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Ulcerative Colitis
[edit]The GI tract is long that starts from the mouth down to the rectum. Part of this long tract is the large intestine or the lower GI tract that comprises the appendix, cecum, colon, and rectum. It is in the colon where the wastes materials are converted to stool. [1] Inside the colon are cell linings that serves as protective barriers against various irritants like food antigens and other organisms like bacteria and viruses. Also present are bacteria that are normally found in the colon. The balance inside the colon is primarily directed by its immune system. Once there is imbalance inside the colon which triggers an inflammatory response called inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).[2][3] IBD is a relapsing and lingering inflammatory condition. [3]
The concept of genetic factor or familial tendencies with IBD was first noted in a study in 1960s by Kirsner and Spencer. A European study in 1988 proposed the connection of genes among mono zygotic twins with UC with a 15.4% proband concordance compared to 3.9% dizygotic twins. From the same report, first degree relatives of patient with UC among Jewish people have high life time risk compared to the non Jewish people.[4]
- ^ "Ulcerative Colitis | NIDDK". National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. Retrieved 2019-10-16.
- ^ Ungaro, Ryan; Mehandru, Saurabh; Allen, Patrick B.; Peyrin-Biroulet, Laurent; Colombel, Jean-Frédéric (April 29, 2017). "Ulcerative colitis". Lancet (London, England). 389 (10080): 1756–1770. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(16)32126-2. ISSN 1474-547X. PMC 6487890. PMID 27914657.
- ^ a b c Kim, Duk Hwan; Cheon, Jae Hee (February 2017). "Pathogenesis of Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Recent Advances in Biologic Therapies". Immune Network. 17 (1): 25–40. doi:10.4110/in.2017.17.1.25. ISSN 1598-2629. PMC 5334120. PMID 28261018.
- ^ Park, Sung Chul; Jeen, Yoon Tae (05 01, 2019). "Genetic Studies of Inflammatory Bowel Disease-Focusing on Asian Patients". Cells. 8 (5). doi:10.3390/cells8050404. ISSN 2073-4409. PMC 6563043. PMID 31052430.
{{cite journal}}: Check date values in:|date=(help)CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link) - ^ Lee, Seung Hoon; Kwon, Jeong Eun; Cho, Mi-La (January 2018). "Immunological pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease". Intestinal Research. 16 (1): 26–42. doi:10.5217/ir.2018.16.1.26. ISSN 1598-9100. PMC 5797268. PMID 29422795.
- ^ Wan, Ping; Chen, Hao; Guo, Yuan; Bai, Ai-Ping (2014-10-21). "Advances in treatment of ulcerative colitis with herbs: From bench to bedside". World Journal of Gastroenterology : WJG. 20 (39): 14099–14104. doi:10.3748/wjg.v20.i39.14099. ISSN 1007-9327. PMC 4202341. PMID 25339799.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link) - ^ Chen, Wei-Xu; Ren, Li-Hua; Shi, Rui-Hua (2014-11-14). "Enteric microbiota leads to new therapeutic strategies for ulcerative colitis". World Journal of Gastroenterology : WJG. 20 (42): 15657–15663. doi:10.3748/wjg.v20.i42.15657. ISSN 1007-9327. PMC 4229530. PMID 25400449.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)