User:Malaiya/sandbox

John D. Musa (1933-009) was a pioneering researcher at AT&T Bell labs during 1958-. He spent more than 35 years experience as a manager of software development projects, and was responsible for collecting data from actual projects that continue to be used by researchers in Software Reliability Engineering. He was elected Fellow of the IEEE in 1986 for his contributions to software reliability. He was well known as a cofounder and long-term advisor of the International Symposium on Software Reliability Engineering held annually.

Education

He obtained his BA and MS summa cum laude, in 1954 and 1955 from the Darthmouth College.

Contributions

His research includes investigations on probabilistic aspects of testing, and original contributions in combinational ATPG method for partial-scan circuits, spectral testing methods, adaptive and asynchronous clock testing, hazard-free low-power design, high-speed testing methods.

International Conference on VLSI Design was founded in 1985 and

Career

His book, Essentials of Electronic Testing for Digital,

Memory and Mixed-Signal VLSI Circuits co-authored with M. L. Bushnell, published in 2000, is a widely used text in hardware testing.

His recent research has focused on optimizing testing in the context of varying clock frequencies and supply voltages.

Awards

Awards received by him include the 2012 Lifetime Contribution Medal from the Test Technology Technical Council of the IEEE Computer Society, and the 2006 Lifetime Achievement Award of the VLSI Society of India, "in recognition of his contributions to the area of VLSI test and for founding and steering the International Conference on VLSI Design in India", 1998 Harry H. Goode Memorial Award of the IEEE Computer Society for "innovativecontributions to the field of electronic testing," 2014 James Monzel Award from the IEEE North Atlantic Test Workshop and 1993 Distinguished Alumnus Award of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, "in recognition of his outstanding contributions in design and test of VLSI systems." He was made a fellow of IEEE in 1986 and of ACM in 2002.

Personal life

He was born 1933 in Farmingdale, on Long Island. Hisf father was a professor and department chair at the State University of New York. He did a summer internship at Brookhaven Laboratory. He eventually became a supervisor of software quality at tAT&T Bell Labs at Whippney, NJ.

External links

• Official website at Auburn

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Shalatur
Shalatur
Coordinates: 34°2′54.5″N 72°21′56.1″E
Country	Pakistan
Province	Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa
Elevation	308 m (1,010 ft)
Time zone	UTC+5 (PST)
Number of Union councils	2

Shalatura (Śalātura) was the birthplace of the Sanskrit grammarian Pāṇini who is considered to the oldest grammarian whose work has come down to modern times. In an inscription of Siladitya VII of Valabhi, he is called Śalāturiya, which means "man from Salatura". This means Pāṇini lived in Salatura of ancient Gandhara, which likely was near modern Lahor, a small town at the junction of the Indus and Kabul Rivers, 20 miles north west of the Attock Bridge.

According to his 646 bookGreat Tang Records on the Western Regions (大唐西域記) of 7th-century Chinese scholar Xuanzang, there was a town called Suoluoduluo on the Indus where Pāṇini was born, and he composed the Qingming-lun (Sanskrit: Vyākaraṇa). He mentioned that a statue of Panini was in existence there.

Within the city of F'o (or Sha)-lo-tu-lo was a tope where an arhat had converted a disciple of Panini. Five hundred years after the Buddha's decease a great arhat from Kashmir in his travels as an apostle arrived at this place. Here he saw a brahmin teacher chastising a young pupU : in reply to the arhat's question the teacher said he beat the boy for not making progress in Etymology. The arhat smiled pleasantly and in explanation said — You must have heard of the treatise on Etymology made by the rishi Panini and given by him to the world for its instruction. The brahmin replied— "He was a native of this city; his disciples admire his excellences, and his image is still here". To this the arhat answered — This boy of yours is that rishi. He added that in his previous existence Panini had. devoted all his energies to worldly learning but that from some good Karma he was now the teacher's son.

Panini describes in great detail the local accents used for the names of wells north and south of Vipasha (modern Beas) river. He also mentions the Yavanas, which is taken to be Greeks (Ionians).

Region

The region is well known for ancient remains. Bakhshali manuscript was found in nearby Bakhshai. T

See also

• Bakhshali manuscript
• Baghdada

References

Category:Union councils of Mardan District Category:Populated places in Mardan District

41.891512°N 12.515144°E / 41.891512; 12.515144

vault of the Porta Maggiore Basilica

The Porta Maggiore Basilica is an underground basilica discovered in 1917 near near Porta Maggiore. It is dated to first century BC . It is believed to the meeting place of the neo-Pythagoreans, and is the only historical site that has been associated with the neo-Pythagorean movement. This school of mystical Hellenistic philosophy preached asceticism and was based on the works of Pythagoras and Plato.

Discovery

The underground chamber was discovered by accidentally in 1917 during the construction of a railway line from Rome to Cassino. An underground passage caved in, revealing the hidden chamber.

History

The structure is thought to have been constructed by the Statilius family. The then head of the family, Titus Statilius Taurus, was accused by the Senate for what Tacitus in his Annals called “addiction to magical superstitions”. He protested his innocence but eventually committed suicide in CE53.

Architecture

The basilica has three naves lined by six rock pillars and an apse. They are decorated with stucco images of centaurs, griffins and satyrs. Classical heroes such as Achilles, Orpheus, Paris and Hercules are also represented.

Opening

It has undergone a restoration that has taken several years. The 40ft-long basilica is now opened to visitors. The visiting groups are kept small because of the fragility of the monument. The temperature and humidity must be kept within a narrow range. It is open during 2nd and 4th Sunday of every month, and the tour must be prearranged.

External links

• Information on the Porta Prenestina from the LacusCurtius website.
• Pictures of the gate
• Porta Maggiore information (in Italian)
• Further information, and a map (in Italian)

References

Category:Buildings and structures completed in the 1st century ==

Navagarh (Nabai Nandpur) नवागढ (नाबई नंदपुर) Jain Atishaya Kshetra Navagarh
village
Navagarh (Nabai Nandpur) Location in Uttar Pradesh, India
Coordinates: 24.556°N 78.935°E / 24.556; 78.935
Country	India
State	Uttar Pradesh
District	Lalitpur
Elevation	305 m (1,001 ft)
Languages
• Official	Hindi
Time zone	UTC+5:30 (IST)

Lord Arnath image in Navagarh bhoyra

Navagarh is a Jain Tirth (pilgrimage site for Jainism) in India. It is located at the Nabai village near Sojna in central India in Uttar Pradesh, just across the border from Madhya Pradesh. It is 65 KM east from Lalitpur and 110 KM north from Sagar. This ancient cite was excavated in 1959. It is the only tirth in India where the main deity is the ancient image of Lord Arnath, preserved in the ancient underground chamber.

Navagarh Tirth

Sojna Stambhas with Upadhyaya images

Mahavira image installed by Golapurva Mahichandra

Ancient artifacts in the sangrahalaya

Navagarh is a place full of natural attractive beauty being surrounded by rocky wilderness. It is famous for the exceptionally crafted life size image of Lord (Aranatha) in standing (Kayotsarga) posture.

Read more at: http://www.virarjun.com/news-359689]</ref>Navagarh Nandpur Itihas, Ed. Br. Jai Kumar Jain Nishant, Shri Dig. Jain Yuvak Sangh Indore, 2016</ref>. It is in the Chandella style and finely polished. It does not have an inscription, but a fragment of a Shantinath image from the same chamber has the date samvat 1202.

In 1940s the site was noted as a collection of ruined sculptures and a set of columns inscribed with Samvat 1203.. It was explored by Pt. Gulabchandra Pushpa, an Ayurvedic physician (later famous as a Pratishthacharya) while visiting nearby Mainwar village. The exploration yielded the image of Lord Arnath in an underground chamber, along with a number of intact as well as damages idols. In 1959, systematic development was initiated with the advice of note jain archaeology expert Niraj Jain of Satna. Since the spot was in a forest, it was decided that the main image should be transported to nearby town, however it was opposed by local villagers. In 1990, an initial structure was built with a boundary wall. Gajrath festivals organized in 1985 and 2011.

It was decided that the image of Lord Arnath should be kept in the same underground chamber (bhoyra) which was accessible only though narrow staircases. A spacious chamber was excavated in front of the bhoyra allowing a large space for the worshippers.

In addition to the bhoyra, the compound includes two additional shrines with modern and ancient images and a sangrahalaya, where a large number of historical idols and fragments are preserved. These include idols of Lord Adinath and Lord Parshvanath from early middle age (500-1000 AD).. Lower fragment of a finely polished black schist Mahavira image dated samvat 1195 (1138 AD) mentions Golapurva Mahichandra, his son Delhan and their family members. Four columns dated samvat 1202 once reused in a reservoir at Sojna are also preserved.

The tirth has been visited by Acharyas Vidyasagar, Vardhmansagar, Devnandi, Padmanandi, Viragsagar, Gyansagar, Vishuddhasagar, vibhavasagar as well as a number of other munis and aryikas.

The tirth has been developed by Pt. Gulabchandra Pushpa, who has served as a Pratishthacharya for numerous Jain temple installations, and is now overseen by his son Br. Jaikumar Jain Nishant, who is also a noted Pratishthacharya.

Facilities

There 20 rooms in the dharmashala dharmashalas. There is a bhojanalaya.

Location and nearby tirths

Atishaya Kshetra: Papora 30 Kms, Siddha Kshetra Aharji 55 Kms, Siddha Kshetra Drongiri 55 Kms, Siddha Kshetra Badagaon 15 Kms.

See also

• Tirtha
• Jainism in Bundelkhand

External links

• श्री दिगम्बर जैन अतिशय क्षेत्र नवागढ (नन्दपुर)मु. नन्दपुर, Encyclopedia of Jainism
• श्री दिगंबर जैन अतिशय क्षेत्र नवागढ़ (नाबई), जिला ललितपुर, 6 February 2017
• [http://www.jainnewstimes.com/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%AF-%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0-%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%9D-%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%82-%E0%A4%B6/ अतिशय क्षेत्र नवागढ़ में श्री पंचकल्याणक प्रतिष्ठा का भव्य आयोजन

jain News Times, July 8, 2015]

Category:History of Madhya Pradesh Category:Tikamgarh Category:Jain temples in Madhya Pradesh Category:12th-century Jain temples Category:Chhatarpur district

Indian Cook Books are cook-books written in India, or about Indian cooking. Some of the oldest cook-books were written in India Indian cooking varies regionally and has evolved over the centururies due to various influences. Vegetarianism has made a significant impact on Indian cooking.. Spices play a major role in Indian cooking.

History

Foods and drinks in ancient India, 1961

Early Recipes

Sushruta Samhita written between 2nd and 4th century BC, is a medical text that prescribes seasonal foods and flavours.

Manasollas, is one of the earliest texts compiled during the rule of Chalukya king Someshwar III in the 1130AD. It includes several recipes including "iddarika" thought to refer to idli, although there is disagreement about that. It has been suggested that Vaddaradhane, the Kannada text of Jain Acharya Sivakoti written in 920 AD, the mention of iddalige may be the earliest mention of Idali. .

Indic and Islamic cookbooks of Sultanate and Mughal Period

The Ni'matnama is a fifteenth-century collection of the recipes during the rule of Sultan of Mandu (Madhya Pradesh), Ghiyath Shahi, and his son and successor, Nasir Shah. It contains recipes for cooking as well as providing remedies and aphrodisiacs. It also includes a sections on the preparation of betel leaves.

Soopa Shastra, (1508 A.D.) composed during the rule of Mangarasa III, a follower of Jainism, is exclusively vegetarianism. The ingredients and cooking methods are given detail, and even the types of utensils and ovens needed are mentioned. King Mangarasa III belonged to the Chengalvu dynasty, and was under the suzerainty of Hoysala kings The first chapter describes thirty five breads, sweets and snacks, now mostly obsolete. The second chapter describes drinks, salty, sour and sweet in taste. Third chapter discusses nine types of payasa (kheer), eight types of cooked rice and 24 mixed rice dishes. The remaining three chapters include recipes for 20 dishes with eggplant, 16 dishes with jackfruit and 25e dishes made with raw bananas (plantains) and banana flowers. The last chapter contains recipes using bamboo shoots and myrobalan. Even though it was composed during the rule of a Jain ruler, some of the vegetarian ingredients mentioned, such as onions, are regarded inappropriate for strict Jains.

In the chapter, Pishtakadhyaya, food items made with flour like rotti, mandige, garige, dose, iddali have been mentioned. It shopuld be noted that inncient Kannada poetry has used ‘rotika’ even earlier. It is notable that the word Soopa is used in the same sense as the english term "soup".

The first book of Ain-i-Akbari (the third volume of the Akbarnama), written in 1590, gives several recipes, mainly those prevailing among the Mughal elite.

Bhojana Kutuhala written by Raghunatha between 1675 and 1700 discusses numerous ingredients and dishes then prevailing in the Maharashtra region.

British Period

The British rule saw publication of several cookbooks, some intended for the British elite, others for locals, often in languages like Gujarati, bangla and Hindi. These include

• Pak-Shastra, 1878, Gujarati
• Culinary Jotting for Madras, 1891, later republished as Vwyer's Indian Cookery
• Mistanna Pak, 1904, Bengali
• Indian Cooking, Savitri Chawdhary 1914, written by an Indian housewife migrating to England.
• Bengal Sweets, Haldar 1921.
• Recipes-Of-All-Nations 1923, Countess Morphy, has an Indian section which mentions Gulgula, Halwa and khoa etc.
• Pak Chandrika, Maniram Sharma 192, Hindi
• Indian Cookery, Veerasamy 1930s, who established the first Indian restaurant in England.
• Pak Vigyan, 1939.
• Navin-Pak shastra

During freedom struggle and After Indian Independence

• Modern Cookery Vol I, Thangam Philip, 1946
• Pak Ratnakar, 1958

• An Invitation to Indian Cooking, Madhur Jaffery, (1973),
• Classic Indian Cooking, by Julie Sahni, 1980, she is the founder of the Indian Cooking School, established 1973 in New York City.
• Lord Krishna's Cuisine: The Art of Indian Vegetarian Cooking Hardcover, Yamuna Devi, 1987

Since India's liberalization

With the advent of TV and the internet, new food authors have emerged in the past few decades.

GLR, The-Economical-Indian-Cookery-Book Ed 9th

http://www.memoriesofbengal.co.uk/history_of_bengal.html http://www.livemint.com/Leisure/4Hb4wLaNjUuFYcQ6rhAgAK/Kitchen-archaeology.html?facet=print

Types of cookbooks

Betty Crocker's Cook Book for Boys and Girls, 1957

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Malaiya/sandbox
File:Vishwani.jpg
Born	(1943-02-07) February 7, 1943 Agra, India
Alma mater	Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (BS, MS, PhD)
Awards	2014 James Monzel Award from the IEEE North Atlantic Test Workshop 2012 Lifetime Contribution Medal from the Test Technology Technical Council of the IEEE Computer Society 2006 Lifetime Achievement Award of the VLSI Society of India, for founding and steering the International Conference on VLSI Design in India 1998, Harry H. Goode Memorial Award of the IEEE Computer Society.
Scientific career
Doctoral advisor	tbf

Vishwani D. Agrawal (born December 7, 1957) is the James J. Danaher Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering at Auburn University. He has over forty decades of industry and university experience, including working at Bell Labs, Murray Hill, NJ; Rutgers University TRW, IIT, Delhi.

Education

He obtained his BE from the Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee in 1964, ME from the Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, in 1966; and PhD degree in electrical engineering from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, in 1971.

Contributions

His research includes investigations on probabilistic aspects of testing, and original contributions in combinational ATPG method for partial-scan circuits, spectral testing methods Adaptive and asynchronous clock testing, hazard-free low-power design, high-speed testing methods.

Career

He is a co-founder of the International Conference on VLSI Design, and the VLSI Design and Test Symposium, held annually in India.

International Conference on VLSI Design was founded in 1985 and influenced the development of electronics industry in India by bringing both top global researchers and practitioners in VLSI. India eventually became a major center of the semiconductor design industry. Intel arrive in 1988 and Microsoft in 1990.

He is the founder and Consulting Editor of the Springer's Frontiers in Electronic Testing Book Series. He is the founder and Editor-in-Chief of the Journal of Electronic Testing: Theory and Applications (since 1990), and a past Editor-in-Chief of the IEEE Design & Test of Computers magazine. He has published over 350 papers, has coauthored five books and holds thirteen US patents. His book, Essentials of Electronic Testing for Digital, Memory and Mixed-Signal VLSI Circuits co-authored with M. L. Bushnell, published in 2000, is a widely used text in hardware testing.

Awards

Awards receivee by him include the 2014 James Monzel Award from the IEEE North Atlantic Test Workshop, 2012 Lifetime Contribution Medal from the Test Technology Technical Council of the IEEE Computer Society, and the 2006 Lifetime Achievement Award of the VLSI Society of India, "in recognition of his contributions to the area of VLSI test and for founding and steering the International Conference on VLSI Design in India", 1998, Harry H. Goode Memorial Award of the IEEE Computer Society for "innovativecontributions to the field of electronic testing," 1993 Distinguished Alumnus Award of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, "in recognition of his outstanding contributions in design and test of VLSI systems."

Personal life

He was born in Agra, India. He moved from the United States in 1966, however he remains a citizen of India. He lives in Auburn Alabama with his wife, Prathima Agrawal, formerly Samuel Ginn Distinguished Professor at Auburn University. Their son Vikas Agrawal lives in San Francisco. Their daughter Chitra Agrawal is a cooking expert and a founder of Brooklyn Delhi, line of achaar.

External Links

• Official website at Auburn
• VLSI Design Conference History, Official site

DEFAULTSORT:Agarwal, Vishwani Category:Auburn University faculty Category:Auburn University Category:Electrical engineering Category:Computer engineering Category:ISI highly cited researchers Category:Living people Category:1943 births Category:Indians in the United States

== Kalustyan’s is a oldest shop in New York City that has been selling Indian and Middle Eastern spices and foods on, Lexington between 28th and 29th Streets, originally run by Kalustyan, an Armenian. Founded in 1944, the presence of Kalustyan's caused other Indian grocery stores and restuarants to cluster in the neighborhood, causing it to be termed "Curry Hill".

Kalustyan’s is the only building in New York City still standing where a president of the United States was sworn in.

History

Kalustyan's was established in 1944, initially a supplier of Turkish and Middle Eastern spices, dried fruits, nuts, oils and grains, when the neighborhood was largely Areminian. In late 1960s and 1970s, when New York become home a significant number of Indians, expanded to cater to the Indian market, even bringing out its own brand of chutney and mango pickles.

Sinha Trading/Foods of India opened across the street run by an Indian familyby Salam Hamid. It was later closed when many competitors sprouted up in the neighborhood. Curry in a Hurry, which still exits, was the earliest Indian restaurants in Manhattan, established in 1975.

The concentration of Indian restaurants and spice shops has caused the area to be nicknamed "Curry Hill"

Madras Mahal, a Kosher Indian vegetarian restaurant was started in 1985.

Kalustyan’s was purchased by Sayedul Alam and Aziz Osmani, originally from Bangladesh bought it in 1988 and has continued the tradition.

References

Category:1979 establishments in New York (state) Category:Culture of New York City *

Hindu Temple and Cultural Center of the Rockies in the Denver, Colorado (Hindu Temple, Denver) is the major Hindu Temple in the Colorado and nearby region. The Hindu Society of Colorado was incorporated in 1984. During 1966-2015 the temple was located in a former church building in Littleton. The formally designed temple opened on July 3, 2015 with Prana Pratishta on June 5-7, 2015. The temple now has 1,500 families as members

The temple is both non-regional and non-sectarian.

Overview

The new facility on a 4.25 acre is locatd on a hill with a 360 degree view of the mountains and the plains. The main floor has a prayer hall with seven shrines: Shiva Parvati, Durga, Venkateshwar (Vishnu), Laxmi Narayan (Visnu), Ram & Sita, Radha & Krishna, and Saraswati. The deities were carved in marble at Jaipur, India, except for the Venkateswara granite image was carved at Tirupati. In the front granite Shiva-Linga with Nandi and an image of Ganesha. The shrines are surrounded by a parikrama. On the other side of the hall, there are smaller shrines for Hanuman, Jagannath (with Balram and Subhadra), Iyappa, and Subramanya (Kartikeya) with Devyani and Valli.

The lower level, when fully finished later this year, will have a large multi-purpose hall with a stage and a kitchen for preparation and serving of food. The hall opens to a patio.

History

Starting in 1960, planning meetings were held at the residances of Dr. Tripathi, Dr. Ahuja, Dr. Gangadharam, Dr. K.C. Gupta, Dr. Vedanthan, Drs. Sagar, Nawal Sharma, and Katharine Nanda. Intially a small house was purchased in Aurora, which could accommodate about 45 people. Kauai’s Hindu Monastery donated a Ganesh murti as the main deity for the Temple. Later a former church was purchased at Wadsworth Boulevard and remodelled to serve as the temple. Priests Acharya Kailash Chandra Upadhyaya and later Pandit Raghavendra Iyer were invited to serve. The land for the new temple was purchased for $500,000 and the construction was thus far has been about $4.5 million. Some of the donor families contributed more than $100,000. Professional contributors included the real-estate agent and the legal expert.

Location

The temple is located 7201 S. Potomac St. Centennial, Colorado, in Denver area.

See also

• Hinduism in America

External links

• Official website

Category:Hindu temples in the United States Category:1979 establishments in California Category:Denver Category:Religious buildings and structures in Denver Category:Religious buildings and structures completed in 2015 Category:Religious organizations established in 1979 Category:Hinduism in the United States

=

Syadvad Mahavidyalaya

स्याद्वाद महाविद्यालय
File:Syadvad.jpg
Motto	विध्याऽमृत मश्नुते
Motto in English	Knowledge imparts immortality
Type	Public
Established	1905
Officer in charge	Dinanath S. Pandey
Chancellor	Karan Singh
Vice-Chancellor	Lalji Singh
Students	30,000
Location	Banaras (Varanasi) , Uttar Pradesh , India
Campus	Main campus: 1,300 acres (5.3 km2) South campus: 2,700 acres (11 km2)
Affiliations	UGC, NAAC, AIU
Website	bhu.ac.in

Syadvad Mahavidyalaya (Hindi: स्याद्वाद महाविद्यालय) (commonly referred to as BHU) is a public central university located in Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh. Established in 1905 by Ganeshprasad Varni,

History

Statue of Pandit Madan Mohan Malviya at the entrance of Banaras Hindu University

Vishwanath temple on BHU campus

The Banaras Hindu University was established by Pandit Madan Mohan Malviya. A prominent lawyer and an Indian independence activist, Malviya considered education as the primary means for achieving a national awakening.

"The millions mired in poverty here can only get rid (of it) when science is used in their interest. Such maximum application of science is only possible when scientific knowledge is available to Indians in their own country."

BHU was finally established in 1916, the first university in India that was the result of a private individual's efforts. The foundation for the main campus of the university was laid by Lord Hardinge, the then Viceroy of India, on Vasant Panchami 4 February 1916.

Vice-Chancellors

1. Pandit Sunder Lal (1 April 1916 - 13 April 1918)
2. Sir P.S. Sivaswami Iyer (13 April 1918 - 8 May 1919)

Campus

Main campus

Rampur Hall of IIT (BHU) Varanasi, an example of Indo-Gothic architecture

Sir Sundarlal Hospital

BHU is located on the southern edge of Varanasi, near the banks of the River Ganges. Development of the main campus, spread over 1,300 acres (5.3 km²), started in 1916 on land donated by the then Kashi Naresh Prabhu Narayan Singh.

Academics

BHU is organised into four institutes and fourteen Faculties(Streams). The institutes are administratively autonomous, with their own budget, management and academic bodies.[3]

Affiliated schools and colleges

Colleges

• D.A.V. College
• Arya Mahila Postgraduate College
• Vasant Kanya Mahavidyalaya
• Vasanta College, Rajghat

Further reading

• Leah Renold, A Hindu Education: Early Years Of The Banaras Hindu University (Oxford University Press).

Category:Universities and colleges in Uttar Pradesh Category:Central universities in India Category:Educational institutions established in 1916 Category:Education in Varanasi Category:Hindu universities and colleges

Akota Bronzes

The Akota Bronzes represent a rare and important set of 68 Jain images dating between 6th to 10-12 cent CE found in the vicinity of Akota near Baroda]]. It includes some rare Gupta period bronzes that have been widely used for comparison of with Gupta period art.

Akota (formerly Ankottaka) was a major of Jainism in 5th century AD and is mentioned in some of the texts. The hoard provides information on metallic art and development of metal technology during Gupta, post-Gupta and medieval period. Archaeologist U.P. Shah collected most of hoard from by purchasing it and presenting this to M.S. University, which are now in the Baroda Museum.

The two images of Jivantsvami, (representation of Mahavira who was still a prince), are widely mentioned examples of the early western Indian school of art. One of them is specifically inscribed as jivantsvami installed by Nagisvari which represents early phase of the Gupta style. There are two images of Tri-Tirthika (with two images besides the main one) Parsvanatha of post-Gupta period. An image inscribed to have been gifted by Sadhu Sarvadeva there, are eight standing figures representing the eight planets, on both sides of the dharmachakra. Notable images of Ambika on Lion and Standing Sarasvatiare from the same period.

An Chamardharini stands in tribhanga pose on a carefully carved lotus pedestal. It represents western India school of during the Solanki period between 11th and 12th century AD.

See also

• Jainism
• Tirthankara
• Indian art
• Chausa Hoard

References

Category:Indian art Category:Treasure troves of India Category:Jain art

Nagendranath Basu (নগেন্দ্রনাথ বসু)

Nagendranath Basu (নগেন্দ্রনাথ বসু) (1866-1938) was the compiler of the Bangla Bishwakosh, the first encyclopedia in Bangla and Hindi Vishvakosh, the first encyclopedia in Hindi, as well as a pioneering archaeologist and historian. The fist volume of Bangla Bishwakosh was compiled by Rabgalal and Trailokyanath Mukhopadhyay, however the all the subsequent 22 volumes were compiled and published by Nagendranath which took 27 years until 1911. The 24 volume Hindi Vishvakosh was published during 1916 and 1931.

Nagendranath started his writing career with poems and novels, but he soon became involved in editing. He edited two monthly publications Tapasvini and Bharat and the Sahitya Parisad Patrika, of the Vangiya Sahitya Parishad. He founded the Kayastha Sabha and edited its publication. He edited and published several Bengali classics Bangiya Sahitya Parishat, including as Aprakakshita Rachanabali of Chandidas, Rasamabjari of Pitambar Das, Chaitanyamabgal of Jayananda, Krishvaprematarabgini of Bhagavatacharya and Jaynarayan’s Kashi-Parikrama.

Nagendranath traveled widely to examine archaeological remnants. He collected ancient manuscripts in Bangla, sanskrit and Oriya, and compiled inscriptions on rocks and copper plates. His collection of manuscripts allowed University of Calcutta to initiate its Bangla Department.

Works

In addition to to the two massive encyclopedias and the Bangla classics, his original books on history and archaeology include

• Multivolume Banger Jatiya Itihas
• Kayasther Varnaparichay,
• Shunyapurana,
• Archaeological Survey of Mayurbhanja,
• Modern Buddhism and its Followers in Orissa and
• Social History of Kamrup

Honors

He was awarded the title "Prachyavidyamaharnav". There is a street in Calcutta named Bishvakosh Lane, named after the massive efforts undertaken by Nagendranath Basu

References

Category:1866 births Category:1938 deaths Category:Bengali writers Category:People associated with the Bengal Renaissance Category:Academic staff of the University of Calcutta Category:Vangiya Sahitya Parishad Category:Bengali poets Category:Indian essayists Category:People from Kolkata

Acharya Tulsi

Acharya Tulsi (October 20, 1914-June 23, 1997) was a prominent Jain Acharya. He was the founder of the Anuvrata movement and the Jain Vishva Bharti Institute, Ladnun and the author of over one hundred books.

Acharya Mahapragya and Sadhvi Kanakprabha were his disciples.

Biography

Tulsi was born in 1914 in Ladnun, India to Vadana and Jhumarmal Khated. Acharya Kalugani, then the leader of the Terapanth Sangh, greatly influenced Tulsi. Tulsi took his monk’s vows at age 11 with remarkable dedication, and by the time he was 16, he had already started becoming prominent. In 1936, Kalugani nominated Tulsi to be his successor, making him head of Terapanth group. Through his oversight, he initiated more than 776 monks and nuns.

Anuvrat Movement

Tulsi realized that the independence of India would be futile unless the national character was developed. On March 2, 1949 he launched the Anuvrat Movement to spearhead this idea (anu (small), vrat (vow)). Conceived in five principles (Truth, Nonviolence, Non-possession, Non-stealing and Celibacy), the Movement was inspired followers to practice purity and self-discipline in their personal lives. By experiencing self-transformation, citizens could move toward a nonviolent socio-political world order. The movement also held to the ideas that Dharma is not merely an instrument of ensuring happiness in the hereafter but is also a means to bring happiness to the present life, that he who was fails to make his present life better is unlikely to achieve happiness in the hereafter, and that the primary aims of Dharma is to purify character (its ritualistic practices are secondary).

The movement continued under the leadership of Acharya Mahapragya.

Scholarship

In the 1970s, Tulsi began researching, translating and annotating the Jain Agamas. Tulsi was the first person who sought to rediscover Jain meditation. His work with Yuvacharya Mahapragya led to the Preksha Meditation.

Institutions

In 1948 Tulsi established the Parmarthik Shikshan Sanstha, a spiritual training centre for females aspirants who wanted to lead the Jain monastic lifestyle. nTulsi developed the Saman Order around 1980 in an effort to spread the preachings of Jainism worldwide. This order follows the lifestyle of Sadhus and Sadhvis with two exceptions: They are granted permission to use means of transportation. They are allowed to take food which is prepared for them. This order can be termed as the link between the normal households and the Jain monks and nun.

As a Wandering Ascetic

Jain Monks and nuns remain under a vow of moving on foot all their life. In Tulsi’s lifetime he covered more than 70,000 Km. His major wanderings included:

• 1949 : From Bikaner to Jaipur, Delhi, Haryana, Punjab and back to Rajasthan.
• 1955 : From Rajasthan to Gujarat, Maharastra, Madhya Pradesh and back to Rajasthan.
• 1958 : From Rajasthan to Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Bengal, again Bihar, Uttar pradesh, Delhi, Haryana and back to Rajasthan.
• 1966 : From Rajasthan to Gujarat, Maharastra, Tamilnadu, Pondicherry, Kerala, Karnataka, Andra Pradesh, Orissa, Madhya Pradesh and back to Rajasthan.
• 1974 : From Rajasthan to Haryana, Delhi, Punjab, and back to Rajasthan.
• 1981 : From Rajasthan to Haryana, Delhi and back to Rajasthan.
• 1987 : From Rajasthan to Haryana and Delhi and back to Rajasthan.

In the course of these marches, Tulsi had widespread contact with people and preached to Anuvrat-oriented life and abstinence from alcohol.

Recognitions

• Title of Yug Pradhan in 1971 by the president of India V. V. Giri
• Bharat Jyoti Award
• Vakpati Award
• The Indira Gandhi Award for National Integration in 1993

On 20 October 1998, the vice-president, Krishna Kant, released an Indian commemorative three-rupee postage stamp of Tulsi. Kant said that the Tulsi gave a new and contemporary direction to the high ideals of Jainism.

Memorial

To preserve Tulsi’s teachings, followers built a memorial in the village of Todgarh named Mahashila Abhilekh.

See also

• List of religious leaders in 2007
• List of Jains
• Acharya Bhikshu
• Sadhvi Kanakprabha
• Jain Vishva Bharti Institute, Ladnun

External Links

[4]

• Haryana to celebrate Acharya Tulsi Jayanti, Sukhbir Siwach, TNN Oct 3, 2013, http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-10-03/chandigarh/42663103_1_bhupinder-singh-hooda-noble-cause-monks

• INDIA: Atomic Vows, Time Magazine, Monday, May 15, 1950 http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,820578,00.html

• "600 PLEDGE HIGH ETHICS; New Religious Leader in India Effects One-Year Conversion, May 2, 1950, THE NEW YORK TIMES. May 2, 1950

• "Biggest Free Election in History" The New York Times Magazine, February 24, 1957

• Jainism: A Pictorial Guide to the Religion of Non-violence edited by Kurt Titze, Klaus Bruhn, Motilal Banarsidass Publ., 1998, p. 144

• Faith & Philosophy of Jainism By Arun Kumar Jain, Gyan Publishing House, 2009, p. 146

• Selected Speeches of Dr. D. Swaminadhan, By Dr. Devarakonda Swaminadhan, Selected Speeches of Dr. D. Swaminadhan, By Dr. Devarakonda Swaminadhan, p. 303

• आचार्य तुलसी नगर का शिलान्यास, Dec 6 - 2013, http://dainiktribuneonline.com/2013/12/आचार्य-तुलसी-नगर-का-शिलान/

Category:Indian Jain monks Category:People from Rajasthan Category:1914 births Category:1997 deaths

सिद्धेभ्यः श्री श्रीमतरंग श्री स्याद्वाद मोघ लाछनम्‌। जीया त्रैलोक्य नाथ शासनम्‌ जिन शासनम्‌ स्वस्ति सम्वत्‌ 1525 वर्षे चैत्र सुदी 15 मूलसंघे सरस्वती गच्छे बलाकार गणे श्री कुन्दकुन्दाचार्यान्वये आम्नाय भट्टारक श्री प्रभाचंद्र देवा ततो पट्टे भट्टारक श्री पद्मनंदी देवा भट्टारक श्रुतचंद देवा। तत्पट्टे भट्टारक श्री जिनचंद्र यतीश्वरा तत्पट्टे भट्टारक श्री सिंहकीर्ति यतीश्वरा तेषाम्‌ उपदेशात्‌ श्री गोपाचल महादुर्गे श्री तोमरान्वये महाराजाधिराज श्री कीर्तिसिंह विजयराजे। ...सिद्ध प्रतिष्ठा श्री इक्ष्वाकु वंशोन्दवा गोलारोड ति मद्ये संघातिपति पम ॥श्री॥ ...सुहाग श्री तत्पुत्रा माणिक सं. अश्वपति सं. कुषराज सं. जो जि॥ सं. माणिक भार्या लखण श्री तत्पुत्रा सं. वन हरसिंघा। पडरू। कुमुदचंद्र भार्या कुला द्वितीय विजय श्री हरिसिंघ भार्या रामश्री द्विः जयति श्री तृ शिव श्री॥ पडरू भार्या भागीरथी। कुमुदचन्द्र भार्या शोनन श्री पुत्र॥ अश्वपति... भार्या श्री... पुत्र माधव भार्या लाड़म श्री पुत्र उद्धरण भार्या माणिक्य श्री द्वितीय... पुत्र देवचंद्र आर्या खिमश्री॥ कुशराज भार्या लोहव द्वितीय भार्या वीरा पुत्र बुद्धसेन पुत्री हरमति जो जि समायहि श्री पुत्र... कुंवराय॥ मण्डे भार्या रतन श्री॥ सजन श्री मंगो... ये तषाम मध्ये संघादिपतियम्‌।

भूपतयः बंधु निज पुत्र पौत्रो श्री पार्श्वनाथ तीर्थश्वरम्‌ नित्यं पूज्याम्‌ प्रणमति श्री शांति रस्तु शिवम्‌ सुख नित्य आरोग्य भवतु... सिद्धरस्तु शत्रु निवारन कुल गोत्र वंशादष्टु इति श्री राजा श्रावक प्रजासुखी नो भवन्तु धर्मोवृद्धिताम्‌ श्री॥

itrans:

sa.n 1510 varshhe maadh sudii 8 some gopaachal durge tomar va.nshaanvaye raajaa shrii Duu.ngarendr dev raajy pavitramaane shrii kaashhThaasa.ngh maathuraanvaye bhaTTaaraka shrii guNakeerti devaastatpaTTe shrii malayakeerti devaastato bhaTTaarak guNabhadradev pa.nDitavarya ra ighuu tadaamnaaye agrotava.nshe vaasilagotre sakelahaa bhaaryaa nivaarii tayoH putra vijayashhTa shaah ... saadhu shrii maalhaa putra sa.nghaatipati deutaay putra sa.nghaatipati karamasiih shrii chandraprabhu jinabi.nba mahaakaaya pratishhThaapit praNamati ..shubham.h bhavatu ..||

सं १५१० वर्षे माध सुदी ८ सोमे गोपाचल दुर्गे तोमर वंशान्वये राजा श्री डूंगरेन्द्र देव राज्य पवित्रमाने श्री काष्ठासंघ माथुरान्वये भट्टारक श्री गुणकीर्ति देवास्तत्पट्टे श्री मलयकीर्ति देवास्ततो भट्टारक गुणभद्रदेव पंडितवर्य रइघू तदाम्नाये अग्रोतवंशे वासिलगोत्रे सकेलहा भार्या निवारी तयोः पुत्र विजयष्ट शाह ... साधु श्री माल्हा पुत्र संघातिपति देउताय पुत्र संघातिपति करमसीह श्री चन्द्रप्रभु जिनबिंब महाकाय प्रतिष्ठापित प्रणमति ..शुभम् भवतु ..||

Deogarh
village
Deogarh Location in Historical Parwar Center, India
Coordinates: 24.55°N 78.25°E / 24.55; 78.25
Country	India
State	Historical Parwar Center
Languages
Time zone	UTC+5:30 (IST)

Table

Khajuraho Temples

Sequence	Modern name	Original Deity	Note
1	Chausath Yogini	64 Yoginis	Est 9th c.
2	Brahma	Vishnu	Eastern group
3	Lalgun Mahadev	Jina?	Contemp to 2
4	Matangeshwar	Siva	In active worship
5	Varaha	Varaha
6	Lakshman	Vaikuntha Vishnu	Lakshavarma Inscription
7	Parshvanath	Adinath	Pahil inscription 954 AD
8	Vishvanath	Shiva	Dhanga inscription Sam 1059
9	Devi Jagadambi	Vishnu
10	Chitragupta	Surya
11	Kandhariya Mahadeva	Shiva	Largest
12	Vamana	Vamana	Eastern Group
13	Adinath	Jina	Jain compound
14	Jawari	Vishnu	Eastern group
15	Chaturbhuja	Vishnu
16	Duladev	Shiva	South end
17	Ghantai	Jina	Only some columns remaining