Jump to content

User:MacTire02/kishtey geinee02

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Abkhazia
Аҧсны / Apsny (Abkhaz)
Абхазия / Abkhaziya (Russian)
აფხაზეთი / Apkhazeti (Georgian)
physical map of Abkhazia
physical map of Abkhazia
Capital
and largest city
Sukhumi
43°00′N 40°59′E / 43.000°N 40.983°E / 43.000; 40.983
Native languagesAbkhaz, Armenian, Georgian, Homshetsi, Mingrelian, Russian
Governmentdisputed
Governing authority 
disputed
9 April 1991
23 July 1992
Area
• Total
8,432 km2 (3,256 sq mi)
Population
• Estimate
Between 157,000 and 190,0001
180,0002
• 2003 census
216,000
• Density
29/km2 (75.1/sq mi)
GDP (nominal)2009 estimate estimate
• Total
$500 million[1]
Time zoneUTC+3 (MSK)
Drives onright
Calling code+7-840,940; +995-44 [2]
Republic of Abkhazia
Аҧсны Аҳәынҭқарра / Apsny Akhwyntqarra (Abkhaz)
Республика Абхазия / Respublika Abkhaziya (Russian)
Anthem: ["Aiaaira"] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (help)
("Victory")
Abkhazia (orange) is situated west of Georgia proper (grey)
Abkhazia (orange) is situated west of Georgia proper (grey)
Capital
and largest city
Sukhumi
43°00′N 40°59′E / 43.000°N 40.983°E / 43.000; 40.983
Official languagesAbkhaz and Russian.1
Demonym(s)Abkhaz, Abkhazian
GovernmentUnitary republic
• President
Sergei Bagapsh
Alexander Ankvab
Sergei Shamba
Partially recognised independence from Georgia and the Soviet Union[3][4][5]
• Georgian annulment of all Soviet-era laws and treaties
20 June 1990
• Declaration of sovereignty2
25 August 1990
1991
• Georgian declaration of independence
9 April 1991
26 December 1991
• Reinstatement of 1925 Constitution
23 July 1992
• Retro-actively declared date of independence
30 September 1993
26 November 1994
3 October 1999
• Act of state independence3
12 October 1999
26 August 2008
CurrencyAbkhazian apsar, Russian ruble5 (RUB)
  1. Russian has co-official status and widespread use by government and other institutions.
  2. Annulled by Georgia immediately thereafter.
  3. Establishing retro-actively de jure independence since the 1992-1993 war.
  4. By Russia. Since followed by Nicaragua, Venezuela and Nauru.
  5. De facto currency, several Abkhazian apsar commemorative coins have been issued. The aspar is on a fixed exchange rate, pegged to the Russian Ruble (1 = 0.10 Apsar).
Autonomous Republic of Abkhazia
Аҧснытәи Автономтәи Республика / Apsnitwi Avtonomtwi Respublika (Abkhaz)
აფხაზეთის ავტონომიური რესპუბლიკა / apkhazetis avt'onomiuri resp'ublik'a (Georgian
Flag of MacTire02/kishtey geinee02
Flag
Coat of arms of MacTire02/kishtey geinee02
Coat of arms
Abkhazia as defined by the Government of the Republic of Georgia
Abkhazia as defined by the Government of the Republic of Georgia
CapitalSukhumi (de jure)
Sukhumi (1992-1993)
Tbilisi (1993-2006)
Chkhalta (2006-2008)
Tbilisi (since 2008)
Official languagesAbkhaz and Georgian
Government
• Chairman, Cabinet of Ministers
Giorgi Baramia
• Chairman, Supreme Council
Temur Mzhavia
Autonomous republic of Georgia
• Georgian independence
from the Soviet Union
Declared
Recognised


April 9, 1991
December 25, 1991
CurrencyGeorgian lari (GEL)

Abkhazia (Abkhaz: Аҧсны Apsny, Georgian: აფხაზეთი Apkhazeti, Armenian: Աբխազիա, Megrelian: აბჟუა Abzhua,[6] Russian: Абха́зия Abkhazia) is a political entity on the eastern coast of the Black Sea and the south-western flank of the Caucasus whose status is disputed. The de facto government considers the territory an independent state under the name of the Republic of Abkhazia.[7][8][9][10] This independence is recognised by United Nations member states Russia, Nicaragua, Venezuela and Nauru,[11] and also by South Ossetia and Transnistria.[12]

The Georgian government and the majority of the world's governments consider Abkhazia an integral part of Georgia's territory.[13] In Georgia's official subdivision structure it is an autonomous republic under the name of the Autonomous Republic of Abkhazia (Georgian: აფხაზეთის ავტონომიური რესპუბლიკა, apkhazetis avt'onomiuri resp'ublik'a, Abkhaz: Аҧснытәи Автономтәи Республика, Apsnitwi Avtonomtwi Respublika), whose government sits in exile in Tbilisi. On 28 August 2008, the Parliament of Georgia passed a resolution declaring Abkhazia a "Russian-occupied territory".[14][15]

The status of Abkhazia is a central issue of the Georgian–Abkhazian conflict. The wider region formed part of the Soviet Union until 1991. As the Soviet Union began to disintegrate towards the end of the 1980s, ethnic tensions grew between Abkhaz and Georgians over Georgia's moves towards independence. This led to the 1992–1993 War in Abkhazia that resulted in a Georgian military defeat, de facto independence of Abkhazia and the mass exodus and ethnic cleansing of the Georgian population from Abkhazia. In spite of the 1994 ceasefire agreement and years of negotiations, the status dispute has not been resolved, and despite the long-term presence of a United Nations monitoring force and a Russian-dominated CIS peacekeeping operation, the conflict has flared up on several occasions. In August 2008, the sides again fought during the South Ossetia War, which was followed by the formal recognition of Abkhazia by Russia, the annulment of the 1994 cease fire agreement and the termination of the UN and CIS missions.[citation needed]

  1. ^ http://www.georgiatimes.info/en/news/37913.html
  2. ^ "Abkhazia remains available by Georgian phone codes". Today.Az. 2010-01-06. Retrieved 2010-01-20.
  3. ^ Site programming: Denis Merkushev. "Акт о государственной независимости Республики Абхазия". Abkhaziagov.org. Retrieved 2010-06-22.
  4. ^ "Апсныпресс - государственное информационное агенство Республики Абхазия". Apsnypress.info. Retrieved 2010-06-22.
  5. ^ "Abkhazia: Review of Events for the Year 1996". UNPO. 1997-01-31. Retrieved 2010-06-22.
  6. ^ Otar Kajaia, 2001–2004, Megrelian-Georgian Dictionary (entry abzhua).
  7. ^ Olga Oliker, Thomas S. Szayna. Faultlines of Conflict in Central Asia and the South Caucasus: Implications for the U.S. Army. Rand Corporation, 2003, ISBN 0833032607
  8. ^ Abkhazia: ten years on. By Rachel Clogg, Conciliation Resources, 2001
  9. ^ Emmanuel Karagiannis. Energy and Security in the Caucasus. Routledge, 2002. ISBN 0700714812
  10. ^ GuardianUnlimited. Georgia up in arms over Olympic cash
  11. ^ Barry, Ellen (2009-12-15). "Abkhazia Is Recognized — by Nauru". New York Times. Retrieved 2009-12-29.
  12. ^ "Абхазия, Южная Осетия и Приднестровье признали независимость друг друга и призвали всех к этому же" (in Russian). Newsru. 2006-11-17. Retrieved 2008-08-26.
  13. ^ Tiny Nauru recognises Georgia's other rebel enclave, 16 December 2009
  14. ^ Resolution of the Parliament of Georgia declaring Abkhazia and South Ossetia occupied territories, 28 August 2008.
  15. ^ Abkhazia, S.Ossetia Formally Declared Occupied Territory. Civil Georgia. 2008-08-28