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Water levels during the storm surges of 1953, 1976 and 1978 (metres O.D.)[1]
Location 1953 evening tide 1976 evening tide 1978 evening tide 2011 ujbj
Wick - - 3.92
North Shields 3.32 3.43 3.52
Hull 4.946[2]
Barton on Humber - - 5.15
South Ferriby 4.79 5.30 5.30
Immingham 4.50 4.50 4.67
Grimsby - 4.35 4.50
Boygrift - 4.30 4.50
Boston Dock 5.25 5.24 5.50
Boston Grand Sluice 5.40 5.22 5.63
Fosdyke ca. 5.40 5.18 5.90
Wisbech ca. 5.10 4.99 5.60
King's Lynn 5.65 4.99 5.92
Wells 5.13 4.46 4.91
Great Yarmouth 3.28 2.69 2.19
Southwold 3.50 2.50 2.00
Aldeburgh 3.78 2.83 2.45

Hilde/Eino 15-18 November

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Total Precipitable water over Europe, 15/11/2013

The Norwegian Meteorological Institute gave an extreme weather warning naming the storm Hilde. The low pressure was named Otto by the Free University of Berlin, and Eino by the Finnish Meteorological Institute. The low formed on 13 November dissipating on 19, and dropped to a low of 971 hPa.[3] The Norwegian meteorological institute warned of gusts up to 45 m/s in central Norway on 16 November. The highest wind in Finland 32.9 metres per second (118 km/h) was reported from Kaskinen, on the Finnish west coast.[4]

Oskari 1 December

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Oskari (Vincenc) – November 29–December 4, 2013. 976 hPa.[5] Named by the Finnish Meteorological Institute. Oskari was stronger than the Hilde/Eino storm in Finland, with a maximum gust of 34.7 metres per second (125 km/h) at Märket skerry lighthouse, to the west of the Åland Islands.[4]

Xaver 5-7 December (North Sea tidal/storm surge)

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Main article: Cyclone Xaver

Named Bodil by Danish Meteorological Institute and Sven by SMHI, the storm brought Force 12 winds and heavy snowfall. The storm brought a storm surge to the Irish and North Seas with coastal flooding resulting from what the Environment Agency in the United Kingdom described as the worst storm surge in 60 years. Record water levels were also reported in the Oresund between Sweden and Denmark. Blizzards and severe weather in Sweden and Poland led to several fatalities. The North Sea storm surge on 4–5 December 2013 saw water damage 1,400 buildings and 6,800 hectares (17,000 acres) of land in the UK.[6] The storm surge and resulting coastal flooding caused no direct deaths in the UK, which was attributed to the warnings that were issued several days in advance and the improved coastal defences in comparison to the North Sea flood of 1953 in which over 300 lives were lost in the flooding along the coast of the UK.[6]

Ivar/Seija 12 December

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Ivar named by the Norwegian Meteorological Institute, and Seija by the Finnish Meteorological Institute.[7] unnamed by the FUB. December 10–17, 2013. 977 hPa.[8] With a route and intensity similar to Hilde, Ivar once again brought hurricane force winds to central Norway.[9] In Norway 50,000 customers were without power.[10] In Sweden the storm left 55,000 across Norrland without power.[11] Near record level winds were reported from Finland, where 200,000 were left without power.[12] Estonia saw winds up to 115 km/h and 45,000 homes without electricity.[13] Described as more powerful than both Hilde/Eino and Oskari, but slightly weaker than Cyclone Dagmar of 2011 in Finland.[14] Video of shoppers in Alesund Norway struggling against the wind from the storm was shown widely on internet after becoming a hit on YouTube.[15] http://www.smhi.se/nyhetsarkiv/sammanfattning-av-stormen-ivar-1.34911

Zaki and Adam 14-15 December

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Zaki – December 12–16, 2013 and Adam December 14–19, 2013. 952 hPa.[16]

Faroes saw winds over 100 miles per hour (160 km/h) not as bad as thought to Western Isles of Scotland.[17] Damage to school roof in Faroes.http://www.in.fo/news-detail/news/odnin-avhasad-a-hesum-sinni/

http://vejret.tv2.dk/artikel/id-73100073:f%C3%A6r%C3%B8erne-i-skudlinjen-to-storme-p%C3%A5-%C3%A9t-d%C3%B8gn.html http://jyllands-posten.dk/indland/trafik/ECE6336975/ekstremt-vindstoed-ramte-faeroeerne/

Faroese authorities measured at Oyndarfjørður on the island of Eysturoy extreme gusts measured at 73.9 metres per second (266 km/h) which, according to official measurements may be a new record, higher than 66.9 metres per second (241 km/h) recorded at Mykines in March 1997.[18] Though local orographic effects may prevent this wind speed reaching the record books.[18]

However, it is far from certain that extreme wind gusts by Oyndarfjørður being approved as new Faroese record. The anemometer is in a valley at 250 meters above sea level surrounded by over 700 meters high on each side. This is the strong southerly winds through the valley, as through a funnel - and thereby given the extreme wind speeds. Highest mean wind was measured at 41.5 m / s The so far preliminary record holder Mykines measured during the night storm winds of 45 m / s By comparison, the strongest winds during the hurricane in October in Denmark 53.5 m / s, while the storm 'Bodil' 5 December this year featured 44 m / s in gusts.[18]

Weekend brought gusts of to Stornoway: 70mph South Uist: 71mph Sule Skerry: 75mph Fair Isle: 70mph Lerwick: 78mph Torshavn (Faroe Isles): 112mph max windspeed.[19] Camlmac services to the western Scotland. Scotrail services disrupted by fallen trees Delays on routes into Glasgow, flooding Gourock, Christmas attractions in Edinburgh closed, Whitburn social club roof in West Lothian.[20]

Adam-http://www.woksat.info/etcvl15/vl15-1321-e-ic.JPG

15 December heavy rain brought flash flooding to 30 homes after a pump failure in Treorchy, Rhondda South Wales.[21]

Synopsis

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References

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  1. ^ Steers, J. A.; Stoddart, D. R.; Bayliss-Smith, T. P.; Spencer, T.; Durbidge, P. M. (July 1979). "The Storm Surge of 11 January 1978 on the East Coast of England". The Geographical Journal. 145 (2): 192–205. doi:10.2307/634386. JSTOR 634386. Retrieved 19 October 2012.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  2. ^ "Hull tidal barrier saves city from record 4.9m high tides". BBC News. Retrieved 29 December 2012.
  3. ^ "November 17, 2013 surface analysis". Free University Berlin. Retrieved 29 December 2013.
  4. ^ a b "Oskari starkare än Eino". YLE (in Swedish). 02 December 2013. Retrieved 16 February 2014. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  5. ^ "December 1, 2013 surface analysis". Met Office. Retrieved 29 December 2013.
  6. ^ a b Slingo, Julia; Belcher, Stephen; Scaife, Adam; McCarthy, Mark; Saulter, Andy; McBeath, Kirsty; Jenkins, Alan; Huntingford, Chris; Marsh, Terry; Hannaford, Jamie; Parry, Simon (11 February 2014). "The Recent Storms and Floods in the UK" (PDF). United Kingdom Met Office. Archived from the original on 11 February 2014. Retrieved 11 February 2014. {{cite web}}: Invalid |display-authors=11 (help)
  7. ^ "Stormen mattas av före tio". Hufudstadsbladet. Retrieved 13 December 2013.
  8. ^ "December 13, 2013 surface analysis". Met Office. Retrieved 29 December 2013.
  9. ^ "Sammanfattning av stormen Ivar". SMHI (in Swedish). Retrieved 17 February 2014.
  10. ^ "Vinterstorm i Norge og Sverige: Tusinder mister strømmen". Danish Broadcasting Corporation (in Danish). 13 December 2014. Retrieved 16 February 2014.
  11. ^ "Storm Ivar leaves thousands without power". The Local (se). 13 December 2013. Retrieved 13 December 2013.
  12. ^ "Storm brings near-record high winds". YLE. 13 December 2013. Retrieved 13 December 2013.
  13. ^ "Storm Damage: 45,000 Households Without Power". Estonian Public Broadcasting. 13 December 2013. Retrieved 13 December 2013.
  14. ^ "Seija kraftigare än både Eino och Oskari". YLE (in Swedish). 13 December 2013. Retrieved 16 February 2014.
  15. ^ "You think Christmas shopping on your high street is bad? Check out this video from Norway…". Metro. 15 December 2013. Retrieved 28 February 2014.
  16. ^ "December 16, 2013 surface analysis". Met Office. Retrieved 29 December 2013.
  17. ^ "VIDEO: Stormy weekend with more to come". Stornoway Gazette. 16 December 2013. Retrieved 18 December 2013.
  18. ^ a b c Brandt, Anders (15 December 2013). "Færøerne ramt af rekordvoldsomt vindstød". TV2 (in Danish). Retrieved 18 December 2013.
  19. ^ Graham, Eddy (15 December 2014). "Aftermath of weekend storms / Action replay this coming week". University of the Highlands and Islands by Dr. Eddy Graham: Edward Graham's Journal. Retrieved 19 February 2014.
  20. ^ "Scotland and Northern Ireland lashed by 80mph winds days before Storm Emily hits rest of UK". Metro. 14 December 2014. Retrieved 18 March 2014.
  21. ^ "Treorchy homes evacuated in flash flooding after pumping station failure". BBC News. 15 December 2014. Retrieved 15 March 2014.
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