User:Magnatyrannus/Oxyodontherium

Magnatyrannus/Oxyodontherium; Temporal range: Late Miocene-Middle Pliocene (Huayquerian-Chapadmalalan); ~6.8–3 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N ↓
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Mammalia
Order:	†Litopterna
Family:	†Macraucheniidae
Subfamily:	†Macraucheniinae
Genus:	†Oxyodontherium; Ameghino 1883
Type species
	Oxyodontherium zeballosi; Ameghino 1883
Species
	O. angustidens Lydekker 1891; O. pyramidatus Ameghino 1885; O. zeballosi Ameghino 1883;
Synonyms
	Macrauchenia minuta Burmeister 1885; Mesorhinus piramydatus Ameghino 1885;

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Oxyodontherium is an extinct genus of macraucheniine litopterns that lived from the Late Miocene to Middle Pliocene of what is now Argentina. Fossils have been found in the Ituzaingó and Río Quinto formations of Argentina.^[1]^[2]

Description

Taxonomy

Oxyodontherium was first described in 1883 by Argentinean paleontologist Florentino Ameghino, who described the genus based on for this species, also describing the new species S. bravardi in the fauna of Entre Rios which dates to the Late Miocene. Later, in 1885, the same author described an additional species, S. rothii.

Oxyodontherium was a rather derived representative of the Macraucheniidae, a group of litopterns with a camel-like appearance. Probably derived from lower Miocene forms such as Cramauchenia and Theosodon, this animal probably gave rise to the large macraucheniids of the Pliocene and Pleistocene, such as Macrauchenia and Xenorhinotherium.^[3]

Paleoecology

Fossils of Oxyodontherium have been recovered from the Ituzaingó Formation of Entre Rios, Argentina, which preserves vast tidal flats similar to those in the modern day Amazon and a warm climate.^[4] Large, herbivorous notoungulate mammals in the Ituzaingó Formation were widespread, including the toxodontids Xotodon and Adinotherium,^[5] and fellow litopterns such as Brachytherium, Cullinia, Diadiaphorus, Neobrachytherium, Paranauchenia, Promacrauchenia, Proterotherium, and Scalabrinitherium.^[6] Large, armored glyptodonts like Palaehoplophorus, Eleutherocercus, and Plohophorus lived in the area as well as other cingulates like the pampatheres Kraglievichia and Scirrotherium, and the dasypodid Dasypus neogaeus.^[7] Carnivores included the phorusrhacids Devincenzia and Andalgalornis^[8] and sparassodonts,^[9] with giant crocodilians like Gryposuchus and Mourasuchus in the freshwater.^[10] Bamboos, coconut palms, and other palms were also present.^[11]

References

^ Schmidt, Gabriela I. (2013-04-25). Litopterna y Notoungulata (Mammalia) de la formación Ituzaingó (Mioceno tardío-Plioceno) de la provincia de Entre Ríos: sistemática, bioestratigrafía y paleobiogeografía (Tesis thesis) (in Spanish). Universidad Nacional de La Plata.
^ Cerdeño, Esperanza; Chiesa, Jorge; Ojeda, Guillermo (2008-03-01). "Presence of Oxyodontherium (Macraucheniidae, Litopterna) in the Río Quinto Formation, San Luis (Argentina)". Journal of South American Earth Sciences. 25 (2): 217–226. doi:10.1016/j.jsames.2007.06.004. ISSN 0895-9811.
^ "Two new macraucheniids (Mammalia: Litopterna) from the late middle Miocene (Laventan South American Land Mammal Age) of Quebrada Honda, Bolivia". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 38 (3): e1461632. 2018-05-04. doi:10.1080/02724634.2018.1461632. ISSN 0272-4634.
^ Cione, A. L., Dahdul, W. M., Lundberg, J. G., & Machado-Allison, A. (2009). Megapiranha paranensis, a new genus and species of Serrasalmidae (Characiformes, Teleostei) from the upper Miocene of Argentina. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 29(2), 350-358.
^ Schmidt, G. I. (2013). Los ungulados nativos (Litopterna y Notoungulata: Mammalia) del “Mesopotamiense”(Mioceno Tardío) de Entre Ríos, Argentina. Publicación Electrónica de la Asociación Paleontológica Argentina, 14(1).
^ Schmidt, G. I. (2013). Litopterna y Notoungulata (Mammalia) de la Formación Ituzaingó (Mioceno tardío-Plioceno) de la Provincia de Entre Ríos: sistemática, bioestratigrafía y paleobiogeografía (Doctoral dissertation, Universidad Nacional de La Plata).
^ Góis, Flávio; Scillato-Yané, Gustavo Juan; Carlini, Alfredo Armando; Guilherme, Edson (2013-06-01). "A new species of Scirrotherium Edmund & Theodor, 1997 (Xenarthra, Cingulata, Pampatheriidae) from the late Miocene of South America". Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology. 37 (2): 177–188. doi:10.1080/03115518.2013.733510. ISSN 0311-5518.
^ Alvarenga, Herculano M. F.; Höfling, Elizabeth (2003). "Systematic revision of the Phorusrhacidae (Aves: Ralliformes)". Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia. 43: 55–91. doi:10.1590/S0031-10492003000400001. ISSN 0031-1049.
^ Babot, J. M., & Ortiz, P. E. (2009). Primer registro de Borhyaenoidea (Mammalia, Metatheria, Sparassodonta) en la provincia de Tucumán (Formación India Muerta, Grupo Choromoro; Mioceno tardío). Acta Geológica Lilloana, 34-48.
^ Riff, D., Romano, P. S. R., Oliveira, G. R., & Aguilera, O. A. (2010). Neogene crocodile and turtle fauna in northern South America. Amazonia. Landscapes and Species Evolution: A Look Into the Past, 259-280.
^ Franco, M. J., & Brea, M. (2015). First extra-Patagonian record of Podocarpaceae fossil wood in the Upper Cenozoic (Ituzaingó Formation) of Argentina. New Zealand Journal of Botany, 53(2), 103-116.