User:Maliyath/sandbox

Introduction

This is my sandbox! The article I am working on, Display Rules, is currently submitted as a draft!

My Draft

Display rules are a social group's informal norms about when, where, and how one should express emotions. They can be described as culturally prescribed rules that people learn early on in their lives by interactions and socializations with other people. Because display rules vary greatly across cultures, there is no standard set for them. In addition to the cultural aspect, display rules also vary in high-contact and low-contact cultures.

The way in which emotions are conveyed differ substantially between people in different contexts. These unique emotional displays can help identify one's individualistic nature. These emotions can be accurately pinpointed to a certain behavior in a certain environment. In the presence of others, one's way of behaving may be skewed due to the specific context that they are in. This may vary from person to person, and may run in families.

The understanding of display rules is a complex, multifaceted task. Display rules are understood differentially depending upon their mode of expression (verbal/facial) and the motivation for their use (prosocial/self-protective).

Culture

Culture is defined as "shared behaviors, beliefs, attitudes, and values communicated from generation to generation via language or some other means." Unique individuals within cultures acquire differences affecting displays of emotions emphasized by one's status, role, and diverse behaviors. These factors contribute to cultural variability and salient dimensions which capitalize the importance of developed displays of emotions.

An example of cultural differences in regard to display rules is evident through an experiment using Canadian, American, and Japanese University students. The results of the study showed that Japanese display rules allowed the expressions of strong emotions (either positive or negative) such as anger, contempt, disgust, happiness, or surprise far less than either American or Canadian display rules. In comparison to those in Western cultures, people in Asian cultures are more likely to to hide their emotions (anger, disgust, intense excitement) in public and private settings due to a cultural difference. This differs in Mexican culture, where emotions are welcome to be openly displayed, much like American culture.

High and low-contact cultures also vary in the amount of physical interaction and direct contact there is during one-on-one communication. High-contact cultures involve people practicing direct eye contact, frequent touching, physical contact, and having close proximity to others. Examples of countries that have a high-contact culture include Mexico, Italy, and Brazil. Low-contact cultures involve people who practice little touching, have indirect body orientation, less direct eye contact, and more proximity between people. Examples of countries that have a low-contact culture include the United States, Canada, and Japan.

My edits

• I plan to revise the Display Rules article by removing the bias that the article is written with. I also plan to work to eradicate the personal reflection or opinion like essay format it is written with. Wikipedia articles should be written without personal feelings towards a topic, and should be viewed objectively, not subjectively. In addition, I plan to contribute to the article more and possibly develop more subtopics as a result of the minimum amount of information the article has. Furthermore, every reliable Wikipedia article needs citations and references. I will commit extensive research in finding verifiable resources to support the information in this article. - The article is written with a essay-like tone, meaning it shows emotion from the author. - The entire second paragraph does not have any citations. - Multiple paragraphs completely paraphrase sentences from book publishings and websites without giving any credit to the source. - For the second paragraph, beginning two sentences, I was able to successfully find the reference of where the information came from: Psychology, Perspectives and Connections, 2nd Edition by Gregory J. Feist. However, the information was taken verbatim from the source, which is plagiarism.
• I added a citation to the third sentence and also paraphrased the sentence. The entire sentence was written verbatim, so I rewrote it, as well as added the citation that it was missing.
• Paragraph 1 insertion:
  • "Because display rules vary greatly across cultures, there is no standard set for them. In addition to the cultural aspect, display rules also vary in high-contact and low-contact cultures." and also added a citation to it.
• Deleted the portion in paragraph 2:
  • "However, display rules necessitate the integration not only of a dimension of expression appropriateness, but an evaluation of behavioral responses relative to appropriateness. This connotation examined reflects not exactly the disparity of display rules, but inherited distinction in the sense of an assortment of contexts and situations," because there was absolutely no citation available.
• Deleted the portion in paragraph 3:
  • "Display rules have become not only emotional expressivity, but guidelines that are culture specific, to be unified socially and in a conforming consensus to cultural norms. As the complexity of our society broadens so does our expressivity to an assortment of emotions, which have now become more learned than developed. A way of learning when and how to express or regulate certain emotions is based on cultural, gender, and social demands." I deleted this because it is not only written in a very biased way, using personal assumptions that may not true for everyone. In addition, there was no citation whatsoever.
• I deleted this portion
  • "Culture has a way in giving support to wishes, desires, and individual needs. Unique individuals within cultures acquire differences affecting displays of emotions emphasized by one's status, role, and diverse behaviors. These factors contribute to cultural variability and salient dimensions which capitalize the importance of developed displays of emotions." This was written like a personal reflection paper on display rules. There was no citations either.
• Paragraph 2 edit from:
  • "Developmental research according to Matsumoto has revealed that display rules become differentiated with age and the presence of another individual has been shown to inhibit both posed and spontaneous expressions. Most of these expressions, whether posed or spontaneous, are adopted by the socially and cultured environment which they have derived. Matsumoto refers to display rules as values concerning the appropriateness of emotional displays that are communicated from one generation to the next." ----> "In the presence of others, one's way of behaving may be skewed due to the specific context that they are in. This may vary from person to person, and may run in families."
• I took out the beginning sentence that said "Developmental research according to Matsumoto" and instead added the citation to the end of the sentence
• Deleted second line in culture: "Culture, which is typically depicted by country, is accompanied by nation and territory as well."
• Changed:
  • "Matsumoto (1990) distinguishes culture as shared behaviors, beliefs, attitudes, and values communicated from generation to generation via language or some other means." ----> "Culture is defined as "shared behaviors, beliefs, attitudes, and values communicated from generation to generation via language or some other means."
• Deleted "Culture has a way in giving support to wishes, desires, and individual needs."
• Deleted "Culture assists in understanding emotional expressions and its influences in regards to similarities and differences." bc no citation.
• Deleted "Evidently, display rules contain such a strong bond with situations and context that without one another there is no relevant value in a cross-cultural context." because of the way it is written like it should be in a research paper.
• Deleted "Cultural diversity fabricates divergence in the display of emotions to distinguish and maintain status which illustrates strains of expressivity. Though, from another perspective, it is extremely complex to eliminate the effects of one another."
• Added the sentence to the culture paragraph:
  • "In comparison to those in Western cultures, people in Asian cultures are more likely to to hide their emotions (anger, disgust, intense excitement) in public and private settings due to a cultural difference. This differs in Mexican culture, where emotions are welcome to be openly displayed, much like American culture.
• Deleted "Highly stylized ways of expressing specific emotions are called ritualized displays."
• Deleted "A notable example of a ritualized display is the "tongue bite," which is used to express embarrassment in Indian culture but held little emotional significance for U.S. college students in a 1999 study."
• Added the sentences:
  • High and low-contact cultures also vary in the amount of physical interaction and direct contact there is during one-on-one communication. High-contact cultures involve people practicing direct eye contact, frequent touching, physical contact, and having close proximity to others. Low-contact cultures involve people who practice little touching, have indirect body orientation, less direct eye contact, and more proximity between people.
  • Examples of countries that have a high-contact culture include Mexico, Italy, and Brazil. Low-contact cultures involve people who practice little touching, have indirect body orientation, less direct eye contact, and more proximity between people. Examples of countries that have a low-contact culture include the United States, Canada, and Japan.

Before

1. Expressions of emotions vary to a great degree and hold significant meaning with great value of determining one's cultural and social identity. Display rules identify these expressions to a precise situation in a suitable context.
2. -
3. However, display rules necessitate the integration not only of a dimension of expression appropriateness, but an evaluation of behavioral responses relative to appropriateness. This connotation examined reflects not exactly the disparity of display rules, but inherited distinction in the sense of an assortment of contexts and situations.
4. Display rules have become not only emotional expressivity, but guidelines that are culture specific, to be unified socially and in a conforming consensus to cultural norms. As the complexity of our society broadens so does our expressivity to an assortment of emotions, which have now become more learned than developed. A way of learning when and how to express or regulate certain emotions is based on cultural, gender, and social demands.
5. Culture has a way in giving support to wishes, desires, and individual needs. Unique individuals within cultures acquire differences affecting displays of emotions emphasized by one's status, role, and diverse behaviors. These factors contribute to cultural variability and salient dimensions which capitalize the importance of developed displays of emotions.
6. Developmental research according to Matsumoto has revealed that display rules become differentiated with age and the presence of another individual has been shown to inhibit both posed and spontaneous expressions. Most of these expressions, whether posed or spontaneous, are adopted by the socially and cultured environment which they have derived. Matsumoto refers to display rules as values concerning the appropriateness of emotional displays that are communicated from one generation to the next.
7. Culture assists in understanding emotional expressions and its influences in regards to similarities and differences. Culture, which is typically depicted by country, is accompanied by nation and territory as well.
8. Matsumoto (1990) distinguishes culture as shared behaviors, beliefs, attitudes, and values communicated from generation to generation via language or some other means.
9. Culture has a way in giving support to wishes, desires, and individual needs.
10. Culture assists in understanding emotional expressions and its influences in regards to similarities and differences.
11. Evidently, display rules contain such a strong bond with situations and context that without one another there is no relevant value in a cross-cultural context.
12. Cultural diversity fabricates divergence in the display of emotions to distinguish and maintain status which illustrates strains of expressivity. Though, from another perspective, it is extremely complex to eliminate the effects of one another.
13. -
14. Highly stylized ways of expressing specific emotions are called ritualized displays.
15. A notable example of a ritualized display is the "tongue bite," which is used to express embarrassment in Indian culture but held little emotional significance for U.S. college students in a 1999 study.
16. -

After

1. The way in which emotions are conveyed differ substantially between people in different contexts. These unique emotional displays can help identify one's individualistic nature. These emotions can be accurately pinpointed to a certain behavior in a certain environment.
2. Because display rules vary greatly across cultures, there is no standard set for them. In addition to the cultural aspect, display rules also vary in high-contact and low-contact cultures.
3. Deleted this portion.
4. Deleted this portion.
5. Deleted this portion.
6. In the presence of others, one's way of behaving may be skewed due to the specific context that they are in. This may vary from person to person, and may run in families.
7. Deleted this portion.
8. Culture is defined as "shared behaviors, beliefs, attitudes, and values communicated from generation to generation via language or some other means."
9. Deleted this portion.
10. Deleted this portion.
11. Deleted this portion.
12. Deleted this portion.
13. In comparison to those in Western cultures, people in Asian cultures are more likely to to hide their emotions (anger, disgust, intense excitement) in public and private settings due to a cultural difference. This differs in Mexican culture, where emotions are welcome to be openly displayed, much like American culture.
14. Deleted this portion.
15. Deleted this portion.
16. High and low-contact cultures also vary in the amount of physical interaction and direct contact there is during one-on-one communication. High-contact cultures involve people practicing direct eye contact, frequent touching, physical contact, and having close proximity to others. Low-contact cultures involve people who practice little touching, have indirect body orientation, less direct eye contact, and more proximity between people.

Peer Review

Display rules are a social group's informal norms about when, where, and how one should express emotions. They can be described as culturally prescribed rules that people learn early on in their lives by interactions and socializations with other people. Because display rules vary greatly across cultures, there is no standard set for display rules. In addition to the cultural aspect, display rules also vary in high-contact cultures, and low-contact cultures.( Good job adding sources - Brenda)

The way in which emotions are conveyed differ substantially between people in different contexts. (Use less complex words in this sentence, most people don't have such big vocabulary - Brenda) These unique emotional displays can help deduce a person's self and culture. These emotions are able to be pinpointed to a certain behavior in a certain environment. In the presence of others, one's way of behaving may be skewed due to the specific context that they are in. This may vary from person to person, and may run in families.

The understanding of display rules is a complex, multifaceted (No idea what that means, use a simpler term - Brenda) task. Display rules are understood differentially (differently - Brenda) depending upon their mode of expression (verbal/facial) and the motivation for their use (prosocial/self-protective). 

Culture assists in understanding emotional expressions and its influences in regards to similarities and differences. Culture, which is typically depicted by country, is accompanied by nation and territory as well. (Is this sentence really needed? Most people know what a culture is - Brenda) Culture consists of a mixture of different actions, perspectives, merits, and opinions conveyed from past groups. (A transition here would be nice - Brenda) Highly stylized ways of expressing specific emotions are called ritualized displays. A notable example of a ritualized display is the "tongue bite," which is used to express embarrassment in Indian culture but held little emotional significance for U.S. college students in a 1999 study. Cultural diversity fabricates divergence in the display of emotions to distinguish and maintain status which illustrates strains of expressivity (What does that mean? - Brenda). Though, from another perspective, it is extremely complex to eliminate the effects of one another. Another example of cultural differences in regard to display rules is evident through an experiment using Canadian, American, and Japanese University students. The results of the study showed that Japanese display rules allowed the expressions of strong emotions (either positive or negative) such as anger, contempt, disgust, happiness, or surprise far less than either American or Canadian display rules. Evidently, display rules contain such a strong bond with situations and context that without one another there is no relevant value in a cross-cultural context. (Really like the example given - Brenda)

User:RachaelCalvin/sandbox

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< User:RachaelCalvin

Emblems. This Page has some content but it does not have any content relating emblems and how they are used in speech. I would like to add content in which I define what emblems are in regards to speech, and give an example or two.

This is a user sandbox of RachaelCalvin. A user sandbox is a subpage of the user's user page. It serves as a testing spot and page development space for the user and is not an encyclopedia article.Get Help

I would add: Emblems in Speech. Emblems are certain gestures which (instead of "which," use "that.") have a specific meaning attached to them. These meanings (add the word "are" right here so it should say "These meanings are usually...") usually are associated with the culture they are established in. Using emblems creates a way for humans to communicate with one another in a non-verbal way. An individual waving their hand at a friend, for example, would communicate "hello" without having to verbally say anything. (I like your example, but don't forget to add citations. I believe and know this information is accurate, but another reader may not!)

~~MaliyatH

1. Jump up^  Check date values in: |access-date= (help)

Public Speaking

• The first paragraph of the Overview section does not have a citation.
• Information is dated in the Overview section, specifically referencing the statistic about jobs that require public speaking.
• History section is lacking citations.
• The 12th citation has a broken/missing link.