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Harald II
Portrait of Danish king Harald II (1014-1018)
King of Denmark
Reign3 February 1014 – c. 1018
PredecessorSweyn Forkbeard
SuccessorCnut the Great
Bornc. 996–998
Diedc. 1018
HouseKnýtlinga
FatherSweyn Forkbeard
MotherUnnamed Piast princess

Harald Svendsen (c. 996–998 − c. 1018) was King of Denmark (being Harald II) from 1014 until his death in around 1018.[1] He was the youngest son of Sweyn Forkbeard and Gunhild of Wenden,[2][3][4][5] and was regent while his father was fighting Æthelred the Unready in England. He inherited the Danish throne in 1014, and held it while his brother, the later king Cnut the Great conquered England.[6] After his death in 1018(?), he was succeeded by Cnut the Great. Little detail is known about Harald II.[1]

Birth and family background

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Harald was the eldest son of Sweyn Forkbeard, the king of Denmark. Harald's family was only recently established in Denmark, having their origins as petty kings in Jutland. Harald's own grandfather Harald Bluetooth was the first Danish king to convert to Christianity, only a few decades prior to Harald's birth in the mid-960s. Over half a century, the family consolidated and expanded power, and Harald Bluetooth secured his dynasty's control over Denmark through the building of infrastructure, even expanding his rule to Norway. Harald Bluetooth and Sweyn Forkbeard spent the decades up to Harald's birth and those if his youth in constant activity to solidify their authority over neighbouring Scandinavian petty kings and chieftains

The name of Harald's mother is uncertain. Harald's mother is described by the contemporary German chronicler Thietmar of Merseburg as the unnamed sister of Bolesław I the Brave, king of Poland, and the widow of Eric the Victorious, king of Sweden; the chronicler Adam of Bremen, writing over a century later, confirms this. Some later Scandinavian sources identify her as a Swedish noblewoman named Sigrid the Haughty, but historian Timothy Bolton dismisses this as artistic license. By this marriage, Sweyn had two sons Harald and Cnut, as well as a daughter Estrid. Harald's mother was Sweyn's second wife; he and Cnut had a half-sister Gytha from Sweyn's first marriage that was wed to Eiríkr Hákonarson, Jarl of Lade. Thietmar of Merseburg states that Harald's mother was later repudiated by Sweyn many years before her death and returned to Poland. Harald and Cnut remained in Denmark, where Bolton suggests they were either raised in Sweyn's court or fostered at the courts of other Danish noblemen.

Reign

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Downfall and death

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References

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  1. ^ a b Kongerækken Archived 2009-11-18 at the Wayback Machine at The Danish Monarchy
  2. ^ Andersen, Michael (2014). "Harald 2.". In Kryger, Karin (ed.). Danmarks kongegrave I. pp. 100–101. ISBN 978-87-635-0781-3.
  3. ^ Encomium Emmae Reginae: Cnutonis regis Gesta sive Encomium Emmae reginae (edition 1865) (in Latin) and Encomium Emmae reginae. Edited for the Royal Historical Society by Alistair Campbell, London, 1949
  4. ^ Illustreret dansk Konversations Leksikon, 10. Bind, (ed. T. Vogel-Jørgensen), Copenhagen, 1934, p. 206
  5. ^ Steenstrup, Johannes C. H. R. (1893). "Harald". In Bricka, Carl Frederik (ed.). Dansk Biografisk Lexikon, vol. VII. p. 73.
  6. ^ Harald 2. at Gyldendals Åbne Encyklopædi

Bibliography

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Primary sources

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  • Thietmar of Merseburg (1012–1018). "Chronicon Thietmari Merseburgensis". In Warner, David A. (ed.). Ottonian Germany. The Chronicon of Thietmar of Merseburg (2001). Translated by David A. Warner. Manchester University Press. ISBN 978-0-7190-4926-2.
Regnal titles
Preceded by King of Denmark
1014–1018
Succeeded by