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Kang, Jae-un. The Land of Scholars: Two Thousand Years of Korean Confucianism. Homa & Sekey Books, 2006.
- p. 179 ("independent nation")
- p. 176 ("independent nation")
- p. 196 (China, Joseon, tributary)
- p. 453 (China, Joseon, tributary)
- p. 471 ("independent nation")