User:Lightnessofbeing23/La Voix des Femmes (France, 1848)/Bibliography

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Bibliography

Edit this section to compile the bibliography for your Wikipedia assignment. Add the name and/or notes about what each source covers, then use the "Cite" button to generate the citation for that source.

Vicki De Vries, “Silencing La Voix des Femmes,” The French Review 89, no. 1 (October 2015): 82-97

De Vries’ essay provides a broad overview of the foundations of the publication. She also dives into the subjects tackled and arguments made by the authors of La Voix des Femmes. Additionally, she writes about how publications like these brought women’s voices from the private sphere to the public sphere, pushing back against the masculine hegemony. Finally, De Vries addresses the backlash La Voix des Femmes faced from French men. This article provides a good base for the “lead” section of the Wikipedia page and could also provide information about its general reception among the French population.

Karen Offen, “Women and the Question of ‘Universal’ Suffrage in 1848: A Transatlantic Comparison of Suffragist Rhetoric,” NWSA Journal 11, no. 1 (Spring 1999): 150-177

Offren’s article chronicles how La Voix des Femmes was a main platform for women to express their desire for suffrage, following the democratic establishment of the Second French Republic in early 1848. Throughout March and April of 1848 La Voix des Femmes advocated for female representation in the National Assembly. Following the gathering of the National Assembly, Offren discusses how the paper turned to discussions of women’s education, labor, and marriage rights. Moreover, she highlights rhetorical similarities between articles published in La Voix des Femmes and the contents of the “Declaration of Sentiments” written at the 1848 Seneca Falls convention. This article could be used to illustrate the typical topics in an issue of La Voix des Femmes and connections between early American and French feminisms on our Wikipedia page.

Bonnie S. Anderson, “The Lid Comes Off: International Radical Feminism and the Revolutions of 1848,” NWSA Journal 10, no. 2 (Summer 1998): 1-12

This article examines feminisms in Europe in 1848, and explains how La Voix des Femmes was devoted to promoting women's causes during this time and its revolutions. It also describes that this publication had cross-cultural influence; for example, it encouraged Harriet Taylor to finish her essay on feminism, which became prominent in the U.S. feminist movement.

Judith A. DeGroat, “The Public Nature of Women’s Work: Definitions and Debates during the Revolution of 1848,” French Historical Studies 20, no. 1 (Winter 1997): 31-47

This source describes how La Voix des Femmes covered the conflict between A. Duclerc and female workers who wanted to take their work home so they could also help with household tasks. Duclerc was in charge of workshops in which women sewed shirts for the National Guard, and he tried to fire many women he believed did not deserve their jobs.

Margaret Cohen, “A Woman’s Place: La Petite Fadette v. La Voix des Femmes,” L’Esprit Créateur 29, no. 2 (Summer 1989): 26-38

This article discusses the nomination of George Sand (the pen name of Amantine Dupin) to the French National Assembly of 1848 by La Voix des Femmes, and Sand’s adamant refusal, arguing that her place as a woman is not the National Assembly. The article mainly focuses on the clash between the opposing views of feminism between Sand’s book La Petite Fadette and the newspaper.

Whitney Walton, “Writing the 1848 Revolution: Politics, Gender, and Feminism in the Works of French Women of Letters,” French Historical Studies 18, no. 4 (Fall 1994): 1001-1024

This article focuses on four women, one of them being George Sand. It only mentions the newspaper in relation to George Sand, offering additional commentary on the situation mentioned in “A Woman’s Place: La Petite Fadette v. La Voix des Femmes.”

Laura Strumingher Schor, “‘La Voix des Femmes’: Women and the Revolution of 1848 in France,” Österreichische Zeitschrift Für Geschichtswissenschaften : ÖZG 9, no. 4 (1998): 558-567

This article talks about the history of La Voix des Femmes’ early publications and how it provided an outlet for the women of 1848 to write letters and articles from across France to voice their opinions on social and political issues. This paper was especially pivotal as women wrote in it as a response to the aftermath of the February Revolution where the proclaimed universal suffrage was only extended to men. Women used this paper to call for their right to vote and mobilized to collect funds and support for working class women, poor families, midwives, unemployed workers, and more.

Helga Grubitzsch, “Women’s Projects and Co-Operatives in France at the Beginning of the 19th Century,” Women’s Studies International Forum 8, no. 4 (1985): 279-286

This article explicates how La Voix des Femmes served as one of the many collectively published feminist magazines by women from France in the period of 1830-1848. This was a self-organized project where proletarian and socialist women in the communes organized together to create papers that would ultimately contribute to the Women’s Movement of the 19th century.

Susan K. Foley, Women in France since 1789: The Meanings of Difference. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2004.

This book covers the lives of French women for the past 200 years, discussing their gendered experience as they struggled in politics and participated in movements since the French Revolution. There is a brief section in the monograph that discusses La Voix des Femmes and its formation, relative to the events of 1848 and the lack of universal suffrage. Women were astonished that they were not included in the suffrage provisions and demanded their rights. La Voix is one example of an outlet for women's voices as they lobbied the Provisional Government to recognize their autonomy.

Pamela Pilbeam, French Socialists Before Marx: Workers, Women and the Social Question in France. Montreal & Kingston: McGill-Queen's University Press, 2000.

This book discusses early socialists in France, and explains how their ideas developed and transformed into a worldwide movement that emphasized revolution. The author also looks at employed women's contributions in worker associations and newspapers, such as La Voix des Femmes, which she describes at length in the book.

Bonnie S. Anderson, Joyous greetings: the first international women's movement, 1830-1860 (New York: Oxford University Press, 2000)

Anderson’s book details the connections between La Voix des Femmes and other international women’s movements. Her novel also gives a general overview of the paper’s founding members and the topics covered. She dives into the members of the French feminist movement, also known as Vesuviennes, and how they united to organize for labor, education, and political rights. This source will help add nuance and detail to the other sources that also discuss the foundation of La Voix des Femmes. With the specifics that Anderson provides, our final Wikipedia article will be able to clearly delineate the beginning, middle, and end of the paper’s history.

“1848 in Paris,” in Political and Historical Encyclopedia of Women, ed., Christine Fauré, Richard Dubois (New York: Routledge, 2003)

This section in the Political and Historical Encyclopedia of Women places La Voix des Femmes in the context of the wider French feminist movement of the time. Specifically, this section provides insight into the paper’s roots in the socialist movement known as Saint-Simonism. The authors dive into La Voix des Femmes’ labor advocacy and their promotion of national workshops. Additionally, later parts of the section dive into the paper’s debacle with George Sand. This will help provide corroboration for our other sources and give a more in-depth account of their dispute. Overall, “1848 in Paris” is a key source that will not only back up information found in other articles but add original content as well. For example, this was the only source that was able to tell us that La Voix des Femmes was not just a daily Parisian newspaper, but the first newspaper to be published daily in France by women.

Outline of proposed changes

We will first discuss the historical context that surrounded La Voix des Femmes' establishment. The newspaper was created around the time of the French Revolution of 1848, during which the populace urged for a switch from conservative monarchies to liberal democracies. It was in this context that French feminism increased, as women took an active role in organizing and protesting. We will also discuss the February Revolution as that served as a major turning point for the publication's content, as this was when universal suffrage in France was declared. Universal suffrage, however, did not extend the voting rights to women, and La Voix des Femmes served as publication that allowed women to express their frustrations and self-mobilize to benefit their communities.

La Voix des Femmes is a strong example of new female power during this time, as women joined to advocate for women's rights within the context of the revolution and switch to the Second Republic. La Voix des Femmes promoted feminist interests, provided a space for women to exercise their political opinions, and brought together a community united by women's rights as well as the prospect of universal suffrage for women as well. Additionally, La Voix des Femmes' influence spanned many nations; for example, it encouraged women in the United States to promote feminist interests and create feminist publications.

La Voix des Femmes was predominantly run by proletarian and socialist women in the communes of France. We will discuss the leading women who oversaw the publications of these magazines, and their brief histories in relation to the paper (i.e. how they got involved). We will also discuss other literary figures who were involved, such as Victor Hugo.

We will then discuss the major works, controversies, and the publication's place in liberal French society. This will focus on the core beliefs of the magazine (specifically labor, educational, maternal, and political rights for women), along with how those beliefs were not the same as all French feminists at the time. This will center on the timeframe that the magazine was in print. Many notable French authors contributed or read this newspaper, but it also faced backlash from many men and women of the period. Our article will provide insight into how La Voix des Femmes was received across France and in other feminist spheres across the globe.