, got its first constitution, with provisions for a provincial legislature of 138 Christian deputies and 50 Muslim deputies.
  • George F. Hoar, a U.S. Senator for Massachusetts, spoke out in the Senate against American expansion into the Philippines. The text of Hoar's was sent by cable to Hong Kong at a cost of $4,000, and would later be cited by Ambassador John Barrett on January 13, 1900, as an incitement to Filipino attacks on U.S. troops.[1]

January 10, 1899 (Tuesday)

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January 11, 1899 (Wednesday)

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  • The Steel Plate Transferrers' Association, the first labor union for workers skilled in siderography (the engraving and mass reproduction of steel plates for newspaper printing) was established. After changing its name to the International Association of Siderographers, it would have 80 members at its peak. It would dissolve in 1991, with only eight members left. Stewart, Estelle May (1936). Handbook of American trade-unions: 1936 edition. United States Bureau of Labor Statistics. United States Government Printing Office.
  • Born: Eva Le Gallienne, English-born American stage actress; in London (d. 1991)

January 12, 1899 (Thursday)

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January 13, 1899 (Friday)

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January 14, 1899 (Saturday)

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January 15, 1899 (Sunday)

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  • The name of Puerto Rico was changed by the new U.S. military government to "Porto Rico".[5] It would not be changed back until May 17, 1932.
  • Born: Goodman Ace, American actor, comedian and writer; as Goodman Aiskowitz in Kansas City, Missouri (d. 1982)

January 16, 1899 (Monday)

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  • Eduardo Calceta was appointed as Chief of the Army (Jefe General) of the rebel Philippine Republic army by Emilio Aguinaldo.[6]

January 17, 1899 (Tuesday)

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January 18, 1899 (Wednesday)

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  • The General Assembly of the U.S. state of Pennsylvania began the task of filling the U.S. Senate seat of Matthew Quay, who had recently resigned after being indicted on criminal charges. After 79 ballots and three months, no candidate would have a majority, and the General Assembly would refuse to approve the governor's appointment of a successor. The seat would remains vacant for more than two years. The Pennsylvania experience later led to the 17th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution to provide for U.S. Senators to be directly elected by popular vote, rather than by the state legislatures.

January 19, 1899 (Thursday)

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  • The British colony of Anglo-Egyptian Sudan was formed. It would be disbanded in 1956.
  • Future film producer Szmuel Gelbfisz, born in Poland and later a resident of Germany and England, arrived in the United States at the age of 16. He would later Americanize his name to Samuel Goldwyn, co-founder of the company Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM).

January 20, 1899 (Friday)

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January 21, 1899 (Saturday)

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January 21: Opel car

January 22, 1899 (Sunday)

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  • The leaders of the six British colonies on the continent of Australia colonies met in Melbourne, to discuss the confederation of Australia as a whole.

January 23, 1899 (Monday)

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January 24, 1899 (Tuesday)

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January 25, 1899 (Wednesday)

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January 26, 1899 (Thursday)

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  • U.S. Representative George Henry White of North Carolina, the only African-American in Congress at the time, delivered his first major speech, speaking out against disenfranchisement of black voters and proposing that the number of representatives from a U.S. state should be based on the number of persons of voting age who actually cast ballots, rather than population. "[7]
  • German inventor Karl Ferdinand Braun, who would later share the 1909 Nobel Prize in Physics with Guglielmo Marconi, received British Patent No. 1899-1862 for his wireless radio invention "Telegraphy without directly connected wire".[8]

January 27, 1899 (Friday)

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  • Camille Jenatzy of France became the first man to drive an automobile more than 80 kilometers per hour, almost breaking the 50 mph barrier when he reaches an unprecedented speed of 80.35 kilometres per hour (49.93 mph) in his CGA Dogcart racecar. Jenatzy's speed was more than 20% faster than the January 17 mark of 66.65 kilometres per hour (41.41 mph) set by Gaston de Chasseloup-Laubat.
  • Born: Béla Guttmann, Hungarian-born soccer football coach who survived the Holocaust; in Budapest (d. 1981)

January 28, 1899 (Saturday)

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  • At a time when U.S. Senators were elected by the state legislature rather than by ballot, wealthy businessman William A. Clark was elected U.S. Senator after offering bribes to most of the members. The U.S. Senate would refuse to seat him after evidence of the bribery was revealed.[9]
  • The League of Peja, organized by Haxhi Zeka to lobby for a Kosovar Albanian state within the Ottoman Empire, attracted 450 delegates to its first convention, held at the city of Peja, now in the Republic of Kosovo.[10]

January 29, 1899 (Sunday)

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  • A lawyer for the estate of John W. Keely, an inventor who had persuaded investors in his Keely Motor Company that an automobile could be created that would operate from Keely's "induction resonance motion motor" that had achieved perpetual motion, revealed that the late Mr. Keely's motor had been a fraud, and that the widow knew nothing of it.[11]
  • Born: Antal Páger, Hungarian film actor; in Makó, Austria-Hungary (d. 1986)
  • Died: Alfred Sisley, 59, French impressionist landscape painter, died of throat cancer

January 30, 1899 (Monday)

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January 31, 1899 (Tuesday)

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References

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  1. ^ "Mr. Hoar's Part in the Filipino War". The New York Times. January 15, 1900. p. 1.
  2. ^ Nicholas Leach, Devon's Lifeboat Heritage. Chacewater: (Twelveheads Press, 2009) pp. 49–50.
  3. ^ "Canadian Pacific Railway", by Donald M. Bain, in Encyclopedia of North American Railroads. ed. by William D. Middleton, et al. (Indiana University Press, 2007) p. 197
  4. ^ "Vessel Goes Down at Night During a Squall and was Not Missed until Morning", San Francisco Call, January 15, 1899
  5. ^ William Dinwiddie, Puerto Rico, its Conditions and Possibilities (Harper & Brothers, 1899) p. 261
  6. ^ "Bohol participation in the Philippine Revolution". Webline Bohol, Philippines. Provincial Government of Bohol. 1999. Retrieved April 16, 2020.
  7. ^ George Henry White", in Black Americans in Congress, 1870-2007, ed. by Robert A. Brady (U.S. Government Printing Office, 2008) p. 260
  8. ^ Anton A. Huurdeman, The Worldwide History of Telecommunications (Wiley, 2003) p. 215
  9. ^ Joseph Kinsey Howard, Montana: High, Wide, and Handsome (University of Nebraska Press, 2003) p. 67
  10. ^ George Gawrych, The Crescent and the Eagle: Ottoman Rule, Islam and the Albanians, 1874-1913 (Bloomsbury Publishing, 2006) p. 125
  11. ^ Arthur W. J. G. Ord-Hume, Perpetual Motion (Adventures Unlimited Press, 2015) p.146

February 1899

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The following events occurred in February 1899:

February 1, 1899 (Wednesday)

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  • Ranavalona III, who had been the Queen of Madagascar until being deposed on February 28, 1897, was sent into exile by French colonial authorities, along with the rest of the royal family. She departed on the ship Yang-Tse on a 28-day trip to Marseilles.[1]
  • The Suntory whisky distiller in Japan was opened by Shinjiro Torii in Osaka as a store selling imported wines.

February 2, 1899 (Thursday)

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February 3, 1899 (Friday)

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February 4, 1899 (Saturday)

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February 5, 1899 (Sunday)

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The first major battle of the Philippine–American War concluded with the capture by the U.S. of the San Juan River Bridge that connects Manila and San Juan. U.S. Army General Arthur MacArthur Jr. led troops of the U.S. Army Eighth Corps to victory over Filipino troops commanded by General Antonio Luna. In the two-day battle, 55 U.S. soldiers and 238 Filipino soldiers were killed.[5]

February 6, 1899 (Monday)

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  • A peace treaty between the United States and Spain was ratified by the United States Senate by a vote of 57 to 27 to end the Spanish–American War.
  • Born: Ramon Novarro, Mexican-born American film actor and leading man; in Durango (d. 1968)
  • Died:
    • Leo von Caprivi, 67, Chancellor of Germany 1890 to 1894
    • Prince Alfred of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, 24, German noble who was a grandson of Queen Victoria of the British Empire, and heir to the Duchy of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, died after a brief illness. His father, Duke Alfred, would die 17 months later; the Duchy would be abolished along with the German monarchy in 1918.

February 7, 1899 (Tuesday)

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February 8, 1899 (Wednesday)

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  • Protesting against the government of Russia broke out at Saint Petersburg University and mounted police violently responded to the group, causing a riot.[6]

February 9, 1899 (Thursday)

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  • The Dodge Commission exonerated the U.S. Department of War from responsibility in the United States Army beef scandal, where meatpacking companies supplied low-grade, putrefied beef to American soldiers during the Spanish American War and caused an unquantified number of cases of food poisoning. While War Secretary Russell Alger was not accused of criminal negligence, the Commission implied that he was incompetent and he was later forced to resign.[7]

February 10, 1899 (Friday)

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February 11, 1899 (Saturday)

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  • The coldest temperature recorded up to that time in the continental United States was set as Fort Logan, Montana records a low of −61 °F (−52 °C).[9]
  • Died: Teuku Umar, 44, Indonesian guerrilla leader who led the Acehnese Rebellion against the Netherlands colonial government of the Dutch East Indies, was killed in an ambush.

February 12, 1899 (Sunday)

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  • The Great Blizzard of 1899 struck the east coast of the United States, causing subzero temperatures as far south as southern Florida for two days and destroying the citrus fruit crop that year.

February 13, 1899 (Monday)

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  • In New York, the White Star ocean liner SS Germanic, already laden with ice and snow during its voyage from Liverpool, became even more weighed down after disembarking its passengers when the New York City blizzard struck. With 3,600,000 pounds (1,600,000 kg) of added weight, the ship began to list sideways and additional weight entered cargo doors that had been opened for refuelling. Germanic remained on the bottom New York Harbor for more than a week while salvaging goes on, then requ couldrefurbishing for three months, but became operational again.[10]

February 14, 1899 (Tuesday)

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February 15, 1899 (Wednesday)

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  • The February Manifesto was issued by the Emperor of Russia, decreeing that a veto by the Diet of Finland could be overruled in legislative matters concerning the interest of all Russia, including autonomous Finland. The manifesto was viewed as unconstitutional and a coup d'état by many Finns, who had come to consider their country a separate constitutional state in its own right, in union with the Russian Empire. Furthermore, the manifesto also failed to elaborate the criteria that a law had to meet in order to be considered to concern Russian imperial interests, and not an internal affair of Finland (affairs over which the Diet's authority was supposed to have remained unaltered), leaving it to be decided by the autocratic Emperor. This resulted in Finnish fears that the Diet of Finland could be overruled arbitrarily.
  • Born:

February 16, 1899 (Thursday)

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February 17, 1899 (Friday)

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February 18, 1899 (Saturday)

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February 19, 1899 (Sunday)

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  • In Venezuela, the former Minister of War, Major General Ramón Guerra, angry with the reforms of President Ignacio Andrade, proclaimed the state of Guárico as an independent territory. President Andrade ordered General Augusto Lutowsky to crush the rebellion and Guerra fled to Colombia, but would later come back as Minister of War.[12]
  • Born: Ehrenfried Pfeiffer, German and American biodynamic agriculture scientist; in Munich (d. 1961)

February 20, 1899 (Monday)

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  • Discussions among members of a joint Anglo-American commission, set up by U.S. President William McKinley and Canadian Prime Minister Wilfrid Laurier to resolve the Alaska boundary dispute, ended abruptly after it was clear that the U.S. would not make any concessions. In response, Laurier made clear that Canada would make no further concessions with the U.S. in trade.[13]

February 21, 1899 (Tuesday)

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February 22, 1899 (Wednesday)

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February 23, 1899 (Thursday)

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February 24, 1899 (Friday)

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  • The works of Catholic priest and theologian Herman Schell, including the recently published Der Katholicismus als Princip des Fortschritts and Die neue Zeit und der alte Glaube were placed by the Roman Catholic Church on its Index Librorum Prohibitorum, the list of banned books.

February 25, 1899 (Saturday)

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  • In an accident at Grove Hill, Harrow, London, England, Edwin Sewell became the world's first driver of a gasoline-powered vehicle to be killed. His passenger, Major James Richer, died of injuries three days later.[15]
  • Died: Paul Reuter (pen name for Israel Beer Josaphat), 82, German-born British journalist who founded the Reuters news agency in 1851

February 26, 1899 (Sunday)

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February 27, 1899 (Monday)

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February 28, 1899 (Tuesday)

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  • U.S. President William McKinley approved a law increasing the pension to American Civil War veterans, both Union and Confederate, to $25.00 per month.[17]

March 1899

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The following events occurred in March 1899:

March 1, 1899 (Wednesday)

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March 2, 1899 (Thursday)

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March 3, 1899 (Friday)

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  • Guglielmo Marconi conducted radio beacon experiments on Salisbury Plain in England and noticed that radio waves were being reflected back to the transmitter by objects they encountered, one of the early steps in the potential for developing radar.[18]
  • Died: William P. Sprague, 71, U.S. Representative for Ohio 1871-1875

March 4, 1899 (Saturday)

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March 5, 1899 (Sunday)

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March 6, 1899 (Monday)

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March 6: Aspirin

March 7, 1899 (Tuesday)

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  • The Provisional Law on the Judiciary was issued in the Philippines to provide for the selection of a Chief Justice.

March 8, 1899 (Wednesday)

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March 9, 1899 (Thursday)

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March 10, 1899 (Friday)

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  • The U.S. state of Delaware enacted its general corporation act that would make it the most important jurisdiction in United States corporate law.
  • At the Battle of Balantang, the U.S. Army sustained 400 casualties in an attack by Philippine troops under the command of Pascual Magbanua.

March 11, 1899 (Saturday)

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March 12, 1899 (Sunday)

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March 13, 1899 (Monday)

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March 14, 1899 (Tuesday)

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March 15, 1899 (Wednesday)

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March 16, 1899 (Thursday)

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March 17, 1899 (Friday)

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March 18, 1899 (Saturday)

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  • Phoebe, the ninth-known moon of the planet Saturn was discovered by U.S. astronomer William Pickering from analysis of photographic plates made by a Peruvian observatory seven months earlier, the first discovery of a satellite photographically.
  • Died: Othniel Marsh, 67, American paleontologist at Yale University and former President of the National Academy of Sciences; among the dinosaur species named in his honor are Hoplitosaurus marshi, Othnielosaurus consors and the Marshosaurus.

March 19, 1899 (Sunday)

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March 20, 1899 (Monday)

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March 21, 1899 (Tuesday)

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March 22, 1899 (Wednesday)

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  • The coronation of Malietoa Tanumafili I as King of Samoa took place. He had become the Malieota of the South Pacific island when his father died on August 22.[28]

March 23, 1899 (Thursday)

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  • The U.S. cruiser USS Philadelphia and the Royal Navy cruisers HMS Porpoise and HMS Royalist bombarded rebel-held villages in Samoa after an attack on Apia.[28]

March 24, 1899 (Friday)

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March 25, 1899 (Saturday)

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March 26, 1899 (Sunday)

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March 27, 1899 (Monday)

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March 28, 1899 (Tuesday)

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March 29, 1899 (Wednesday)

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March 30, 1899 (Thursday)

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  • The British steamer Stella sank in the English Channel with the loss of 80 people after wrecking against Les Casquets, a group of rocks near the Channel Islands.[28]

March 31, 1899 (Friday)

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April 1899

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April 1, 1899 (Saturday)

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April 2, 1899 (Sunday)

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April 3, 1899 (Monday)

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April 4, 1899 (Tuesday)

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  • Cuba's General Assembly voted to disband the Cuban army and to accept U.S. sovereignty.[28]
  • The German Imperial Navy warship SMS Jaguar, which would be scuttled after losing the 1914 Siege of Tsingtao, began service.

April 5, 1899 (Wednesday)

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  • A team of five European geologists and 30 African laborers set out from Northern Rhodesia to explore the minerals of central Africa for the British company Tanganyika Concessions, Ltd. (TCL). Discovering that the most valuable copper deposits were in the Congo Free State, TCL made an unsuccessful attempt to purchase full rights from King Leopold of Belgium.
  • Born: Elsie Thompson, at 113 the second-oldest living American for three months preceding her death; in Pennsylvania (d. 2013)

April 6, 1899 (Thursday)

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April 7, 1899 (Friday)

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April 8, 1899 (Saturday)

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April 9, 1899 (Sunday)

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  • In Uganda, King Chwa II Kabalega of the Bunyoro kingdom, a leader of the fight against British colonial occupation, was taken prisoner after being shot in a battle near Hoima. Kabalega was exiled to the Seychelles in the South Pacific ocean and remained there until 1923.
  • The Greek ship Maria sank after a collision with the British steamer Kingswell in the Mediterranean and 45 people drowned.[28]
  • The Battle of Santa Cruz began in the Philippines between U.S. Army troops and nationalists of the First Philippine Republic. After a two day battle, 93 Filipino fighters and one American soldier were dead.
  • Born: General Hans Jeschonnek, Chief of the German General Staff in the Luftwaffe during World War II; in Hohensalza, now Inowrocław in Poland (committed suicide after the bombing of Peenemünde, 1943)

April 10, 1899 (Monday)

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  • Seven people were shot and killed in a gun battle at the Springside Mine at Pana, Illinois, between striking white union coal miners, and African-Americans hired as strikebreakers by the company.[28] Five of the dead were black, including the wife of one of the non-union miners, along with one white miner and a white sheriff's deputy.

April 11, 1899 (Tuesday)

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  • U.S. President William McKinley declared the Spanish-American War to be at an end as the Treaty of Paris between the U.S. and Spain went into effect. Ratifications were exchanged between McKinley and French Ambassador Jules Cambon on behalf of Spain. Puerto Rico, the Philippines and Guam were ceded to the U.S. and Cuba became an American protectorate.[28]
  • Born: Percy L. Julian, African-American research chemist who was the first to synthesize hormones from plant sterols, making the way for mass production of progestrone, testosterone, cortisone and physostigmine; in Montgomery, Alabama (d. 1975)
  • Died: Lascăr Catargiu, 75, four-time prime minister of Romania between 1866 and 1895

April 12, 1899 (Wednesday)

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April 13, 1899 (Thursday)

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  • The British freighter City of York departed from the U.S. port of San Francisco with a crew of 27 and a cargo of Oregon timber bound for Fremantle in Australia, but never reached its destination, wrecking on the reefs at Rottnest Island on July 12.

April 14, 1899 (Friday)

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  • British Army troops in Hong Kong attacked the Walled City of Kowloon on orders of colonial Governor Henry Blake, based on intelligence that Chinese Imperial Army troops had been stationed behind the walls to subvert Britain's 1898 lease. By April 19, the British commander discovered that the Chinese troops had already departed and that only 150 civilians remained.

April 15, 1899 (Saturday)

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April 16, 1899 (Sunday)

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April 17, 1899 (Monday)

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April 18, 1899 (Tuesday)

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April 19, 1899 (Wednesday)

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April 20, 1899 (Thursday)

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April 21, 1899 (Friday)

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April 22, 1899 (Saturday)

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April 23, 1899 (Sunday)

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April 24, 1899 (Monday)

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April 25, 1899 (Tuesday)

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April 26, 1899 (Wednesday)

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April 27, 1899 (Thursday)

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April 28, 1899 (Friday)

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  • The United Kingdom and the Russian Empire signed the Anglo-Russian Agreement formalizing their spheres of influence in China, essentially agreeing that Britain would not seek railway concessions north of the Great Wall of China, and Russia would avoid doing the same in the Yangtze River valley in southern China.[30]

April 29, 1899 (Saturday)

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April 30, 1899 (Sunday)

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  • In the Philippines, the U.S. established a protectorate over the Republic of Negros, a semi-independent government for Negros Island, separate from the rest of the Philippine Islands. The Republic would exist until its annexation to the rest of the U.S. territory on April 20, 1901.
  • Died: Lewis Baker, 66, U.S. politician and diplomat who served as the U.S. Minister to Costa Rica, El Salvador and Nicaragua from 1893 to 1897; from anemia

May 1, 1899 (Monday)

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  • U.S. Navy Admiral George Dewey reported that 10 officers and crew of the ship USS Yorktown been taken prisoner by the Philippine republic.[31]

May 2, 1899 (Tuesday)

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May 3, 1899 (Wednesday)

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May 4, 1899 (Thursday)

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  • The thoroughbred horse Manuel, ridden by Fred Taral, won the 25th running of the Kentucky Derby.
  • Inventor John Matthias Stroh applied for the patent for his new invention, the "Stroh violin", a stringed musical instrument with an amplifying horn attached. British Patent No. GB9418 was granted on March 24, 1900.

May 5, 1899 (Friday)

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May 6, 1899 (Saturday)

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  • The first democratic elections in Philippine history were held, for a municipal government for Baliuag in the province of Bulacan.
  • Born: Billy Cotton, English band leader; in Westminster (d. 1969)

May 7, 1899 (Sunday)

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May 8, 1899 (Monday)

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May 9, 1899 (Tuesday)

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May 10, 1899 (Wednesday)

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May 11, 1899 (Thursday)

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  • Alberto Santos-Dumont attempted the first test flight of his Airship No. 2, but rain cooled the hydrogen during the ship's inflation and a gust of wind blew it into nearby trees, where it was destroyed.[34]
  • Died: William Porcher Miles, 76, American politician and secessionist, one of several U.S. Congressmen (1857-1860) who left to become a member of the Confederate House of Representatives during the American Civil War

May 12, 1899 (Friday)

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  • The first trade union for railway employees in Sweden, the Svenska Järnvägsmannaförbundet (Sweden Railworkers' League) was founded. It would last until its 1970 mergers into a labor union of Swedish government employees.
  • Born: Indra Devi, Latvian-born India and U.S. yoga instructor who brought yoga to China and the U.S.; as Evgeniya Peterson in Riga, Livonia Governate, Russian Empire (d. 2002)
  • Died:

May 13, 1899 (Saturday)

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May 14, 1899 (Sunday)

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May 15, 1899 (Monday)

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  • A clue to the fate of the British freighter Pelican, which disappeared in October 1897 along with 40 crew, was found in a message in a bottle that washed ashore at Portage Bay in the U.S. state of Washington.
  • Born: General Jean Étienne Valluy, French Army officer who was commander of Army of France troops in French Indochina during the fight against the Viet Minh; in Rive-de-Gier, Loire département (d. 1970)

May 16, 1899 (Tuesday)

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  • British troops in the leased Chinese territory of Hong Kong took control of the city of Kowloon.[31]
  • The last Spaniards remaining in the Philippine Islands, after the cession to the U.S., departed from the island of Basilan.
  • Died:
    • William Nast, German-born religious leader and founder of the German Methodist Church in the U.S.
    • Francisque Sarcey, 71, French journalist and stage critic

May 17, 1899 (Wednesday)

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May 18, 1899 (Thursday)

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May 19, 1899 (Friday)

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  • The U.S. Army captured Tawi-Tawi, the southernmost island in the Philippines.[35]
  • Died: Charles R. Buckalew, 77, U.S. Senator 1863-1869 and U.S. Representative 1887-1891, American politician and diplomat, ambasador to Ecuador 1858-1861

May 20, 1899 (Saturday)

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May 21, 1899 (Sunday)

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  • The crew of the Royal Navy ship HMS Narcissus sighted a large sea creature estimated to be 150 feet (46 m) long in the Mediterranean Sea near Algeria and reported that it propelled itself by means of "an immense number of fins", as well as being able to spout water from several points on its body. The creature was not seen again after the lone encounter.[37]
  • The town of Porosow in Poland (now Porazava in Belarus) was destroyed by fire.[35]

May 22, 1899 (Monday)

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May 23, 1899 (Tuesday)

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  • Major General Henry W. Lawton and his troops arrived in Manolos, capital of the First Philippine Republic, after a 120-mile march in 20 days that had captured 28 towns with a loss of only six men.[35]
  • Born: Jeralean Talley, American supercentenarian who was recognized as the oldest living person in the world from April 6 to June 17 of 2015, dying 25 days after her 116th birthday; in Montrose, Georgia

May 24, 1899 (Wednesday)

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May 25, 1899 (Thursday)

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May 26, 1899 (Friday)

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  • The guns of the British warship HMS Scylla, commanded by Captain Percy Scott, hit their targets 56 out of 70 times after Scott and his crew solved the problem of aiming a ship cannon on rolling seas.[39]

May 27, 1899 (Saturday)

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May 28, 1899 (Sunday)

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May 29, 1899 (Monday)

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  • The Spanish system of courts in the Philippines, closed since the American occupation began, was revived under U.S. sovereignty and regulation.[35]

May 30, 1899 (Tuesday)

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  • Female outlaw Pearl Hart robbed a stage coach 30 miles (48 km) southeast of Globe, Arizona.
  • Born: Irving Thalberg, American film producer of more than 400 movies and Academy Award winner known for Mutiny on the Bounty, Grand Hotel, The Broadway Melody; in Brooklyn, New York City (died of pneumonia, 1936)

May 31, 1899 (Wednesday)

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June 1899

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June 1, 1899 (Thursday)

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June 2, 1899 (Friday)

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June 3, 1899 (Saturday)

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  • France's Court of Cassation ordered a reopening of the 1894 conviction for treason of French Army Captain Alfred Dreyfus after evidence of a wrongful conviction was made public, and directed that Dreyfus be returned to France after five years of imprisonment on Devil's Island off of the coast of South America.[35]
  • The United States and Spain resumed diplomatic relations, as U.S. President McKinley received the Duke of Arcos as the new Minister for Spain.[35]
  • Born: Georg von Békésy, Hungarian biophysicist, recipient of the 1961 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine; in Budapest (d. 1972)
  • Died: Johann Strauss, 73, Austrian dance music composer known for the waltz tune The Blue Danube, and writer of hundreds of dance melodies for waltzes, polkas and quadrilles

June 4, 1899 (Sunday)

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June 5, 1899 (Monday)

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June 6, 1899 (Tuesday)

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  • The U.S. military government of the Philippines directed that the 1885 Alien Contract Labor Law, which prohibited the importation of foreign workers into the United States, be applied to bringing persons other than Americans into the Philippines.

June 7, 1899 (Wednesday)

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June 8, 1899 (Thursday)

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June 9, 1899 (Friday)

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June 10, 1899 (Saturday)

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  • Under the terms of the Samoa Tripartite Convention, Germany, the United Kingdom and the United States formed a colonial government to administer a protectorate over the islands of Samoa, with each nation providing an administrative consul to decide on the island's relations with foreign powers. The government would last less than nine months, and Germany annexed the western part of Samoa on March 1, 1900, leaving the U.S. to control what was now American Samoa.
  • Died: French classical composer Ernest Chausson, 44, was killed not long after his career began to flourish, when his bicycle crashed into a brick wall as he was riding down a hill. The death was ruled to be an accident, although later biographers would speculate that Chausson committed suicide.

June 11, 1899 (Sunday)

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June 12, 1899 (Monday)

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June 13, 1899 (Tuesday)

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June 14, 1899 (Wednesday)

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  • Hiram M. Hiller Jr., William Henry Furness III and Alfred Craven Harrison Jr. set off on their third research expedition to gather archeological, cultural, zoological, and botanical specimens for museums, with a focus on South Asia and Australia.

June 15, 1899 (Thursday)

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June 16, 1899 (Friday)

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  • Japan's commercial code, the Shōhō, went into effect after having been promulgated on March 9. The Shōhō, as amended, applies to Japanese business today.[21] The new code replaced the Kyu-shoho that had come into force on July 1, 1893.
  • The United States and Barbados signed a trade treaty.[35]
  • Born: Helen Traubel, American soprano; in St. Louis (d. 1972)

June 17, 1899 (Saturday)

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June 18, 1899 (Sunday)

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June 19, 1899 (Monday)

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  • The Anglo-Egyptian Sudan was created in northeast Africa to be as a territory to be administered jointly by Egypt and the United Kingdom, through an Egyptian governor-general appointed with consent of the UK, although in practice it became administered as part of the British Empire. The arrangement would continue for more than 50 years until the overthrow of the Egyptian monarchy in 1952 and the granting of independence to the Republic of Sudan in 1956.
  • Edward Elgar's Enigma Variations premiered in London.
  • Died: Lorenzo Danford, 69, U.S. Representative since 1895, formerly Representative from 1873-1879

June 20, 1899 (Tuesday)

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  • Voters in the British colony of New South Wales overwhelmingly approved a resolution to join the proposed Federation of Australia.[45]
  • The right-wing nationalist movement Action Française was formed in France.

June 21, 1899 (Wednesday)

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June 22, 1899 (Thursday)

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June 23, 1899 (Friday)

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June 24, 1899 (Saturday)

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June 25, 1899 (Sunday)

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June 26, 1899 (Monday)

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June 27, 1899 (Tuesday)

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June 28, 1899 (Wednesday)

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  • In Nigeria, British authorities publicly hanged King Ologbosere Irabor outside of the courthouse at Benin City, days after he was captured and convicted of ordering the massacre of a party dispatched by the British consul.[51]

June 29, 1899 (Thursday)

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June 30, 1899 (Friday)

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  • Mile-a-Minute Murphy earned his nickname after he became the first man to ride a bicycle for one-mile (1.6 km) in under a minute. Murphy accomplished his feat on Long Island of the U.S. state of New York while being paced by a Long Island Railroad engine, pedaling his bike one mile in 57.8 seconds for an average speed of 62.28 miles per hour.[45]
  • Born: Madge Bellamy, American stage actress and silent film leading lady; in Hillsboro, Texas (d. 1990)
  • Died: E. D. E. N. Southworth (Emma Dorothy Eliza Nevitte Southworth), 79, popular American novelist known for The Hidden Hand and the creation of the heroine Capitola Black

July 1899

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July 1, 1899 (Saturday)

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July 2, 1899 (Sunday)

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July 3, 1899 (Monday)

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July 4, 1899 (Tuesday)

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July 5, 1899 (Wednesday)

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  • In Chicago, the first juvenile court in the United States, the Cook County Circuit Court Juvenile Justice Division, heard its first cases with R. S. Tuthill as its judge.[53]
  • The 1895 Trade and Navigation agreement between the Japanese and Russian empires went into effect, with each country given "a full freedom of ship and cargo entrance to all places, ports, and rivers on the other country's territory."[54]
  • Born: Marcel Achard, French playwright, scriptwriter; in Sainte-Foy-lès-Lyon, Rhône département (d. 1974)

July 6, 1899 (Thursday)

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  • An assassin attempted to kill Milan Obrenović, who had been King of Serbia before abdicating in 1889, and had more recently been appointed by his son, King Alexander, as Commander-in-chief of the Serbian Army. General Obrenović was uninjured, but built a campaign to seek out and arrest the radicals in Serbia.
  • Born: Susannah Mushatt Jones, American supercentenarian and the last surviving American born in the 19th century; in Lowndes County, Alabama (d. 2016)

July 7, 1899 (Friday)

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July 8, 1899 (Saturday)

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July 9, 1899 (Sunday)

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  • The Latin American Plenary Council, called by Pope Leo XIII on December 25 for the Roman Catholic bishops of lands in Central America and South America to address the question of "how to guard the interests of the Latin race", closes in Rome after six weeks. The bishops agreed that Catholics should not "celebrate with heretics" (specifically, non-Catholics) in religious ceremonies or attend heretic church services, on pain of excommunication; that every republic in Latin America should have "a truly Catholic University" for education in the "sciences, literature and the good arts"; that missionary work to the Indian populations was "the grave duty of the ecclesiastical as well as civil authority to carry civilization to the tribes that remain faithless"; and that priests should be encouraged to study at the Pius Latin American Seminary in Rome.[55]

July 10, 1899 (Monday)

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July 11, 1899 (Tuesday)

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July 12, 1899 (Wednesday)

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July 13, 1899 (Thursday)

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July 14, 1899 (Friday)

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July 15, 1899 (Saturday)

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  • Japan's first comprhensive copyright law formed effect and, on the same day, Japan agreed to join the Berne Convention on respect of copyright laws of other nations.
  • General Emilio Aguinaldo, who had commanded the Filipino resistance against the Spanish government, informed the U.S. Army General Thomas M. Anderson that he intended to assume authority for the Philippine Islands in areas conquered by the Filipinos from the Spaniards.[56]
  • Born: Seán Lemass, Taoiseach (Prime Minister) of Ireland, 1959-1966; in Ballybrack, Dublin (d. 1971)

July 16, 1899 (Sunday)

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  • The first soccer football game in El Salvador between two organized teams took place at the Campo Marte field in Santa Ana, where a local team hosted a team of players from San Salvador. The Santa Ana team wins, 2 to 0.[57]
  • Born: Božidar Jakac, Slovene Expressionist, Realist and Symbolist painter, printmaker, art teacher, photographer and filmmaker; in Rudolfovo, Austria-Hungary (now Novo Mesto, Slovenia) (d. 1989)
  • Died:

July 17, 1899 (Monday)

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July 18, 1899 (Tuesday)

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  • The patent for the first sofa bed (a foldable bed frame that can be stored under the cushions of a couch) was taken out by African-American inventor Leonard C. Bailey. He received U.S. Patent No. 629,286 on June 2, 1900.
  • Died: Horatio Alger, 67, American author of novels for young adults known for his regular theme of "rags-to-riches" of teenage boys who became wealthy through luck or through hard work

July 19, 1899 (Wednesday)

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  • U.S. Secretary of War Russell A. Alger resigned at the request of U.S. President McKinley, following public outrage over the United States Army beef scandal, in which the War Department purchased tainted beef for soldiers during the Spanish-American War.

July 20, 1899 (Thursday)

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July 21, 1899 (Friday)

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July 22, 1899 (Saturday)

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  • The torture and lynching of Frank Embree took place in the town of Fayette, Missouri, after Embree, a black 19-year-old man, was accused by a mob of raping a white 14-year-old girl. Shortly after Embree had received 100 lashes from a whip, a photographer took Embree's photo, followed by another one after Embree's hanging.[63]
  • Born: King Sobhuza II of Swaziland, Paramount Chief of the Swazi people 1899 to 1968, King 1968-1982; in Zombodze (d. 1982)

July 23, 1899 (Sunday)

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July 24, 1899 (Monday)

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  • In the first trade treaty signed by the U.S. after the passage of the Dingley Act, which authorized the U.S. President to negotiate reductions of tariffs up to 20% if the other side did the same, France and the United States signed an agreement for a 20% reduction of France's existing tariffs on 635 of 654 specific items, in return for the U.S. reduction between 5% and 20% of duty fees on 126 items.[64]
  • Born: Chief Dan George, Canadian First Nations film actor, writer and tribal chief of the Tsleil-Waututh First Nation, known for Little Big Man and The Outlaw Josey Wales; as Geswanouth Slahoot in Tsleil-Waututh, British Columbia (d. 1981)

July 25, 1899 (Tuesday)

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July 26, 1899 (Wednesday)

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July 27, 1899 (Thursday)

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July 28, 1899 (Friday)

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  • The All Cubans, a team of professional baseball players from Cuba, began a barnstorming tour of games against white and black teams, starting with a 12-4 win over a local team at Weehawken, New Jersey.

July 29, 1899 (Saturday)

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July 30, 1899 (Sunday)

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July 31, 1899 (Monday)

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August 1899

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August 1, 1899 (Tuesday)

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August 2, 1899 (Wednesday)

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August 3, 1899 (Thursday)

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August 4, 1899 (Friday)

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August 5, 1899 (Saturday)

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August 6, 1899 (Sunday)

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August 7, 1899 (Monday)

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August 8, 1899 (Tuesday)

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August 9, 1899 (Wednesday)

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August 10, 1899 (Thursday)

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August 11, 1899 (Friday)

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August 12, 1899 (Saturday)

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August 13, 1899 (Sunday)

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August 14, 1899 (Monday)

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August 15, 1899 (Tuesday)

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August 16, 1899 (Wednesday)

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August 17, 1899 (Thursday)

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August 18, 1899 (Friday)

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August 19, 1899 (Saturday)

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August 20, 1899 (Sunday)

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August 21, 1899 (Monday)

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August 22, 1899 (Tuesday)

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August 23, 1899 (Wednesday)

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August 24, 1899 (Thursday)

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August 25, 1899 (Friday)

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August 26, 1899 (Saturday)

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August 27, 1899 (Sunday)

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August 28, 1899 (Monday)

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August 29, 1899 (Tuesday)

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August 30, 1899 (Wednesday)

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August 31, 1899 (Thursday)

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September

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September 1, 1899 (Friday)

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September 2, 1899 (Saturday)

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September 3, 1899 (Sunday)

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September 4, 1899 (Monday)

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September 5, 1899 (Tuesday)

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September 6, 1899 (Wednesday)

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September 7, 1899 (Thursday)

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September 8, 1899 (Friday)

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September 9, 1899 (Saturday)

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September 10, 1899 (Sunday)

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September 11, 1899 (Monday)

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September 12, 1899 (Tuesday)

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September 13, 1899 (Wednesday)

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September 14, 1899 (Thursday)

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September 15, 1899 (Friday)

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September 16, 1899 (Saturday)

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September 17, 1899 (Sunday)

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September 18, 1899 (Monday)

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September 19, 1899 (Tuesday)

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September 20, 1899 (Wednesday)

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September 21, 1899 (Tuesday)

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September 22, 1899 (Wednesday)

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September 23, 1899 (Thursday)

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September 24, 1899 (Friday)

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September 25, 1899 (Saturday)

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September 26, 1899 (Sunday)

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September 27, 1899 (Monday)

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September 28, 1899 (Tuesday)

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September 29, 1899 (Wednesday)

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September 30, 1899 (Thursday)

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October

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October 1, 1899 (Friday)

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References

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  1. ^ Marie-France Barrier, Ranavalona, dernière reine de Madagascar (Balland, 1996) pp. 273-274
  2. ^ Kenneth N. Johnson, Kansas University Basketball Legends (Arcadia Publishing, 2013)
  3. ^ "The White Man's Burden", commentary by Mary Hamer, The Kipling Society
  4. ^ "Dr. Virginia M. Alexander". U.S. National Library of Medicine. Retrieved October 18, 2017.
  5. ^ Brian McAllister Linn, The Philippine War, 1899–1902 (University Press of Kansas, 2000) p. 52
  6. ^ Sergei Pushkarev, Self-government and Freedom In Russia (Taylor & Francis, 2019)
  7. ^ "War Department Investigating Commission", by Joseph Smith, in The War of 1898, and U.S. Interventions, 1898–1934: An Encyclopedia, ed. by Benjamin R. Beede (Taylor & Francis, 1994) pp. 582-584
  8. ^ "Accuses Kansas Colonel; Lieut. Hall, by Affidavits of Others, Charges W.S. Metcalf with Shooting an Unarmed Prisoner", New York Times, November 21, 1899
  9. ^ "Climate History: The Great Arctic Outbreak of February 1899", National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)
  10. ^ Ian Collard, The British Cruise Ship An Illustrated History 1844-1939 (Amberley Publishing, 2013)
  11. ^ "Loubet, Émile François", Encyclopædia Britannica, 11th edition, Volume 17 (1911), p. 26
  12. ^ Brian S. McBeth, Gunboats, Corruption, and Claims: Foreign Intervention in Venezuela, 1899-1908 (Greenwood Press, 2001) pp. 13-14
  13. ^ "Laurier, Sir Wilfrid", by Réal Bélanger, in Dictionary of Canadian Biography
  14. ^ Sunderlandships.com
  15. ^ "Motoring Firsts". National Motor Museum Trust. Archived from the original on August 21, 2010. Retrieved 2010-08-26.
  16. ^ "Marketing History as Social Responsibility", by Christopher Gerteis, in Japan Since 1945: From Postwar to Post-Bubble (Bloomsbury, 2013) p. 235
  17. ^ Anthony B. Cochran, Out of the Storm: A Legacy (Outskirts Press, 2018) p. 252
  18. ^ Andia, Gianfranco; Duroc, Yvan; Tedjini, Smail (2018-01-19). Non-Linearities in Passive RFID Systems: Third Harmonic Concept and Applications. ISBN 9781119490739.
  19. ^ Harry Barnard, Independent Man: The Life of Senator James Couzens (Wayne State University Press, 2002) p. 53
  20. ^ "Elmer Keith: 1899-1984", by John Taffin, sixguns.com
  21. ^ a b "Commercial and Corporate Law in Japan", by Harald Baum and Eiji Takahashi, in History of Law in Japan Since 1868 (Brill, 2005) p. 355
  22. ^ Anne Petrie, The Story of Kent (History Press, 2017)
  23. ^ "Jungner, Ernst Waldemar", in Innovators in Battery Technology: Profiles of 95 Influential Electrochemists, by Kevin Desmond (McFarland Publishing 2016) p. 116
  24. ^ "Encinal County Abolished", The Laws of Texas, 1897-1902, Volume 11 (Gammel Book Company, 1902) pp.10–11.
  25. ^ "Gotham Tragedy, Gotham Memory", by Christopher Gray, City-Journal (New York City), Winter 2003
  26. ^ "Windsor Hotel Lies in Ashes", The New York Times, March 18, 1899, p. 1
  27. ^ "World's oldest cinema to reopen in France's La Ciotat", France 24, September 10, 2013
  28. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k The American Monthly Review of Reviews (June 1899), pp. 539-542
  29. ^ Penguin Pocket On This Day. Penguin Reference Library. 2006. ISBN 0-14-102715-0.
  30. ^ Bruce A. Elleman, International Competition in China, 1899-1991 (Taylor & Francis, 2015) p. 10
  31. ^ a b c d The American Monthly Review of Reviews (June 1899), pp. 664-669
  32. ^ "Nurmijärwen murhamies renki Karl Emil Malmelin wangittu". Digikansalliskirjasto (in Finnish). Uusi Suometar. 25 May 1899. Retrieved 29 September 2021.
  33. ^ Keskisarja, Teemu (2015). Kirves: Toivo Harald Koljosen rikos ja rangaistus (in Finnish). Siltala. ISBN 978-952-234-324-6.
  34. ^ Alberto Santos-Dumont, My Airships: The Story of My Life (Riverside Press, 1904) p.117
  35. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l The American Monthly Review of Reviews (July 1899), pp. 25-29
  36. ^ Edward Robb Ellis, The Epic of New York City: A Narrative History (Avalon Press, 1966) p. 461
  37. ^ "Multifinned Sea Monster", in Mysterious Creatures: A Guide to Cryptozoology, ed. by George M. Eberhart (ABC-CLIO, 2002) p. 360
  38. ^ "Loreto: ¿Estado Federal o República?", by Fernando Meléndez Zumaeta, La Región (Lima), April 20, 2015
  39. ^ Norman Friedman, Naval Firepower: Battleship Guns and Gunnery in the Dreadnought Era (Pen & Sword Books Ltd., 2013) p. 18
  40. ^ Donovan Rawcliffe, Occult and Supernatural Phenomena (Dover Publications, 1988) p. 245
  41. ^ Carruth, Gordon, ed. (1962). The Encyclopedia of American Facts and Dates (3rd ed.). Thomas Y. Crowell. pp. 384–387.
  42. ^ "Herman swept from the earth". Evening World-Herald. June 14, 1899. Retrieved 2022-10-06 – via Newspapers.com.
  43. ^ Eric L. Mills, Biological Oceanography: An Early History, 1870-1960 (University of Toronto Press, 2012) p.83
  44. ^ Volkert, Klaus, ed. (2015). David Hilbert: Grundlagen der Geometrie. Springer. p. ix; Grattan-Guinness, Ivor (2005). Landmark Writings in Western Mathematics 1640-1940 Elsevier. p. 713.
  45. ^ a b c d e The American Monthly Review of Reviews (August 1899)
  46. ^ "Lee, Fitz", in African American War Heroes, ed. by James B. Martin (ABC-CLIO, 2014) p. 105
  47. ^ Ismail Hakkı Kadı and A.C.S. Peacock, Ottoman-Southeast Asian Relations (Brill, 2019) p. 385
  48. ^ Bertrand M. Roehner and Tony Syme, Pattern and Repertoire in History (Harvard University Press, 2009) p. 311
  49. ^ "BBC Two - Russia's Lost Princesses - Beyond the portraits". BBC. Retrieved 14 January 2022.
  50. ^ Inventors: Paperclip.
  51. ^ "Understanding sacrifice and sanctity in Benin indigenous relgion, Nigeria: a case study", by Flora Edouwaye S. Kaplan, in Beyond Primitivism: Indigenous Religious Traditions and Modernity, ed. by Jacob K. Olupona (Routledge, 2004) p. 198
  52. ^ Lewenson, Sandra B. (2013). Taking Charge: Nursing, Suffrage, and Feminism in America, 1873-1920. Routledge. p. 95.
  53. ^ "Cook County Juvenile Court", by Christopher M. Bellas, in Encyclopedia of Community Corrections (SAGE Publications, 2012) p. 84
  54. ^ "Military Activity in the EEZ: Exclusive or Excluded Right", by Captain Alexander S. Skaridov, in Freedom of Seas, Passage Rights and the 1982 Law of the Sea Convention (Martinus Nijhoff, 2009) p. 251
  55. ^ A History of Christianity in Asia, Africa, and Latin America, 1450-1990: A Documentary Sourcebook (Eerdmans Publishing, 2007) pp. 366-367
  56. ^ Dean C. Worcester, The Philippines Past and Present (Macmillan Company 1914, reprinted by Outlook Verlag 2018) p. 86
  57. ^ Gomez, Omar. "Historia" [History] (in Spanish). El Balon Cusctatleco. Retrieved 16 May 2011.
  58. ^ Henning, Joseph M. (2000). Outposts of Civilization: Race, Religion, and the Formative Years of American-Japanese Relations. New York University Press. p. 134.
  59. ^ " 'Corda e Sapone' (Rope and Soap): how the Italians were lynched in the USA" Archived May 15, 2018, at the Wayback Machine, by Ken Scambray, L'Italo-Americano (December 13, 2012)
  60. ^ Appletons' Annual Cyclopedia and Register of Important Events of the Year ... D. Appleton & Company. 1900. p. 619.
  61. ^ a b The American Monthly Review of Reviews (September 1899) pp. 277-280
  62. ^ "Hart Crane | American poet". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 27 July 2021.
  63. ^ Courtney Baker, Humane Insight: Looking at Images of African American Suffering and Death p. 55
  64. ^ David A. Lake, Power, Protection, and Free Trade: International Sources of U.S. Commercial Strategy, 1887–1939 (Cornell University Press, 2018) p. 130
  65. ^ "French Officers Punished— Gens. Pellieux and de Negrier and Capt. Villaneuve in Disgrace", The New York Times, July 26, 1899, p. 1
  66. ^ Berton, Pierre (1972). Klondike: The Last Great Gold Rush, 1896-1899. Anchor Canada.
  67. ^ C. E. Borchgrevink, First on the Antarctic Continent: Being an Account of the British Antarctic Expedition, 1898-1900 (London: George Newnes, Ltd., 1901)