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User:Leiho.Bob/Arabidopsis thaliana chloride channels

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Plant chloride channels

Chloride channels (CLC) in plants are proteins located in the membranes of different organelles and some members of the family have higher affinity for other anions than chloride.

Members of the CLC family are identified by sequence homology. Little is known about plant CLCs and the best studied protein is AtCLCa from Arabidopsis thaliana. There are at least two different sub families in Arabidopsis, covering seven different chloride channels (AtCLCa-g). Also in other plant species were chloride channels found and examined.

Evolution of chloride channels in plants

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Comparing the sequences of CLCs from different plant species with human and prokaryotic CLCs led to the formation of two subclasses in the plant CLC family. This suggests that two distinct genes evolved into the different CLCs.[1]


Chloride channels in plant species

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Arabidopsis thaliana

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Seven chloride channels are identified in Arabidopsis, AtCLCa - AtCLCg.

Protein Subclass Tissue Localization Selectivity Reference
AtCLCa I xxx Vacuole NO3- [2]
AtCLCb I xxx Vacuole unknown [3]
AtCLCc I xxx Vacuole NO3-/Cl- [4]
AtCLCd I xxx Golgi Cl- [5]
AtCLCe II xxx Chloroplast NO3- [6]
AtCLCf II xxx Golgi Cl- [7]
AtCLCg I xxx Vacuole unknown [8]

Soybean

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GmCLC1 was the first chloride channel identified in soybean (Glycine max L.). The protein is located in the tonoplat and transports chloride into the vacuole.[9] The protein has 79 % sequence homology with AtCLCa.

Rice

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Five CLCs are found in rice (Oryza sativa L.), OsCLC1-5.[10]

Protein Subclass Tissue Localization Selectivity Reference
OsCLC1 ? most tissues Vacuole maybe chloride [11]
OsCLC2 ? roots, nodes, internodes, leaf sheaths Vacuole unknown [12]
OsCLC3 ? unknown unknown unknown [13]
OsCLC4 ? unknown unknown unknown [14]
OsCLC5 ? unknown unknown unknown [15]


Tobacco

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The tobacco CLC-Nt1 is localized to the inner membrane of mitochondria. [16]


References

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  1. ^ Lv, Q.D., Tang, R.J., Liu, H., Gao, X.S., Li, Y.Z., Zheng, H.Q., Zhang, H.X. (2010). "Cloning and molecular analyses of the Arabidopsis thaliana chloride channel gene familiy". Plant Science. 176: 650-661. doi:10.1016/j.plantsci.2009.02.006. {{cite journal}}: line feed character in |title= at position 81 (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
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  9. ^ [www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17080938 W.Y. Li, F.L. Wong, S.N. Tsai, T.H. Phang, G. Shao, H.M. Lam, Tonoplast-located GmCLC1 and GmNHX1 from soybean enhance NaCl tolerance in transgenic bright yellow (BY)-2 cells, Plant Cell Environ. 29 (2006) 1122–1137]
  10. ^ G. Zifarelli, M. Pusch (2010) CLC transport proteins in plants FEBS Letters, 584, Issue 10, 2122-2127
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  16. ^ [www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1221065/pdf/10816421.pdf Lurin C, Güclü J, Cheniclet C, Carde JP, Barbier-Brygoo H, and Maurel C. Clc-Nt1, a putative chloride channel protein of tobacco, co-localizes with mitochondrial membrane markers. Biochem J 348: 291-295, 2000]
  • Lv, Q.D., Tang, R.J., Liu, H., Gao, X.S., Li, Y.Z., Zheng, H.Q., Zhang, H.X. (2009) Cloning and molecular analyses of the Arabidopsis thaliana chloride channel gene familiy. Plant Science, 176, 650–661


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