User:Lichomsm/Early onset dementia/Bibliography
Bibliography
Vieira RT, Caixeta L, Machado S, Silva AC, Nardi AE, Arias-Carrión O, Carta MG. Epidemiology of early-onset dementia: a review of the literature. Clin Pract Epidemiol Ment Health. 2013 Jun 14;9:88-95. doi: 10.2174/1745017901309010088. PMID: 23878613; PMCID: PMC3715758.
This is a strong source as it is a systematic review of multiple databases for papers on different versions of early-onset dementia. Following inclusion/exclusion criteria, 73 papers were chosen for review. Search terms included: alcohol-associated dementia, Alzheimer’s disease, dementia, Creutzfeldt-jakob disease, dementia with lewy bodies, early onset dementia, frontotemporal lobar degeneration, Huntington’s disease, mixed dementia, neurodegenerative disorders, Parkinson’s disease dementia, presenile dementia, traumatic brain injury, vascular dementia. Limitation includes papers reviewed only from 1985 up to 2012.
Key points from article:
- Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the overall most common etiology of early-onset dementia (EOD), followed by vascular dementia (VaD) and Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration (FTLD).
- There have been a small number of individual studies done in other countries that revealed VaD to be the most common cause of EOD (e.g. Japan, Brazil, India), and a couple that revealed FTLD to be most common cause.
- Though not a major cause, TBIs are an important cause of EOD. Young individuals, especially males, are more likely to be part of this population group.
- Individuals with EOD are more likely to have a dementia other than AD compared to those with late-onset/senile dementia (?double check this)
- EOD has a faster progression, features more extensive neuronal damage (i.e. synaptic loss, presence of plaques/tangles), and leads to greater complications compared to senile dementia. This may be due to decreased cognitive reserve in late-onset dementias, causing greater complication relative to pathological burden.
- EOAD compared to LOAD:
- Behavioral symptoms: EOAD more likely to have absence of confusion, more likely to affect attention, less likely to exhibit delusion, hallucination, agitation, disinhibition
- Motor symptoms: EOAD less likely to affect verbal fluency and motor executive function
Kelley BJ, Boeve BF, Josephs KA. Young-Onset Dementia: Demographic and Etiologic Characteristics of 235 Patients. Arch Neurol. 2008;65(11):1502–1508. doi:10.1001/archneur.65.11.1502
This is a more recent paper on the epidemiology of EOD. Limitation of the paper is that it excluded patients with known single cause of cognitive decline, such as TBI or stroke, which may have implications for external validity of paper.
Bang J, Spina S, Miller BL. Frontotemporal dementia. Lancet. 2015 Oct 24;386(10004):1672-82. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(15)00461-4. PMID: 26595641; PMCID: PMC5970949.
This is a comprehensive overview of Frontotemporal Dementia (FTD). Very detailed summary of the disease, though has limited information concerning early-onset version of FTD. Use if creating subsection on FTD.
van de Veen D, Bakker C, Peetoom K, Pijnenburg Y, Papma J; PRECODE study group; de Vugt M, Koopmans R. Provisional consensus on the nomenclature and operational definition of dementia at a young age, a Delphi study. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2022 Mar;37(3):10.1002/gps.5691. doi: 10.1002/gps.5691. PMID: 35156239; PMCID: PMC9305901.
Important paper regarding classification and terminology of early-onset dementia. Key points from article include that young onset dementia is term that is becoming more accepted by experts in the field; the participants were divided on whether early onset dementia is a good term. Earlier and presenile dementia did not get good evaluation by participants.
Krüger J, Aaltonen M, Aho K, Heikkinen S, Kivisild A, Lehtonen A, Leppänen L, Rinnankoski I, Soppela H, Tervonen L, Suhonen NM, Haapasalo A, Portaankorva AM, Mäki-Petäjä-Leinonen A, Hartikainen P, Katisko K, Solje E. Incidence and Prevalence of Early-Onset Dementia in Finland. Neurology. 2024 Aug 27;103(4):e209654. doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000209654. Epub 2024 Jul 24. PMID: 39047214; PMCID: PMC11314947.
Epidemiological study done in Finland with large patient population: 12,490 individuals were initially reviewed; 794 patients ultimately included in paper. Important: strongest meta-analysis on prevalence of early onset dementia thus far.
Hendriks S, Peetoom K, Bakker C, et al.; Young-Onset Dementia Epidemiology Study Group. Global incidence of young-onset dementia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Alzheimer's Dement. 2023; 19: 831–843. https://doi.org/10.1002/alz.12695
This is a strong article from the journal "Alzheimer's and Dementia" on behalf of the Alzheimer's Association that is a meta-analysis of epidemiology of EOD. Strength: published in 2023.
Hendriks S, Peetoom K, Bakker C, van der Flier WM, Papma JM, Koopmans R, Verhey FRJ, de Vugt M, Köhler S; Young-Onset Dementia Epidemiology Study Group; Withall A, Parlevliet JL, Uysal-Bozkir Ö, Gibson RC, Neita SM, Nielsen TR, Salem LC, Nyberg J, Lopes MA, Dominguez JC, De Guzman MF, Egeberg A, Radford K, Broe T, Subramaniam M, Abdin E, Bruni AC, Di Lorenzo R, Smith K, Flicker L, Mol MO, Basta M, Yu D, Masika G, Petersen MS, Ruano L. Global Prevalence of Young-Onset Dementia: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA Neurol. 2021 Sep 1;78(9):1080-1090. doi: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2021.2161. PMID: 34279544; PMCID: PMC8290331.
This is a strong article from JAMA Neurology that is another metanalysis of epidemiological data on EOD. Strength: published in 2021.
Kårelind F, Finkel D, Zarit SH, Wijk H, Bielsten T, Johansson L. Post-diagnostic support for persons with young-onset dementia - a retrospective analysis based on data from the Swedish dementia registry SveDem. BMC Health Serv Res. 2024 May 21;24(1):649. doi: 10.1186/s12913-024-11108-7. PMID: 38773535; PMCID: PMC11110303.
Though this paper is a primary source, this study is a retrospective analysis conducted in Sweden that highlights formal service shortages in patients with early-onset dementia. Strength: published in 2024. Weakness: primary research.
Villa NAE, Wen C, Espiridion ED. Understanding the Complexity of Early-Onset Dementia. Cureus. 2024 Apr 9;16(4):e57897. doi: 10.7759/cureus.57897. PMID: 38725758; PMCID: PMC11080675.
This paper discusses some of the challenges that come with diagnosing early-onset dementia, such as other conditions that may resemble sign/symptoms seen in EOD, and highlights the importance of accurate and detailed work-up for this disease. Limitation: this paper reads more as a case report and opinion article than meta-analysis.
Chun MY, Chae W, Seo SW, Jang H, Yun J, Na DL, Kang D, Lee J, Hammers DB, Apostolova LG, Jang SI, Kim HJ. Effects of risk factors on the development and mortality of early- and late-onset dementia: an 11-year longitudinal nationwide population-based cohort study in South Korea. Alzheimers Res Ther. 2024 Apr 25;16(1):92. doi: 10.1186/s13195-024-01436-5. PMID: 38664771; PMCID: PMC11044300.
This 11-year longitudinal study discusses the risk factors in development and mortality of EOD compared to senile dementia.
Key points from article:
- Risk factors for development both EOD and LOD: diabetes mellitus and osteoporosis
- Risk factors for development only EOD: hypertension
- Risk factors for development only LOD: atrial fibrillation
- Risk factor for mortality in both EOD and LOD: DM
- Risk factor for mortality in EOD only: none mentioned
- Risk factor for mortality in LOD only: HTN and Afib
- Risk factor that decreased mortality in both EOD and LOD: hyperlipidemia (!)
Zamboni G, Maramotti R, Salemme S, Tondelli M, Adani G, Vinceti G, Carbone C, Filippini T, Vinceti M, Pagnoni G, Chiari A. Age-specific prevalence of the different clinical presentations of AD and FTD in young-onset dementia. J Neurol. 2024 Jul;271(7):4326-4335. doi: 10.1007/s00415-024-12364-7. Epub 2024 Apr 21. PMID: 38643445; PMCID: PMC11233291.
This paper features additional overview of the literature surrounding EOD, and its strength includes publication in 2024.
Key point from article:
- There is a well-established data that the prevalence of Alzheimer's increases with age across the entire age spectrum; this is true for both EOD and LOD. It is still unknown whether this increase represents only the most frequent, amnestic presentation, or whether this includes the other, more atypical presentations.
- Studies suggest that there is a similar continuous increase in prevalence in FTD, the second most common cause of EOD; however, this relationship is not as strong as the one documented for AD. Similarly, it is unknown whether the most common variant of FTD is causing this relationship to exist, or whether it is present in the less common versions.
- This paper sought to elucidate the above unknown epidemiological question
- Results: the most common variants of both AD and FTD (amnesic AD and behavioral variant of FTD, respectively) increase disproportionally with age compared to other clinical presentations of each disease.
Li, Rui, et al. “Associations of Socioeconomic Status and Healthy Lifestyle with Incident Early-Onset and Late-Onset Dementia: A Prospective Cohort Study.” The Lancet Healthy Longevity, vol. 4, no. 12, 1 Dec. 2023, pp. e693–e702, https://doi.org/10.1016/s2666-7568(23)00211-8.
Website: https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanhl/article/PIIS2666-7568(23)00211-8/fulltext
This is a prospective cohort study investigating the risk factors for early onset dementia. Specifically, it aims to explore the relative impact of socioeconomic status in mediating risk for early onset v. late onset dementia, and what interaction this has on heathy lifestyle.
Shang, Xianwen, et al. “Association of a Wide Range of Chronic Diseases and Apolipoprotein E4 Genotype with Subsequent Risk of Dementia in Community-Dwelling Adults: A Retrospective Cohort Study.” EClinicalMedicine, vol. 45, 1 Mar. 2022, pp. 101335–101335, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101335. Accessed 3 Sept. 2023.
Website: https://www.thelancet.com/journals/eclinm/article/PIIS2589-5370(22)00065-7/fulltext
Important paper summarizing the conventional risk factors for dementia, as well as comparing the relative impact of chronic diseases on early onset v. late onset dementia.
Loi, Samantha M, et al. “Young‐Onset Dementia Diagnosis, Management and Care: A Narrative Review.” The Medical Journal of Australia, vol. 218, no. 4, 19 Feb. 2023, pp. 182–189, https://doi.org/10.5694/mja2.51849.
Website: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.5694/mja2.51849
This is an important paper that discusses the difficulties with diagnosing, recommended steps for work-up, and specific differences in management of patients with EOD compared to LOD.
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Potential articles:
Ridha, Basil MRCP*; Josephs, Keith A. MST, MD†. Young-Onset Dementia: A Practical Approach to Diagnosis. The Neurologist 12(1):p 2-13, January 2006. | DOI: 10.1097/01.nrl.0000186798.86255.69
This is an article from the journal "The Neurologist" which provides an overview of the diagnostic work-up and diagnosis of early-onset dementia. NOTE: no access to article currently
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This is a chapter from the journal "International Review of Neurobiology" that is an overview of early-onset dementia. NOTE: no access to article currently.
Giannakopoulos P, Hof PR, Savioz A, Guimon J, Antonarakis SE, Bouras C. Early-onset dementias: clinical, neuropathological and genetic characteristics. Acta Neuropathol. 1996;91(5):451-65. doi: 10.1007/s004010050452. PMID: 8740225.
This source would potentially be helpful in discussing the neuropathological and genetic differences specific to early-onset dementias. NOTE: no access to article currently