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Coordinates: 53°33′0″N 9°57′0″E / 53.55000°N 9.95000°E / 53.55000; 9.95000
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Jewish Cemetery Altona, view from main entrance

The Jewish Cemetery Altona (German: Jüdischer Friedhof Altona, also known as Jüdischer Friedhof Königstraße or, in reference to its Sephardic part, Portugiesenfriedhof an der Königstraße) is a major former Jewish cemetery located in Hamburg Altona. It was in use between 1611 and 1877 by local Jewish communities of both Sephardic and Ashkenazi tradition. Due to its area of 1.9 ha (4.7 acres) and its large number of extant gravestones, it is regarded as one of the world's most important Jewish cemeteries.

History

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See also: History of the Jews in Hamburg and Portuguese Jewish community in Hamburg

Jews are known to have lived in Hamburg since at least around 1590, but were not officially recognized until 1603.[1]: 357–360  That year, Sephardi Jews bought a parcel of land from Ernst of Schaumburg at the Altona Heuberg and held a first funeral there. Sometime afterwards and before 1616 the German Ashkenazi Jews acquired an adjacent plot to use as a cemetary.[2]: 118 

Spehardic graves often feature a tent-like tombstone
Ashkenazi graves mostly have upright tombstones

Research

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Gravestone of Jacob Emden
Gravestone of the father of Heinrich Heine, Samson Heine

Conservation

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Once again, listing ALL sources (this time there are a lot!) here preemptively. [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] [13] [14] [15] [16] [17] [18] [1] [2] [19] [20] [21] [22] [23] [24] [25] [26] [27] [28]

References

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  1. ^ a b Reils, Hans (1847). "Beiträge zur ältesten Geschichte der Juden in Hamburg, aus den Akten des Staats- und des Ministerialarchivs gesammelt und zusammengestellt". Zeitschrift des Vereins für hamburgische Geschichte (in German). 2. Verein für Hamburgische Geschichte: 357–424. Archived from the original on 2021-01-06. Cite error: The named reference "beiträge-älteste" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  2. ^ a b Freimark, Peter (1981). "Jüdische Friedhöfe im Hamburger Raum". Zeitschrift des Vereins für hamburgische Geschichte (in German). 67. Verein für Hamburgische Geschichte: 117–132. Archived from the original on 2021-01-06. Cite error: The named reference "beiträge-jüd-friedhöfe" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  3. ^ "HAMBURG-ALTONA". International Jewish Cemetery Project. International Association of Jewish Genealogical Societies. Archived from the original on 2021-01-06.
  4. ^ Studemund-Halévy, Michael (December 1998). Rahmani, Moïse (ed.). "Hamburg's Portuguese Cemetery". Los Muestros. 33. European Sephardic Institute. Archived from the original on 2021-01-06.
  5. ^ Robertson, Struan. "Jewish Cemeteries". Universität Hamburg. Archived from the original on 30 November 2010.
  6. ^ Robertson, Struan. "A History of Jews in Hamburg - Beginnings". Universität Hamburg. Archived from the original on 5 June 2010.
  7. ^ Hesse, Frank Pieter (2010). "Der Jüdische Friedhof Altona/Königstraße. Ein Kulturdenkmal von nationaler und internationaler Bedeutung". kunsttexte.de - E-Journal für Kunst- und Bildgeschichte (in German). 2010 (1). kunsttexte e.V. doi:10.18452/7122. Archived from the original on 2021-01-06.
  8. ^ Krol, Annegret (2018). "Zu einer Reise in die Vergangenheit". Rundschau (in German). Vol. 2018, no. 3. Hohenfelder Bürgerverein von 1883 r.V., Stadtteile Hohenfelde und Uhlenhorst. pp. 13–14. Archived from the original on 2021-01-06.
  9. ^ Davidsohn, Roman (5 May 1989). "Jüdischer Friedhof Altona: Verwittert, bemoost und vergessen". Die Zeit (in German). Archived from the original on 13 January 2017.
  10. ^ Studemund-Halévy, Michael (2011). "Über den Tod hinaus. Sefardische Grabkunst in der Alten und in der Neuen Welt". ICOMOS – Hefte des Deutschen Nationalkomitees (in German). 53. Nationalkomitee der Bundesrepublik Deutschland: 170–179. Archived from the original on 2021-01-06.
  11. ^ Studemund-Halévy, Michael (2008). Kaplan, Yosef (ed.). "The persistence of images: Reproductive success in the history of Sephardi sepulchral art" (PDF). Brill's Series in Jewish Studies. The Dutch Intersection: The Jews and the Netherlands in Modern History. 38. Brill: 123–147. ISBN 978-90-47-44214-1.
  12. ^ "Jüdischer Friedhof Altona – Eduard Duckesz-Haus" (in German). Stiftung Denkmalpflege Hamburg. Archived from the original on 2021-01-06.
  13. ^ "Hamburg-Altona, Königstraße 6033 Inschriften (1621-1871)" (in German). Steinheim-Institut. Archived from the original on 2021-01-06.
  14. ^ Studemund-Halévy, Michael. "Friedhöfe". Das Jüdische Hamburg. Ein historisches Nachschlagewerk (in German). Institut für die Geschichte der deutschen Juden. ISBN 978-3835300040. Archived from the original on 2021-01-06.
  15. ^ Zürn, Gaby. "Hochdeutsche Israelitengemeinde zu Altona (HIG)". Das Jüdische Hamburg. Ein historisches Nachschlagewerk (in German). Institut für die Geschichte der deutschen Juden. ISBN 978-3835300040. Archived from the original on 2021-01-06.
  16. ^ Zürn, Gaby. "Beerdigungswesen". Das Jüdische Hamburg. Ein historisches Nachschlagewerk (in German). Institut für die Geschichte der deutschen Juden. ISBN 978-3835300040. Archived from the original on 2021-01-06.
  17. ^ Evangelischer Pressedienst (18 October 2016). "Jüdischer Friedhof soll Weltkulturerbe werden". Jüdische Allgemeine (in German). Archived from the original on 6 January 2021.
  18. ^ Deutsche Presse-Agentur (29 January 2018). "Jüdischer Friedhof Altona: Welterbeantrag zurückgezogen". Süddeutsche Zeitung (in German). Archived from the original on 30 January 2018.
  19. ^ Gretzschel, Matthias (5 May 2009). "Fromet Mendelssohns Grab rekonstruiert". Hamburger Abendblatt (in German). Archived from the original on 30 January 2018. {{cite news}}: |archive-date= / |archive-url= timestamp mismatch; 23 April 2016 suggested (help)
  20. ^ Eusterhus, Eva (28 October 2016). "Das steinerne Archiv" (PDF). Die Welt (in German).
  21. ^ Rehrmann, Marc-Oliver (5 March 2018). "Den Jüdischen Friedhof Altona entdecken". NDR (in German). Archived from the original on 6 January 2021.
  22. ^ Eusterhus, Eva (4 August 2019). "Im zweiten Anlauf will der Jüdische Friedhof zum Titel". Die Welt (in German). Archived from the original on 6 January 2021.
  23. ^ Permanent Delegation of Germany to UNESCO (15 January 2015). "The Jewish Cemetery of Altona Königstraße. Sephardic Sepulchral Culture of the 17th and 18th century between Europe and the Caribbean". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Archived from the original on 6 January 2021.
  24. ^ Battenberg, J. Friedrich (22 September 2016). "The General Privilege of 1641: An Important Step in the Formation of a Jewish Congregation in Altona". Key Documents of German-Jewish History. Translated by Glebe, Ellen Yutzy. Institut für die Geschichte der deutschen Juden. doi:10.23691/jgo:article-3.en.v1. Archived from the original on 6 January 2021.
  25. ^ Richarz, Monika (19 October 2017). "An Ashkenazic-Sephardic Marriage against the Father's Will". Key Documents of German-Jewish History. Translated by Levy, Richard S. Institut für die Geschichte der deutschen Juden. doi:10.23691/jgo:article-79.en.v1. Archived from the original on 6 January 2021.
  26. ^ "Archives of stone - Jewish cemetery Altona". Messianic Living and Learning. Archived from the original on 2021-01-06.
  27. ^ Sárraga, Marian; Sárraga, Ramón F. (April 2002). "Sephardic Epitaphs in Hamburg's Oldest Jewish Cemetery: Poetry, Riddles, and Eccentric Texts". AJS Review. 16 (1). Cambridge University Press on behalf of the Association for Jewish Studies: 53–92. doi:10.1017/S0364009402000028. JSTOR 4131556. Archived from the original on 2021-01-06.
  28. ^ Siegesmunda, Siegfried; Krackea, Tobias; Ruedricha, Joerg; Schwarzburg, Regine (1 October 2010). "Jewish cemetery in Hamburg Altona (Germany): State of marble deterioration and provenance". Engineering Geology. 115 (3–4, Natural stones for historical monuments, testing, durability and provenance). Elsevier: 200–208. doi:10.1016/j.enggeo.2009.07.008. Archived from the original on 6 January 2021.

Bibliography

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53°33′0″N 9°57′0″E / 53.55000°N 9.95000°E / 53.55000; 9.95000

[Category:Jewish cemeteries in Germany] [Category:1611 establishments in Germany] [Category:1877 disestablishments in Germany]

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