User:Kweetal nl/sandbox27

This is a list of the bird species of India and includes extant and recently extinct species recorded within the political limits of the Republic of India as defined by the Indian government. There have been 1377 species recorded as of 2023,^[1] of which 81 are endemic to the country.^[1] 212 species are globally threatened.^[2] The Indian peafowl (Pavo cristatus) is the national bird of India.^[3] This list does not cover species in Indian jurisdiction areas such as Dakshin Gangotri and oceanic species are delineated by an arbitrary cutoff distance. The list does not include fossil bird species or escapees from captivity.

This list's taxonomic treatment (designation and sequence of orders, families and species) and nomenclature (common and scientific names) follow the conventions of the IOC World Bird List, version 13.1. This list also uses British English throughout. Any bird names or other wording follows that convention.

The following tags have been used to highlight several categories. The commonly occurring native species do not fit within any of these categories.

(V) Vagrant - Also known as a rarity, it refers to a species that rarely or accidentally occurs in India-typically less than ten confirmed records.
(E) Endemic - a species endemic to India
(Ex) Extirpated - a species that no longer occurs in India although populations exist elsewhere

Ducks, geese and swans

Order: Anseriformes Family: Anatidae

Anatidae includes the ducks and most duck-like waterfowl, such as geese and swans. These birds are adapted to an aquatic existence with webbed feet, flattened bills, and feathers that are excellent at shedding water due to an oily coating. There are 45 species which have been recorded in India.


Common name	Binomial	Comments
Fulvous whistling duck	Dendrocygna bicolor (Vieillot, 1816)
Lesser whistling duck	Dendrocygna javanica (Horsfield, 1821)
Red-breasted goose	Branta ruficollis (Pallas, 1769)	(V);^[4] vulnerable
Bar-headed goose	Anser indicus (Latham, 1790)
Greylag goose	Anser anser (Linnaeus, 1758)
Taiga bean goose	Anser fabalis (Latham, 1787)	(V)
Tundra bean goose	Anser serrirostris Gould, 1852	(V);^[5] by some authorities considered a variety of Anser fabalis (Latham, 1787)
Greater white-fronted goose	Anser albifrons (Scopoli, 1769)
Lesser white-fronted goose	Anser erythropus (Linnaeus, 1758)	(V);^[6]^[7] vulnerable
Mute swan	Cygnus olor (Gmelin, JF, 1789)	(V)
Tundra swan	Cygnus columbianus (Ord, 1815)	(V); race bewickii sometimes treated as a species^[8]
Whooper swan	Cygnus cygnus (Linnaeus, 1758)	(V)
Knob-billed duck	Sarkidiornis melanotos (Pennant, 1769)
Common shelduck	Tadorna tadorna (Linnaeus, 1758)
Ruddy shelduck	Tadorna ferruginea (Pallas, 1764)
White-winged duck	Asarcornis scutulata (Müller, S, 1842)	Endangered
Mandarin duck	Aix galericulata (Linnaeus, 1758)	(V)
Wood duck	Aix sponsa (Linnaeus, 1758)	(V)Least concern
Cotton pygmy goose	Nettapus coromandelianus (Gmelin, JF, 1789)
Baikal teal	Sibirionetta formosa (Georgi, 1775)	(V)
Garganey	Spatula querquedula (Linnaeus, 1758)
Northern shoveler	Spatula clypeata (Linnaeus, 1758)
Gadwall	Mareca strepera (Linnaeus, 1758)
Falcated duck	Mareca falcata (Georgi, 1775)	Near threatened
Eurasian wigeon	Mareca penelope (Linnaeus, 1758)
Indian spot-billed duck	Anas poecilorhyncha Forster, JR, 1781
Eastern spot-billed duck	Anas zonorhyncha Swinhoe, 1866	(V)
Mallard	Anas platyrhynchos Linnaeus, 1758
Northern pintail	Anas acuta Linnaeus, 1758
Eurasian teal	Anas crecca Linnaeus, 1758
Andaman teal	Anas albogularis (Hume, 1873)	(E); vulnerable
Marbled duck	Marmaronetta angustirostris (Ménétriés, 1832)	Vulnerable
Pink-headed duck	Rhodonessa caryophyllacea (Latham, 1790)	critically endangered (possibly extinct)
Red-crested pochard	Netta rufina (Pallas, 1773)
Common pochard	Aythya ferina (Linnaeus, 1758)	Vulnerable
Baer's pochard	Aythya baeri (Radde, 1863)	Critically endangered
Ferruginous duck	Aythya nyroca (Güldenstädt, 1770)	Near threatened
Tufted duck	Aythya fuligula (Linnaeus, 1758)
Greater scaup	Aythya marila (Linnaeus, 1761)
Long-tailed duck	Clangula hyemalis (Linnaeus, 1758)	(V); vulnerable
Common goldeneye	Bucephala clangula (Linnaeus, 1758)
Smew	Mergellus albellus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Common merganser	Mergus merganser Linnaeus, 1758
Red-breasted merganser	Mergus serrator Linnaeus, 1758	(V)
White-headed duck	Oxyura leucocephala (Scopoli, 1769)	Endangered

Megapodes

Order: Galliformes Family: Megapodiidae

The Megapodiidae are stocky, medium-large chicken-like birds with small heads and large feet. All but the malleefowl occupy jungle habitats and most have brown or black colouring. There is one species within India.

Common name	Binomial	Status
Nicobar scrubfowl	Megapodius nicobariensis Blyth, 1846	(E); vulnerable

Pheasants and allies

Order: Galliformes Family: Phasianidae

The Phasianidae are a family of terrestrial birds which consists of quails, partridges, snowcocks, francolins, spurfowl, tragopans, monals, pheasants, peafowls and jungle fowls. In general, they are plump (although they vary in size) and have broad, relatively short wings.


Common name	Binomial	Comments
Snow partridge	Lerwa lerwa (Hodgson, 1833)
Himalayan snowcock	Tetraogallus himalayensis Gray, GR, 1843
Tibetan snowcock	Tetraogallus tibetanus Gould, 1854
Chukar partridge	Alectoris chukar (Gray, JE, 1830)
Black francolin	Francolinus francolinus (Linnaeus, 1766)
Painted francolin	Francolinus pictus (Jardine & Selby, 1828)
Chinese francolin	Francolinus pintadeanus (Scopoli, 1786)
Grey francolin	Ortygornis pondicerianus (Gmelin, JF, 1789)
Swamp francolin	Ortygornis gularis (Temminck, 1815)	Vulnerable
Tibetan partridge	Perdix hodgsoniae (Hodgson, 1856)
Common quail	Coturnix coturnix (Linnaeus, 1758)
Japanese quail	Coturnix japonica Temminck & Schlegel, 1848	Near threatened
Rain quail	Coturnix coromandelica (Gmelin, JF, 1789)
King quail	Synoicus chinensis (Linnaeus, 1766)
Jungle bush quail	Perdicula asiatica (Latham, 1790)
Rock bush quail	Perdicula argoondah (Sykes, 1832)	(E)
Painted bush quail	Perdicula erythrorhyncha (Sykes, 1832)	(E)
Manipur bush quail	Perdicula manipurensis Hume, 1881	(E); endangered
Himalayan quail	Ophrysia superciliosa (Gray, JE, 1846)	(E); critically endangered^[9]
Hill partridge	Arborophila torqueola (Valenciennes, 1825)
Rufous-throated partridge	Arborophila rufogularis (Blyth, 1849)
White-cheeked partridge	Arborophila atrogularis (Blyth, 1849)	Near threatened
Chestnut-breasted partridge	Arborophila mandellii Hume, 1874	Vulnerable
Mountain bamboo partridge	Bambusicola fytchii Anderson, 1871
Red spurfowl	Galloperdix spadicea (Gmelin, JF, 1789)	(E)
Painted spurfowl	Galloperdix lunulata (Valenciennes, 1825)	(E)
Blood pheasant	Ithaginis cruentus (Hardwicke, 1821)
Western tragopan	Tragopan melanocephalus (Gray, JE, 1829)	Vulnerable
Satyr tragopan	Tragopan satyra (Linnaeus, 1758)	Near threatened
Blyth's tragopan	Tragopan blythii (Jerdon, 1870)	Vulnerable
Temminck's tragopan	Tragopan temminckii (Gray, JE, 1831)
Koklass pheasant	Pucrasia macrolopha (Lesson, RP, 1829)
Himalayan monal	Lophophorus impejanus (Latham, 1790)
Sclater's monal	Lophophorus sclateri Jerdon, 1870	Vulnerable
Red junglefowl	Gallus gallus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Grey junglefowl	Gallus sonneratii Temminck, 1813	(E)
Kalij pheasant	Lophura leucomelanos (Latham, 1790)
Cheer pheasant	Catreus wallichii (Hardwicke, 1827)	Vulnerable
Mrs. Hume's pheasant	Syrmaticus humiae (Hume, 1881)	Near threatened
Tibetan eared pheasant	Crossoptilon harmani Elwes, 1881
Grey peacock-pheasant	Polyplectron bicalcaratum (Linnaeus, 1758)
Indian peafowl	Pavo cristatus Linnaeus, 1758
Green peafowl	Pavo muticus Linnaeus, 1766	Endangered; (Ex)^[10]

Frogmouths

Order: Podargiformes Family: Podargidae

The frogmouths are a group of nocturnal birds related to the nightjars. They are named for their large flattened hooked bill and huge frog-like gape, which they use to take insects. There are two species which have been recorded in India.


Common name	Binomial	Comments
Sri Lanka frogmouth	Batrachostomus moniliger Blyth, 1849	ssp. roonwali in India
Hodgson's frogmouth	Batrachostomus hodgsoni (Gray, GR, 1859)

Nightjars

Order: Caprimulgiformes Family: Caprimulgidae

Nightjars are medium-sized nocturnal birds that usually nest on the ground. They have long wings, short legs and very short bills. Most have small feet, of little use for walking, and long pointed wings. Their soft plumage is camouflaged to resemble bark or leaves.


Common name	Binomial	Comments
Great eared nightjar	Lyncornis macrotis (Vigors, 1831)
Jungle nightjar	Caprimulgus indicus Latham, 1790
Grey nightjar	Caprimulgus jotaka Temminck & Schlegel, 1845
European nightjar	Caprimulgus europaeus Linnaeus, 1758
Sykes's nightjar	Caprimulgus mahrattensis Sykes, 1832
Jerdon's nightjar	Caprimulgus atripennis Jerdon, 1845
Large-tailed nightjar	Caprimulgus macrurus Horsfield, 1821
Andaman nightjar	Caprimulgus andamanicus Hume, 1873	(E)
Indian nightjar	Caprimulgus asiaticus Latham, 1790
Savanna nightjar	Caprimulgus affinis Horsfield, 1821

Treeswifts

Order: Apodiformes Family: Hemiprocnidae

The treeswifts, or crested swifts, are closely related to the true swifts. They differ from the other swifts in that they have crests, long forked tails and softer plumage. There is one species which occurs in India.


Common name	Binomial	Comments
Crested treeswift	Hemiprocne coronata (Tickell, 1833)

Swifts

Order: Apodiformes Family: Apodidae

Swifts are small birds which spend the majority of their lives flying. These birds have very short legs and never settle voluntarily on the ground, perching instead only on vertical surfaces. Many swifts have long swept-back wings which resemble a crescent or boomerang. There are 16 species which have been recorded in India.


Common name	Binomial	Comments
Plume-toed swiftlet	Collocalia affinis Beavan, 1867
Indian swiftlet	Aerodramus unicolor (Jerdon, 1840)
Himalayan swiftlet	Aerodramus brevirostris (Horsfield, 1840)
Edible-nest swiftlet	Aerodramus fuciphagus (Thunberg, 1812)
White-rumped spinetail	Zoonavena sylvatica (Tickell, 1846)
White-throated needletail	Hirundapus caudacutus (Latham, 1801)
Silver-backed needletail	Hirundapus cochinchinensis (Oustalet, 1878)
Brown-backed needletail	Hirundapus giganteus (Temminck, 1825)
Asian palm swift	Cypsiurus balasiensis (Gray, JE, 1829)
Alpine swift	Tachymarptis melba (Linnaeus, 1758)
Common swift	Apus apus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Pallid swift	Apus pallidus (Shelley, 1870)	(V)
Pacific swift	Apus pacificus ssp. kurodae
Blyth's swift	Apus leuconyx (Blyth, 1845)
Dark-rumped swift	Apus acuticauda (Jerdon, 1864)	Vulnerable
Little swift	Apus affinis (Gray, JE, 1830)
House swift	Apus nipalensis (Hodgson, 1837)

Bustards

Order: Otidiformes Family: Otididae

Bustards are large terrestrial birds mainly associated with dry open country and steppes in the Old World. They are omnivorous and nest on the ground. They walk steadily on strong legs and big toes, pecking for food as they go. They have long broad wings with "fingered" wingtips and striking patterns in flight. Many have interesting mating displays.


Common name	Binomial	Comments
Great Indian bustard	Ardeotis nigriceps (Vigors, 1831)	Critically endangered
MacQueen's bustard	Chlamydotis macqueenii (Gray, JE, 1832)	Vulnerable; earlier as subspecies of houbara bustard, Chlamydotis undulata (Jacquin, 1784)
Bengal florican	Houbaropsis bengalensis (Müller, PLS, 1776)	Critically endangered
Lesser florican	Sypheotides indicus (Miller, JF, 1782)	Endangered
Little bustard	Tetrax tetrax (Linnaeus, 1758)	(V); near threatened

Cuckoos

Order: Cuculiformes Family: Cuculidae

The family Cuculidae includes cuckoos, roadrunners and anis. These birds are of variable size with slender bodies, long tails and strong legs. Many are brood parasites. There are 24 species which have been recorded in India.


Common name	Binomial	Comments
Greater coucal	Centropus sinensis (Stephens, 1815)
Lesser coucal	Centropus bengalensis (Gmelin, JF, 1788)
Andaman coucal	Centropus andamanensis Beavan, 1867
Sirkeer malkoha	Taccocua leschenaultii Lesson, RP, 1830
Blue-faced malkoha	Phaenicophaeus viridirostris (Jerdon, 1840)
Green-billed malkoha	Phaenicophaeus tristis (Lesson, RP, 1830)
Chestnut-winged cuckoo	Clamator coromandus (Linnaeus, 1766)
Jacobin cuckoo	Clamator jacobinus (Boddaert, 1783)
Asian koel	Eudynamys scolopaceus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Asian emerald cuckoo	Chrysococcyx maculatus (Gmelin, JF, 1788)
Violet cuckoo	Chrysococcyx xanthorhynchus (Horsfield, 1821)
Horsfield's bronze cuckoo	Chrysococcyx basalis (Horsfield, 1821)	(V)
Banded bay cuckoo	Cacomantis sonneratii (Latham, 1790)
Plaintive cuckoo	Cacomantis merulinus (Scopoli, 1786)
Grey-bellied cuckoo	Cacomantis passerinus (Vahl, 1797)
Square-tailed drongo-cuckoo	Surniculus lugubris (Horsfield, 1821)
Fork-tailed drongo-cuckoo	Surniculus dicruroides (Hodgson, 1839)
Large hawk-cuckoo	Hierococcyx sparverioides (Vigors, 1832)
Common hawk-cuckoo	Hierococcyx varius (Vahl, 1797)
Hodgson's hawk-cuckoo	Hierococcyx nisicolor (Blyth, 1843)
Lesser cuckoo	Cuculus poliocephalus Latham, 1790
Indian cuckoo	Cuculus micropterus Gould, 1838
Himalayan cuckoo	Cuculus saturatus Blyth, 1843
Common cuckoo	Cuculus canorus Linnaeus, 1758

Sandgrouse

Order: Pterocliformes Family: Pteroclidae

Sandgrouse have small, pigeon like heads and necks, but sturdy compact bodies. They have long pointed wings and sometimes tails and a fast direct flight. Flocks fly to watering holes at dawn and dusk. Their legs are feathered down to the toes. There are seven species which have been recorded in India. India has the largest number of sandgrouse of any country.


Common name	Binomial	Comments
Tibetan sandgrouse	Syrrhaptes tibetanus Gould, 1850
Pallas's sandgrouse	Syrrhaptes paradoxus (Pallas, 1773)	(V)
Pin-tailed sandgrouse	Pterocles alchata (Linnaeus, 1766)	(V)
Chestnut-bellied sandgrouse	Pterocles exustus Temminck, 1825
Spotted sandgrouse	Pterocles senegallus (Linnaeus, 1771)
Black-bellied sandgrouse	Pterocles orientalis (Linnaeus, 1758)
Painted sandgrouse	Pterocles indicus (Gmelin, JF, 1789)

Pigeons and doves

Order: Columbiformes Family: Columbidae

Pigeons and doves are stout-bodied birds with short necks and short slender bills with a fleshy cere.


Common name	Binomial	Comments
Rock dove	Columba livia Gmelin, JF, 1789
Hill pigeon	Columba rupestris Pallas, 1811
Snow pigeon	Columba leuconota Vigors, 1831
Yellow-eyed pigeon	Columba eversmanni Bonaparte, 1856	vulnerable
Common wood pigeon	Columba palumbus Linnaeus, 1758
Speckled wood pigeon	Columba hodgsonii Vigors, 1832
Ashy wood pigeon	Columba pulchricollis Blyth, 1846
Nilgiri wood pigeon	Columba elphinstonii (Sykes, 1832)	(E); vulnerable
Pale-capped pigeon	Columba punicea Blyth, 1842	Vulnerable
Andaman wood pigeon	Columba palumboides (Hume, 1873)	(E); near threatened
European turtle dove	Streptopelia turtur (Linnaeus, 1758)	(V);^[11] vulnerable
Oriental turtle dove	Streptopelia orientalis (Latham, 1790)
Eurasian collared dove	Streptopelia decaocto (Frivaldszky, 1838)
Red collared dove	Streptopelia tranquebarica (Hermann, 1804)
Spotted dove	Spilopelia chinensis (Scopoli, 1786)
Laughing dove	Spilopelia senegalensis (Linnaeus, 1766)
Barred cuckoo-dove	Macropygia unchall (Wagler, 1827)
Andaman cuckoo-dove	Macropygia rufipennis Blyth, 1846	(E); near threatened
Namaqua dove	Oena capensis (Linnaeus, 1766)	(V)
Common emerald dove	Chalcophaps indica (Linnaeus, 1758)
Nicobar pigeon	Caloenas nicobarica (Linnaeus, 1758)	Near threatened
Orange-breasted green pigeon	Treron bicinctus (Jerdon, 1840)
Grey-fronted green pigeon	Treron affinis (Jerdon, 1840)	(E)
Ashy-headed green pigeon	Treron phayrei (Blyth, 1862)	Near threatened
Andaman green pigeon	Treron chloropterus Blyth, 1845	(E); near threatened
Thick-billed green pigeon	Treron curvirostra (Gmelin, JF, 1789)
Yellow-footed green pigeon	Treron phoenicopterus (Latham, 1790)
Pin-tailed green pigeon	Treron apicauda Blyth, 1846
Wedge-tailed green pigeon	Treron sphenurus (Vigors, 1832)
Green imperial pigeon	Ducula aenea (Linnaeus, 1766)
Nicobar imperial pigeon	Ducula nicobarica (Pelzeln, 1865)	(E)
Mountain imperial pigeon	Ducula badia (Raffles, 1822)
Malabar imperial pigeon	Ducula cuprea (Jerdon, 1840)	(E)
Pied imperial pigeon	Ducula bicolor (Scopoli, 1786)

Finfoots

Order: Gruiformes Family: Heliornithidae

Heliornithidae is a small family of tropical birds with webbed lobes on their feet similar to those of grebes and coots. There is one species which occurs in India.


Common name	Binomial	Comments
Masked finfoot	Heliopais personatus (Gray, GR, 1849)	Endangered

Rails, crakes, and coots

Order: Gruiformes Family: Rallidae

Rallidae is a large family of small to medium-sized birds which includes the rails, crakes, coots and gallinules. Typically they inhabit dense vegetation in damp environments near lakes, swamps or rivers. In general they are shy and secretive birds, making them difficult to observe. Most species have strong legs and long toes which are well adapted to soft uneven surfaces. They tend to have short, rounded wings and to be weak fliers.


Common name	Binomial	Comments
Water rail	Rallus aquaticus Linnaeus, 1758
Brown-cheeked rail	Rallus indicus Blyth, 1849
Corn crake	Crex crex (Linnaeus, 1758)	(V)^[11]
Slaty-breasted rail	Lewinia striata (Linnaeus, 1766)
Spotted crake	Porzana porzana (Linnaeus, 1766)
Common moorhen	Gallinula chloropus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Eurasian coot	Fulica atra Linnaeus, 1758
Grey-headed swamphen	Porphyrio poliocephalus (Latham, 1801)
Ruddy-breasted crake	Zapornia fusca (Linnaeus, 1766)
Black-tailed crake	Zapornia bicolor (Walden, 1872)
Brown crake	Zapornia akool (Sykes, 1832)
Baillon's crake	Zapornia pusilla (Pallas, 1776)
Little crake	Zapornia parva (Scopoli, 1769)	(V)
Slaty-legged crake	Rallina eurizonoides (Lafresnaye, 1845)
Andaman crake	Rallina canningi (Blyth, 1863)	(E)
Red-legged crake	Rallina fasciata (Raffles, 1822)	(V)
White-browed crake	Poliolimnas cinereus (Vieillot, 1819)	(V)^[12]
Watercock	Gallicrex cinerea (Gmelin, JF, 1789)
White-breasted waterhen	Amaurornis phoenicurus (Pennant, 1769)

Cranes

Order: Gruiformes Family: Gruidae

Cranes are large, long-legged and long-necked birds. Unlike the similar-looking but unrelated herons, cranes fly with necks outstretched, not pulled back. Most have elaborate and noisy courting displays or "dances". There are five species which have been recorded in India.


Common name	Binomial	Comments
Siberian crane	Leucogeranus leucogeranus (Pallas, 1773)	Critically endangered, possibly extirpated;^[13] last known wintering in India in 2002^[14]
Sarus crane	Antigone antigone (Linnaeus, 1758)	Vulnerable
Demoiselle crane	Grus virgo (Linnaeus, 1758)
Common crane	Grus grus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Black-necked crane	Grus nigricollis Przevalski, 1876	Vulnerable

The hooded crane, Grus monacha, was included in many older lists but is considered hypothetical (Rasmussen and Anderton, 2005) or even extirpated^[15] by more recent workers.

Grebes

Order: Podicipediformes Family: Podicipedidae

Grebes are small to medium-large freshwater diving birds. They have lobed toes and are excellent swimmers and divers. However, they have their feet placed far back on the body, making them quite ungainly on land. There are five species which have been recorded in India.


Common name	Binomial	Comments
Little grebe	Tachybaptus ruficollis (Pallas, 1764)
Red-necked grebe	Podiceps grisegena (Boddaert, 1783)	(V)
Great crested grebe	Podiceps cristatus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Horned grebe	Podiceps auritus (Linnaeus, 1758)	(V); vulnerable
Black-necked grebe	Podiceps nigricollis Brehm, CL, 1831

Flamingos

Order: Phoenicopteriformes Family: Phoenicopteridae

Flamingos are gregarious wading birds, usually 3 to 5 feet (0.9 to 1.5 m) tall, found in both the Western and Eastern Hemispheres. Flamingos filter-feed on shellfish and algae. Their oddly shaped beaks are specially adapted to separate mud and silt from the food they consume and, uniquely, are used upside-down. There are two species which have been recorded in India.


Common name	Binomial	Comments
Greater flamingo	Phoenicopterus roseus Pallas, 1811
Lesser flamingo	Phoeniconaias minor (Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, É, 1798)	Near threatened

Buttonquail

Order: Charadriiformes Family: Turnicidae

The buttonquail are small, drab, running birds which resemble the true quails. The female is the brighter of the sexes and initiates courtship. The male incubates the eggs and tends the young. There are three species which have been recorded in India.


Common name	Binomial	Comments
Common buttonquail	Turnix sylvaticus (Desfontaines, 1789)
Yellow-legged buttonquail	Turnix tanki Blyth, 1843
Barred buttonquail	Turnix suscitator (Gmelin, JF, 1789)

Stone-curlews and thick-knees

Order: Charadriiformes Family: Burhinidae

Stone-curlews are a group of largely tropical waders in the family Burhinidae. They are found worldwide within the tropical zone, with some species also breeding in temperate Europe and Australia. They are medium to large waders with strong black or yellow-black bills, large yellow eyes and cryptic plumage. Despite being classed as waders, most species have a preference for arid or semi-arid habitats.


Common name	Binomial	Comments
Indian stone-curlew	Burhinus indicus (Salvadori, 1866)	Occurrence of Eurasian stone-curlew, Burhinus oedicnemus, in India is not established^[16]
Great stone-curlew	Esacus recurvirostris (Cuvier, 1829)	Near threatened
Beach stone-curlew	Esacus magnirostris (Vieillot, 1818)	Near threatened

Oystercatchers

Order: Charadriiformes Family: Haematopodidae

The oystercatchers are large and noisy plover-like birds, with strong bills used for smashing or prising open molluscs. There is one species which occurs in India.


Common name	Binomial	Comments
Eurasian oystercatcher	Haematopus ostralegus Linnaeus, 1758	Near threatened

Ibisbill

Order: Charadriiformes Family: Ibidorhynchidae

The ibisbill is related to the waders, but is sufficiently distinctive to be a family unto itself. The adult is grey with a white belly, red legs, a long down curved bill, and a black face and breast band.


Common name	Binomial	Comments
Ibisbill	Ibidorhyncha struthersii Vigors, 1832

Stilts and avocets

Order: Charadriiformes Family: Recurvirostridae

Recurvirostridae is a family of large wading birds, which includes the avocets and stilts. The avocets have long legs and long up-curved bills. The stilts have extremely long legs and long, thin, straight bills. There are two species which have been recorded in India.


Common name	Binomial	Comments
Black-winged stilt	Himantopus himantopus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Pied avocet	Recurvirostra avosetta Linnaeus, 1758

Plovers

Order: Charadriiformes Family: Charadriidae

The family Charadriidae includes the plovers, dotterels and lapwings. They are small to medium-sized birds with compact bodies, short, thick necks and long, usually pointed, wings. They are found in open country worldwide, mostly in habitats near water. There are 20 species which have been recorded in India.

Common name	Binomial	Comments
Northern lapwing	Vanellus vanellus (Linnaeus, 1758)	Near threatened
River lapwing	Vanellus duvaucelii (Lesson, RP, 1826)	Near threatened
Yellow-wattled lapwing	Vanellus malabaricus (Boddaert, 1783)
Grey-headed lapwing	Vanellus cinereus (Blyth, 1842)
Red-wattled lapwing	Vanellus indicus (Boddaert, 1783)
Sociable lapwing	Vanellus gregarius (Pallas, 1771)	critically endangered
White-tailed lapwing	Vanellus leucurus (Lichtenstein, MHC, 1823)
European golden plover	Pluvialis apricaria (Linnaeus, 1758)	(V)^[17]
Pacific golden plover	Pluvialis fulva (Gmelin, JF, 1789)
American golden plover	Pluvialis dominica (Müller, PLS, 1776)	(V)
Grey plover	Pluvialis squatarola (Linnaeus, 1758)
Common ringed plover	Charadrius hiaticula Linnaeus, 1758	(V)
Long-billed plover	Charadrius placidus Gray, JE & Gray, GR, 1863
Little ringed plover	Charadrius dubius Scopoli, 1786
Kentish plover	Charadrius alexandrinus Linnaeus, 1758
White-faced plover	Charadrius dealbatus (Swinhoe, 1870)	(V)^[18]
Lesser sand plover	Charadrius mongolus Pallas, 1776
Greater sand plover	Charadrius leschenaultii Lesson, RP, 1826
Caspian plover	Charadrius asiaticus Pallas, 1773	(V)
Oriental plover	Charadrius veredus Gould, 1848	(V)

Painted-snipes

Order: Charadriiformes Family: Rostratulidae

Painted-snipes are short-legged, long-billed birds similar in shape to the true snipes, but more brightly coloured. There is one species which occurs in India.

Common name	Binomial	Comments
Greater painted-snipe	Rostratula benghalensis (Linnaeus, 1758)

Jacanas

Order: Charadriiformes Family: Jacanidae

The jacanas are a group of tropical waders in the family Jacanidae. They are found throughout the tropics. They are identifiable by their huge feet and claws which enable them to walk on floating vegetation in the shallow lakes that are their preferred habitat. There are two species which have been recorded in India.

Common name	Binomial	Comments
Pheasant-tailed jacana	Hydrophasianus chirurgus (Scopoli, 1786)
Bronze-winged jacana	Metopidius indicus (Latham, 1790)

Sandpipers and snipes

Order: Charadriiformes Family: Scolopacidae

Scolopacidae is a large diverse family of small to medium-sized shorebirds including the sandpipers, curlews, godwits, shanks, tattlers, woodcocks, snipes, dowitchers and phalaropes. The majority of these species eat small invertebrates picked out of the mud or soil. Variation in length of legs and bills enables multiple species to feed in the same habitat, particularly on the coast, without direct competition for food. There are 41 species which have been recorded in India.

Common name	Binomial	Comments
Eurasian whimbrel	Numenius phaeopus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Eurasian curlew	Numenius arquata (Linnaeus, 1758)	Near threatened
Bar-tailed godwit	Limosa lapponica (Linnaeus, 1758)	Near threatened
Black-tailed godwit	Limosa limosa (Linnaeus, 1758)	Near threatened
Ruddy turnstone	Arenaria interpres (Linnaeus, 1758)
Great knot	Calidris tenuirostris (Horsfield, 1821)	Endangered
Red knot	Calidris canutus (Linnaeus, 1758)	(V); Near threatened
Ruff	Calidris pugnax (Linnaeus, 1758)
Broad-billed sandpiper	Calidris falcinellus (Pontoppidan, 1763)
Sharp-tailed sandpiper	Calidris acuminata (Horsfield, 1821)	(V)
Stilt sandpiper	Calidris himantopus (Bonaparte, 1826)	(V)^{[citation needed]}
Curlew sandpiper	Calidris ferruginea (Pontoppidan, 1763)	Near threatened
Temminck's stint	Calidris temminckii (Leisler, 1812)
Long-toed stint	Calidris subminuta (Middendorff, 1853)
Spoon-billed sandpiper	Calidris pygmaea (Linnaeus, 1758)	(V); critically endangered
Red-necked stint	Calidris ruficollis (Pallas, 1776)	Near threatened
Sanderling	Calidris alba (Pallas, 1764)
Dunlin	Calidris alpina (Linnaeus, 1758)
Little stint	Calidris minuta (Leisler, 1812)
Buff-breasted sandpiper	Calidris subruficollis (Vieillot, 1819)	(V); near threatened
Pectoral sandpiper	Calidris melanotos (Vieillot, 1819)	(V)
Asian dowitcher	Limnodromus semipalmatus (Blyth, 1848)	Near threatened
Long-billed dowitcher	Limnodromus scolopaceus (Say, 1822)	(V)^[19]
Eurasian woodcock	Scolopax rusticola Linnaeus, 1758
Jack snipe	Lymnocryptes minimus (Brünnich, 1764)
Solitary snipe	Gallinago solitaria Hodgson, 1831
Wood snipe	Gallinago nemoricola Hodgson, 1836	Vulnerable
Pin-tailed snipe	Gallinago stenura (Bonaparte, 1831)	Non-breeding range
Swinhoe's snipe	Gallinago megala Swinhoe, 1861
Great snipe	Gallinago media (Latham, 1787)	(V); near threatened
Common snipe	Gallinago gallinago (Linnaeus, 1758)
Terek sandpiper	Xenus cinereus (Güldenstädt, 1775)
Red-necked phalarope	Phalaropus lobatus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Red phalarope	Phalaropus fulicarius (Linnaeus, 1758)	(V)
Common sandpiper	Actitis hypoleucos (Linnaeus, 1758)
Green sandpiper	Tringa ochropus Linnaeus, 1758
Grey-tailed tattler	Tringa brevipes (Vieillot, 1816)	(V)
Common redshank	Tringa totanus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Marsh sandpiper	Tringa stagnatilis (Bechstein, 1803)
Wood sandpiper	Tringa glareola Linnaeus, 1758
Spotted redshank	Tringa erythropus (Pallas, 1764)
Common greenshank	Tringa nebularia (Gunnerus, 1767)
Nordmann's greenshank	Tringa guttifer (Nordmann, 1835)	(V)

Crab-plover

Order: Charadriiformes Family: Dromadidae

The crab-plover is related to the waders. It resembles a plover but with very long grey legs and a strong heavy black bill similar to a tern. It has black-and-white plumage, a long neck, partially webbed feet and a bill designed for eating crabs.


Common name	Binomial	Comments
Crab-plover	Dromas ardeola Paykull, 1805

Coursers and pratincoles

Order: Charadriiformes Family: Glareolidae

Glareolidae is a family of wading birds comprising the pratincoles, which have short legs, long pointed wings and long forked tails, and the coursers, which have long legs, short wings and long, pointed bills which curve downwards. There are six species which have been recorded in India.


Common name	Binomial	Comments
Cream-coloured courser	Cursorius cursor (Latham, 1787)
Indian courser	Cursorius coromandelicus (Gmelin, JF, 1789)
Jerdon's courser	Rhinoptilus bitorquatus (Blyth, 1848)	Endemic; critically endangered
Collared pratincole	Glareola pratincola (Linnaeus, 1766)
Oriental pratincole	Glareola maldivarum Forster, JR, 1795
Small pratincole	Glareola lactea Temminck, 1820

Gulls, terns, and skimmers

Order: Charadriiformes Family: Laridae

Laridae is a family of medium to large seabirds, the gulls, terns, and skimmers. Gulls are typically grey or white, often with black markings on the head or wings. They have stout, longish bills and webbed feet. Terns are a group of generally medium to large seabirds typically with grey or white plumage, often with black markings on the head. Most terns hunt fish by diving but some pick insects off the surface of fresh water. Terns are generally long-lived birds, with several species known to live in excess of 30 years. Skimmers are a small family of tropical tern-like birds. They have an elongated lower mandible which they use to feed by flying low over the water surface and skimming the water for small fish.


Common name	Binomial	Comments
Brown noddy	Anous stolidus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Lesser noddy	Anous tenuirostris (Temminck, 1823)	(V)^[20]
Black noddy	Anous minutus Boie, F, 1844	(V)^[20]
White tern	Gygis alba (Sparrman, 1786)	(V)^[20]^[21]
Indian skimmer	Rynchops albicollis Swainson, 1838	Vulnerable
Black-legged kittiwake	Rissa tridactyla (Linnaeus, 1758)	(V);^[20] vulnerable
Sabine's gull	Xema sabini (Sabine, 1819)	(V)^[20]^[22]
Slender-billed gull	Chroicocephalus genei (Brème, 1839)
Brown-headed gull	Chroicocephalus brunnicephalus (Jerdon, 1840)
Black-headed gull	Chroicocephalus ridibundus (Linnaeus, 1766)
Little gull	Hydrocoloeus minutus (Pallas, 1776)	(V)^[20]^[11]
Franklin's gull	Leucophaeus pipixcan (Wagler, 1831)	(V)^[20]^[23]
Pallas's gull	Ichthyaetus ichthyaetus (Pallas, 1773)
White-eyed gull	Ichthyaetus leucophthalmus (Temminck, 1825)	(V);^[24] near threatened
Sooty gull	Ichthyaetus hemprichii (Bruch, 1855)	(V)^[20]
Common gull	Larus canus Linnaeus, 1758	(V)^[20]
Vega gull	Larus vegae Palmén, 1887	(V)
Caspian gull	Larus cachinnans Pallas, 1811
Lesser black-backed gull	Larus fuscus Linnaeus, 1758
Gull-billed tern	Gelochelidon nilotica (Gmelin, JF, 1789)
Caspian tern	Hydroprogne caspia (Pallas, 1770)
Greater crested tern	Thalasseus bergii (Lichtenstein, MHC, 1823)
Lesser crested tern	Thalasseus bengalensis (Lesson, RP, 1831)
Sandwich tern	Thalasseus sandvicensis (Latham, 1787)
Little tern	Sternula albifrons (Pallas, 1764)
Saunders's tern	Sternula saundersi (Hume, 1877)
Bridled tern	Onychoprion anaethetus (Scopoli, 1786)
Sooty tern	Onychoprion fuscatus (Linnaeus, 1766)
River tern	Sterna aurantia Gray, JE, 1831	Near threatened
Roseate tern	Sterna dougallii Montagu, 1813
Black-naped tern	Sterna sumatrana Raffles, 1822
Common tern	Sterna hirundo Linnaeus, 1758
White-cheeked tern	Sterna repressa Hartert, EJO, 1916
Arctic tern	Sterna paradisaea Pontoppidan, 1763	(V)^[20]
Black-bellied tern	Sterna acuticauda Gray, JE, 1831	Endangered
Whiskered tern	Chlidonias hybrida (Pallas, 1811)
White-winged tern	Chlidonias leucopterus (Temminck, 1815)
Black tern	Chlidonias niger (Linnaeus, 1758)	(V)^[20]

Skuas

Order: Charadriiformes Family: Stercorariidae

The family Stercorariidae are, in general, medium to large birds, typically with grey or brown plumage, often with white markings on the wings. They nest on the ground in temperate and arctic regions and are long-distance migrants. There are five species which have been recorded in India.


Common name	Binomial	Comments
South polar skua	Stercorarius maccormicki Saunders, H, 1893	(V)^[25]
Brown skua	Stercorarius antarcticus (Lesson, RP, 1831)	(V)^[25]
Pomarine jaeger	Stercorarius pomarinus (Temminck, 1815)
Parasitic jaeger	Stercorarius parasiticus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Long-tailed jaeger	Stercorarius longicaudus Vieillot, 1819	(V)^[26]

Tropicbirds

Order: Phaethontiformes Family: Phaethontidae

Tropicbirds are slender white birds of tropical oceans, with exceptionally long central tail feathers. Their heads and long wings have black markings.


Common name	Binomial	Comments
Red-billed tropicbird	Phaethon aethereus Linnaeus, 1758	(V)
Red-tailed tropicbird	Phaethon rubricauda Boddaert, 1783
White-tailed tropicbird	Phaethon lepturus Daudin, 1802	(V)

Loons

Order: Gaviiformes Family: Gaviidae

Loons, known as "divers" in Europe, are a group of aquatic birds found in northern North America and northern Eurasia. They are the size of a large duck or small goose, which they somewhat resemble when swimming, but to which they are completely unrelated. There are two species which have been recorded in India.


Common name	Binomial	Comments
Red-throated loon	Gavia stellata (Pontoppidan, 1763)	(V)
Black-throated loon	Gavia arctica (Linnaeus, 1758)	(V)

Austral storm petrels

Order: Procellariiformes Family: Oceanitidae

The storm petrels are relatives of the petrels and are the smallest seabirds. They feed on planktonic crustaceans and small fish picked from the surface, typically while hovering. The flight is fluttering and sometimes bat-like.


Common name	Binomial	Comments
Wilson's storm petrel	Oceanites oceanicus (Kuhl, 1820)
White-faced storm petrel	Pelagodroma marina (Latham, 1790)	(V)
White-bellied storm petrel	Fregetta grallaria (Vieillot, 1818)
Black-bellied storm petrel	Fregetta tropica (Gould, 1844)	(V)

Albatrosses

Order: Procellariiformes Family: Diomedeidae

The albatrosses are among the largest of flying birds, and the great albatrosses from the genus Diomedea have the largest wingspans of any extant birds.


Common name	Binomial	Comments
Light-mantled albatross	Phoebetria palpebrata (Forster, JR, 1785)	(V)

Northern storm petrels

Order: Procellariiformes Family: Hydrobatidae

The northern storm petrels are relatives of the petrels and are the smallest seabirds. They feed on planktonic crustaceans and small fish picked from the surface, typically while hovering. The flight is fluttering and sometimes bat-like.


Common name	Binomial	Comments
Swinhoe's storm petrel	Hydrobates monorhis (Swinhoe, 1867)	Near threatened

Petrels, shearwaters, and diving petrels

Order: Procellariiformes Family: Procellariidae

The procellariids are the main group of medium-sized "true petrels", characterised by united nostrils with medium septum and a long outer functional primary. There are 9 species which have been recorded in India.


Common name	Binomial	Comments
Barau's petrel	Pterodroma baraui (Jouanin, 1964)	Endangered
Streaked shearwater	Calonectris leucomelas (Temminck, 1836)	Near threatened
Cory's shearwater	Calonectris borealis (Cory, 1881)	(V) ^[27]
Wedge-tailed shearwater	Ardenna pacifica (Gmelin, JF, 1789)
Sooty shearwater	Ardenna grisea (Gmelin, JF, 1789)	(V)
Short-tailed shearwater	Ardenna tenuirostris (Temminck, 1836)	(V)
Flesh-footed shearwater	Ardenna carneipes (Gould, 1844)	Near threatened
Persian shearwater	Puffinus persicus Hume, 1872
Tropical shearwater	Puffinus bailloni Bonaparte, 1857
Jouanin's petrel	Bulweria fallax Jouanin, 1955	Near threatened

Storks

Order: Ciconiiformes Family: Ciconiidae

Storks are large, long-legged, long-necked, wading birds with long, stout bills. Storks are mute, but bill-clattering is an important mode of communication at the nest. Their nests can be large and may be reused for many years. Many species are migratory.


Common name	Binomial	Comments
Painted stork	Mycteria leucocephala (Pennant, 1769)	Near threatened
Asian openbill	Anastomus oscitans (Boddaert, 1783)
African openbill	Anastomus lamelligerus Temminck, 1823	(V)
Black stork	Ciconia nigra (Linnaeus, 1758)
Asian woolly-necked stork	Ciconia episcopus (Boddaert, 1783)
White stork	Ciconia ciconia (Linnaeus, 1758)
Black-necked stork	Ephippiorhynchus asiaticus (Latham, 1790)	Near threatened
Lesser adjutant	Leptoptilos javanicus (Horsfield, 1821)	Vulnerable
Greater adjutant	Leptoptilos dubius (Gmelin, JF, 1789)	Endangered

Frigatebirds

Order: Suliformes Family: Fregatidae

Frigatebirds are large seabirds usually found over tropical oceans. They are large, black-and-white or completely black, with long wings and deeply forked tails. The males have coloured inflatable throat pouches. They do not swim or walk and cannot take off from a flat surface. Having the largest wingspan-to-body-weight ratio of any bird, they are essentially aerial, able to stay aloft for more than a week.^[25]


Common name	Binomial	Comments
Christmas frigatebird	Fregata andrewsi Mathews, 1914	(V)
Great frigatebird	Fregata minor (Gmelin, JF, 1789)	(V)
Lesser frigatebird	Fregata ariel (Gray, GR, 1845)	(V)

Gannets and boobies

Order: Suliformes Family: Sulidae

The sulids comprise the gannets and boobies. Both groups are medium to large coastal seabirds that plunge-dive for fish.


Common name	Binomial	Comments
Masked booby	Sula dactylatra Lesson, RP, 1831	(V)
Red-footed booby	Sula sula (Linnaeus, 1766)	(V)
Brown booby	Sula leucogaster (Boddaert, 1783)	(V)

Anhingas and darters

Order: Suliformes Family: Anhingidae

Darters are often called "snake-birds" because of their long thin neck, which gives a snake-like appearance when they swim with their bodies submerged. The males have black and dark-brown plumage, an erectile crest on the nape and a larger bill than the female. The females have much paler plumage especially on the neck and underparts. The darters have completely webbed feet and their legs are short and set far back on the body. Their plumage is somewhat permeable, like that of cormorants, and they spread their wings to dry after diving.


Common name	Binomial	Comments
Oriental darter	Anhinga melanogaster Pennant, 1769

Cormorants and shags

Order: Suliformes Family: Phalacrocoracidae

Phalacrocoracidae is a family of medium to large coastal, fish-eating seabirds that includes cormorants and shags. Plumage colouration varies, with the majority having mainly dark plumage, some species being black-and-white and a few being colourful.


Common name	Binomial	Comments
Little cormorant	Microcarbo niger (Vieillot, 1817)
Indian cormorant	Phalacrocorax fuscicollis Stephens, 1826
Great cormorant	Phalacrocorax carbo (Linnaeus, 1758)

Ibises and spoonbills

Order: Pelecaniformes Family: Threskiornithidae

Threskiornithidae is a family of large terrestrial and wading birds which includes the ibises and spoonbills. They have long, broad wings with 11 primary and about 20 secondary feathers. They are strong fliers and despite their size and weight, very capable soarers.


Common name	Binomial	Comments
Black-headed ibis	Threskiornis melanocephalus (Latham, 1790)	Near threatened
Red-naped ibis	Pseudibis papillosa (Temminck, 1824)
Glossy ibis	Plegadis falcinellus (Linnaeus, 1766)
Eurasian spoonbill	Platalea leucorodia Linnaeus, 1758

Herons and bitterns

Order: Pelecaniformes Family: Ardeidae

The family Ardeidae contains the bitterns, herons and egrets. Herons and egrets are medium to large wading birds with long necks and legs. Bitterns tend to be shorter necked and more wary. Members of Ardeidae fly with their necks retracted, unlike other long-necked birds such as storks, ibises and spoonbills.


Common name	Binomial	Comments
Eurasian bittern	Botaurus stellaris (Linnaeus, 1758)
Little bittern	Ixobrychus minutus (Linnaeus, 1766)
Yellow bittern	Ixobrychus sinensis (Gmelin, JF, 1789)
Cinnamon bittern	Ixobrychus cinnamomeus (Gmelin, JF, 1789)
Black bittern	Ixobrychus flavicollis (Latham, 1790)
White-eared night heron	Gorsachius magnificus (Ogilvie-Grant, 1899)	(V)
Malayan night heron	Gorsachius melanolophus (Raffles, 1822)
Black-crowned night heron	Nycticorax nycticorax (Linnaeus, 1758)
Striated heron	Butorides striata (Linnaeus, 1758)
Indian pond heron	Ardeola grayii (Sykes, 1832)
Chinese pond heron	Ardeola bacchus (Bonaparte, 1855)
Javan pond heron	Ardeola speciosa (Horsfield, 1821)	(V)
Eastern cattle egret	Bubulcus coromandus (Boddaert, 1783)
Grey heron	Ardea cinerea Linnaeus, 1758
White-bellied heron	Ardea insignis Hume, 1878	Critically endangered
Goliath heron	Ardea goliath Cretzschmar, 1829	(V)
Purple heron	Ardea purpurea Linnaeus, 1766
Great egret	Ardea alba Linnaeus, 1758
Intermediate egret	Ardea intermedia Wagler, 1829
Little egret	Egretta garzetta (Linnaeus, 1766)
Western reef heron	Egretta gularis (Bosc, 1792)
Pacific reef heron	Egretta sacra (Gmelin, JF, 1789)
Chinese egret	Egretta eulophotes (Swinhoe, 1860)	(V)

Pelicans

Order: Pelecaniformes Family: Pelecanidae

Pelicans are large water birds with a distinctive pouch under their beak. As with other members of the order Pelecaniformes, they have webbed feet with four toes. There are three species which have been recorded in India.


Common name	Binomial	Comments
Great white pelican	Pelecanus onocrotalus Linnaeus, 1758
Spot-billed pelican	Pelecanus philippensis Gmelin, JF, 1789
Dalmatian pelican	Pelecanus crispus Bruch, 1832

Osprey

Order: Accipitriformes Family: Pandionidae

The family Pandionidae contains usually only one species, the osprey. The osprey is a medium-large raptor which is a specialist fish-eater with most taxonomic authorities consider a worldwide distribution.


Common name	Binomial	Comments
Osprey	Pandion haliaetus (Linnaeus, 1758)

Kites, hawks, and eagles

Order: Accipitriformes Family: Accipitridae

Accipitridae is a family of birds of prey, which includes hawks, eagles, kites, harriers and Old World vultures. These birds have powerful hooked beaks for tearing flesh from their prey, strong legs, powerful talons and keen eyesight.


Common name	Binomial	Comments
Black-winged kite	Elanus caeruleus (Desfontaines, 1789)
Bearded vulture	Gypaetus barbatus (Linnaeus, 1758)	Near threatened
Egyptian vulture	Neophron percnopterus (Linnaeus, 1758)	Endangered
European honey buzzard	Pernis apivorus (Linnaeus, 1758)	(V)
Crested honey buzzard	Pernis ptilorhynchus (Temminck, 1821)
Jerdon's baza	Aviceda jerdoni (Blyth, 1842)
Black baza	Aviceda leuphotes (Dumont, 1820)
White-rumped vulture	Gyps bengalensis (Gmelin, JF, 1788)	Critically endangered
Indian vulture	Gyps indicus (Scopoli, 1786)	Critically endangered
Slender-billed vulture	Gyps tenuirostris Gray, GR, 1844	Critically endangered
Himalayan vulture	Gyps himalayensis Hume, 1869	Near threatened
Griffon vulture	Gyps fulvus (Hablizl, 1783)
Red-headed vulture	Sarcogyps calvus (Scopoli, 1786)	Critically endangered
Cinereous vulture	Aegypius monachus (Linnaeus, 1766)	Near threatened
Crested serpent eagle	Spilornis cheela (Latham, 1790)
Great Nicobar serpent eagle	Spilornis klossi Richmond, 1902	(E)
Andaman serpent eagle	Spilornis elgini (Blyth, 1863)	(E)
Short-toed snake eagle	Circaetus gallicus (Gmelin, JF, 1788)
Changeable hawk-eagle	Nisaetus cirrhatus (Gmelin, JF, 1788)	(Spizaetus restricted to the neotropics by Gjershaug et al., 2008)^[28]
Mountain hawk-eagle	Nisaetus nipalensis Hodgson, 1836
Legge's hawk-eagle	Nisaetus kelaarti (Legge, 1878)^[29]
Rufous-bellied eagle	Lophotriorchis kienerii (de Sparre, 1835)
Black eagle	Ictinaetus malaiensis (Temminck, 1822)
Indian spotted eagle	Clanga hastata (Lesson, RP, 1831)	(earlier treated as C. pomarina hastata)
Greater spotted eagle	Clanga clanga (Pallas, 1811)
Booted eagle	Hieraaetus pennatus (Gmelin, JF, 1788)^[30]
Tawny eagle	Aquila rapax (Temminck, 1828)
Steppe eagle	Aquila nipalensis Hodgson, 1833	Endangered
Eastern imperial eagle	Aquila heliaca Savigny, 1809
Golden eagle	Aquila chrysaetos (Linnaeus, 1758)
Bonelli's eagle	Aquila fasciata Vieillot, 1822
Crested goshawk	Accipiter trivirgatus (Temminck, 1824)
Shikra	Accipiter badius (Gmelin, JF, 1788)
Nicobar sparrowhawk	Accipiter butleri (Gurney, JH Jr, 1898)	(E)
Chinese sparrowhawk	Accipiter soloensis (Horsfield, 1821)	(V)
Japanese sparrowhawk	Accipiter gularis (Temminck & Schlegel, 1845)	(V)
Besra	Accipiter virgatus (Temminck, 1822)
Eurasian sparrowhawk	Accipiter nisus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Eurasian goshawk	Accipiter gentilis (Linnaeus, 1758)
Western marsh harrier	Circus aeruginosus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Eastern marsh harrier	Circus spilonotus Kaup, 1847	(V)
Hen harrier	Circus cyaneus (Linnaeus, 1766)
Pallid harrier	Circus macrourus (Gmelin, SG, 1770)	Near threatened
Pied harrier	Circus melanoleucos (Pennant, 1769)
Montagu's harrier	Circus pygargus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Red kite	Milvus milvus (Linnaeus, 1758)	(V)^[31]
Black kite	Milvus migrans (Boddaert, 1783)
Brahminy kite	Haliastur indus (Boddaert, 1783)
White-bellied sea eagle	Haliaeetus leucogaster
Pallas's fish eagle	Haliaeetus leucoryphus (Pallas, 1771)	Endangered
White-tailed eagle	Haliaeetus albicilla (Linnaeus, 1758)
Lesser fish eagle	Haliaeetus humilis
Grey-headed fish eagle	Haliaeetus ichthyaetus
White-eyed buzzard	Butastur teesa (Franklin, 1831)
Rufous-winged buzzard	Butastur liventer (Temminck, 1827)	(V)
Grey-faced buzzard	Butastur indicus (Gmelin, JF, 1788)	(V)
Rough-legged buzzard	Buteo lagopus (Pontoppidan, 1763)	(V)
Upland buzzard	Buteo hemilasius Temminck & Schlegel, 1845
Himalayan buzzard	Buteo refectus Portenko, 1935
Long-legged buzzard	Buteo rufinus (Cretzschmar, 1829)
Common buzzard	Buteo buteo (Linnaeus, 1758)	(race vulpinus)

Barn owls

Order: Strigiformes Family: Tytonidae

Barn owls are medium to large owls with large heads and characteristic heart-shaped faces. They have long strong legs with powerful talons.


Common name	Binomial	Comments
Eastern barn owl	Tyto javanica (Gmelin, JF, 1788)
Andaman masked owl	Tyto deroepstorffi (Hume, 1875)	(E)
Eastern grass owl	Tyto longimembris (Jerdon, 1839)
Oriental bay owl	Phodilus badius (Horsfield, 1821)
Sri Lanka bay owl	Phodilus assimilis Hume, 1877	Western Ghats subspecies ripleyi in India with nominate form in Sri Lanka

Owls

Order: Strigiformes Family: Strigidae

The typical owls are small to large solitary nocturnal birds of prey. They have large forward-facing eyes and ears, a hawk-like beak and a conspicuous circle of feathers around each eye called a facial disk.


Common name	Binomial	Comments
Andaman scops owl	Otus balli (Hume, 1873)	(E); near threatened
Mountain scops owl	Otus spilocephalus (Blyth, 1846)
Indian scops owl	Otus bakkamoena Pennant, 1769
Collared scops owl	Otus lettia (Hodgson, 1836)
Pallid scops owl	Otus brucei (Hume, 1872)	(V)
Eurasian scops owl	Otus scops (Linnaeus, 1758)
Oriental scops owl	Otus sunia (Hodgson, 1836)
Nicobar scops owl	Otus alius Rasmussen, 1998	(E)
Eurasian eagle-owl	Bubo bubo (Linnaeus, 1758)
Indian eagle-owl	Bubo bengalensis (Franklin, 1831)
Spot-bellied eagle-owl	Bubo nipalensis
Dusky eagle-owl	Bubo coromandus
Brown fish owl	Ketupa zeylonensis (Gmelin, JF, 1788)
Tawny fish owl	Ketupa flavipes (Hodgson, 1836)
Buffy fish owl	Ketupa ketupu (Horsfield, 1821)
Mottled wood owl	Strix ocellata (Lesson, RP, 1839)
Brown wood owl	Strix leptogrammica Temminck, 1832
Tawny owl	Strix aluco Linnaeus, 1758
Himalayan owl	Strix nivicolum (Blyth, 1845)
Collared owlet	Taenioptynx brodiei (Burton, E, 1836)
Asian barred owlet	Glaucidium cuculoides (Vigors, 1830)
Jungle owlet	Glaucidium radiatum (Tickell, 1833)
Little owl	Athene noctua (Scopoli, 1769)
Spotted owlet	Athene brama (Temminck, 1821)
Forest owlet	Athene blewitti (Hume, 1873)	(E); endangered
Boreal owl	Aegolius funereus (Linnaeus, 1758)	(V)
Brown boobook	Ninox scutulata (Raffles, 1822)
Hume's boobook	Ninox obscura Hume, 1872	(E)
Andaman boobook	Ninox affinis Beavan, 1867	(E), near threatened
Long-eared owl	Asio otus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Short-eared owl	Asio flammeus (Pontoppidan, 1763)

Trogons

Order: Trogoniformes Family: Trogonidae

The family Trogonidae includes trogons and quetzals. Found in tropical woodlands worldwide, they feed on insects and fruit, and their broad bills and weak legs reflect their diet and arboreal habits. Although their flight is fast, they are reluctant to fly any distance. Trogons have soft, often colourful, feathers with distinctive male and female plumage. There are three species which have been recorded in India.


Common name	Binomial	Comments
Malabar trogon	Harpactes fasciatus (Pennant, 1769)
Red-headed trogon	Harpactes erythrocephalus (Gould, 1834)
Ward's trogon	Harpactes wardi (Kinnear, 1927)	Near threatened

Hoopoes

Order: Bucerotiformes Family: Upupidae

Hoopoes have black, white and orangey-pink colouring with a large erectile crest on their head. There is one species which occurs in India.


Common name	Binomial	Comments
Eurasian hoopoe	Upupa epops Linnaeus, 1758

Hornbills

Order: Bucerotiformes Family: Bucerotidae

Hornbills are a group of birds whose bill is shaped like a cow's horn, but without a twist, sometimes with a casque on the upper mandible. Frequently, the bill is brightly coloured.


Common name	Binomial	Comments
Great hornbill	Buceros bicornis Linnaeus, 1758	Near threatened
Oriental pied hornbill	Anthracoceros albirostris (Shaw, 1808)
Malabar pied hornbill	Anthracoceros coronatus (Boddaert, 1783)	Near threatened
Malabar grey hornbill	Ocyceros griseus (Latham, 1790)	(E)
Indian grey hornbill	Ocyceros birostris (Scopoli, 1786)
Austen's brown hornbill	Anorrhinus austeni Jerdon, 1872	Near threatened
Rufous-necked hornbill	Aceros nipalensis (Hodgson, 1829)	Vulnerable
Narcondam hornbill	Rhyticeros narcondami Hume, 1873	(E); endangered
Wreathed hornbill	Rhyticeros undulatus (Shaw, 1812)

Rollers

Order: Coraciiformes Family: Coraciidae

Rollers resemble crows in size and build, but are more closely related to the kingfishers and bee-eaters. They share the colourful appearance of those groups with blues and browns predominating. The two inner front toes are connected at the base, but the outer toe is not. There are three or four species (depending on taxonomy followed) which have been recorded in India.


Common name	Binomial	Comments
Indian roller	Coracias benghalensis (Linnaeus, 1758)
Indochinese roller	Coracias affinis Horsfield, 1840	Said to intergrade with above but distinctive in plumage in core range^[32]
European roller	Coracias garrulus Linnaeus, 1758
Oriental dollarbird	Eurystomus orientalis (Linnaeus, 1766)

Kingfishers

Order: Coraciiformes Family: Alcedinidae

Kingfishers are medium-sized birds with large heads, long, pointed bills, short legs and stubby tails. There are 13 species which have been recorded in India.


Common name	Binomial	Comments
Stork-billed kingfisher	Pelargopsis capensis (Linnaeus, 1766)
Brown-winged kingfisher	Pelargopsis amauroptera (Pearson, JT, 1841)	Near threatened
Ruddy kingfisher	Halcyon coromanda (Latham, 1790)
White-throated kingfisher	Halcyon smyrnensis (Linnaeus, 1758)
Black-capped kingfisher	Halcyon pileata (Boddaert, 1783)
Collared kingfisher	Todiramphus chloris (Boddaert, 1783)
Blue-eared kingfisher	Alcedo meninting Horsfield, 1821
Common kingfisher	Alcedo atthis (Linnaeus, 1758)
Blyth's kingfisher	Alcedo hercules Laubmann, 1917	Near threatened
Oriental dwarf kingfisher	Ceyx erithaca (Linnaeus, 1758)
Crested kingfisher	Megaceryle lugubris (Temminck, 1834)
Pied kingfisher	Ceryle rudis (Linnaeus, 1758)

Bee-eaters

Order: Coraciiformes Family: Meropidae

The bee-eaters are a group of near passerine birds in the family Meropidae. Most species are found in Africa but others occur in southern Europe, Madagascar, Australia and New Guinea. They are characterised by richly coloured plumage, slender bodies and usually elongated central tail feathers. All are colourful and have long downturned bills and pointed wings, which give them a swallow-like appearance when seen from afar. There are 7 species which have been recorded in India.


Common name	Binomial	Comments
Blue-bearded bee-eater	Nyctyornis athertoni (Jardine & Selby, 1828)
Asian green bee-eater	Merops orientalis Latham, 1801
Blue-cheeked bee-eater	Merops persicus Pallas, 1773
Blue-tailed bee-eater	Merops philippinus Linnaeus, 1767
Blue-throated bee-eater	Merops viridis Linnaeus, 1758	(V)
Chestnut-headed bee-eater	Merops leschenaulti Vieillot, 1817
European bee-eater	Merops apiaster Linnaeus, 1758

Asian barbets

Order: Piciformes Family: Megalaimidae

The Asian barbets are plump birds, with short necks and large heads. They get their name from the bristles which fringe their heavy bills. Most species are brightly coloured.


Common name	Binomial	Comments
Great barbet	Psilopogon virens (Boddaert, 1783)
Brown-headed barbet	Psilopogon zeylanicus (Gmelin, JF, 1788)
Lineated barbet	Psilopogon lineatus (Vieillot, 1816)
White-cheeked barbet	Psilopogon viridis (Boddaert, 1783)	(E)
Golden-throated barbet	Psilopogon franklinii (Blyth, 1842)
Blue-throated barbet	Psilopogon asiaticus (Latham, 1790)
Blue-eared barbet	Psilopogon duvaucelii (Lesson, RP, 1830)
Malabar barbet	Psilopogon malabaricus (Blyth, 1847)	(E)
Coppersmith barbet	Psilopogon haemacephalus (Müller, PLS, 1776)

Honeyguides

Order: Piciformes Family: Indicatoridae

Honeyguides are among the few birds that feed on wax. They are named for the greater honeyguide which leads traditional honey-hunters to bees' nests and, after the hunters have harvested the honey, feeds on the remaining contents of the hive. There is one species which occurs in India.


Common name	Binomial	Comments
Yellow-rumped honeyguide	Indicator xanthonotus Blyth, 1842	Near threatened

Woodpeckers

Order: Piciformes Family: Picidae

Woodpeckers are small to medium-sized birds with chisel-like beaks, short legs, stiff tails and long tongues used for capturing insects. Some species have feet with two toes pointing forward and two backward, while several species have only three toes. Many woodpeckers have the habit of tapping noisily on tree trunks with their beaks.


Common name	Binomial	Comments
Eurasian wryneck	Jynx torquilla Linnaeus, 1758
Speckled piculet	Picumnus innominatus Burton, E, 1836
White-browed piculet	Sasia ochracea Hodgson, 1837
Heart-spotted woodpecker	Hemicircus canente (Lesson, RP, 1832)
Brown-capped pygmy woodpecker	Yungipicus nanus (Vigors, 1832)
Grey-capped pygmy woodpecker	Yungipicus canicapillus (Blyth, 1845)
Brown-fronted woodpecker	Dendrocoptes auriceps (Vigors, 1831)
Yellow-crowned woodpecker	Leiopicus mahrattensis (Latham, 1801)
Crimson-naped woodpecker	Dryobates cathpharius (Blyth, 1843)
Necklaced woodpecker	Dryobates pernyii (Verreaux, J, 1867)
Rufous-bellied woodpecker	Dendrocopos hyperythrus (Vigors, 1831)
Fulvous-breasted woodpecker	Dendrocopos macei (Vieillot, 1818)
Freckle-breasted woodpecker	Dendrocopos analis (Bonaparte, 1850)
Stripe-breasted woodpecker	Dendrocopos atratus (Blyth, 1849)
Darjeeling woodpecker	Dendrocopos darjellensis (Blyth, 1845)
Himalayan woodpecker	Dendrocopos himalayensis (Jardine & Selby, 1831)
Sind woodpecker	Dendrocopos assimilis (Blyth, 1849)
Great spotted woodpecker	Dendrocopos major (Linnaeus, 1758)
White-bellied woodpecker	Dryocopus javensis (Horsfield, 1821)
Andaman woodpecker	Dryocopus hodgei (Blyth, 1860)	(E); near threatened
Greater yellownape	Chrysophlegma flavinucha (Gould, 1834)
Lesser yellownape	Picus chlorolophus Vieillot, 1818
Streak-throated woodpecker	Picus xanthopygaeus (Gray, JE & Gray, GR, 1847)
Scaly-bellied woodpecker	Picus squamatus Vigors, 1831
Grey-headed woodpecker	Picus canus Gmelin, JF, 1788
Himalayan flameback	Dinopium shorii (Vigors, 1831)
Common flameback	Dinopium javanense (Ljungh, 1797)
Black-rumped flameback	Dinopium benghalense (Linnaeus, 1758)
Greater flameback	Chrysocolaptes guttacristatus (Tickell, 1833)
Malabar flameback	Chrysocolaptes socialis Koelz, 1939
White-naped woodpecker	Chrysocolaptes festivus (Boddaert, 1783)
Pale-headed woodpecker	Gecinulus grantia (Horsfield, 1840)
Bay woodpecker	Blythipicus pyrrhotis (Hodgson, 1837)
Rufous woodpecker	Micropternus brachyurus (Vieillot, 1818)
Great slaty woodpecker	Mulleripicus pulverulentus (Temminck, 1826)	Vulnerable

Common woodpecker

Caracaras and falcons

Order: Falconiformes Family: Falconidae

Falconidae is a family of diurnal birds of prey. They differ from hawks, eagles and kites in that they kill with their beaks instead of their talons. There are thirteen species which have been recorded in India.


Common name	Binomial	Comments
Collared falconet	Microhierax caerulescens (Linnaeus, 1758)
Pied falconet	Microhierax melanoleucos (Blyth, 1843)
Lesser kestrel	Falco naumanni Fleischer, JG, 1818
Common kestrel	Falco tinnunculus Linnaeus, 1758
Red-necked falcon	Falco chicquera Daudin, 1800	Near threatened
Red-footed falcon	Falco vespertinus Linnaeus, 1766	(V)
Amur falcon	Falco amurensis Radde, 1863
Merlin	Falco columbarius Linnaeus, 1758
Eurasian hobby	Falco subbuteo Linnaeus, 1758
Oriental hobby	Falco severus Horsfield, 1821
Laggar falcon	Falco jugger Gray, JE, 1834	Near threatened
Saker falcon	Falco cherrug Gray, JE, 1834	Endangered
Peregrine falcon	Falco peregrinus Tunstall, 1771

Old World parrots

Order: Psittaciformes Family: Psittaculidae

Characteristic features of parrots include a strong curved bill, an upright stance, strong legs, and clawed zygodactyl feet. Many parrots are vividly coloured, and some are multi-coloured. In size they range from 8 cm (3.1 in) to 1 m (3.3 ft) in length. Old World parrots are found from Africa east across south and southeast Asia and Oceania to Australia and New Zealand.


Common name	Binomial	Comments
Grey-headed parakeet	Psittacula finschii (Hume, 1874)	Near threatened
Slaty-headed parakeet	Psittacula himalayana (Lesson, RP, 1831)
Blossom-headed parakeet	Psittacula roseata Biswas, 1951	Near threatened
Plum-headed parakeet	Psittacula cyanocephala (Linnaeus, 1766)
Red-breasted parakeet	Psittacula alexandri (Linnaeus, 1758)	Near threatened
Lord Derby's parakeet	Psittacula derbiana (Fraser, 1852)	^[33] near threatened
Long-tailed parakeet	Psittacula longicauda (Boddaert, 1783)	Near threatened
Blue-winged parakeet	Psittacula columboides (Vigors, 1830)	(E)
Alexandrine parakeet	Psittacula eupatria (Linnaeus, 1766)	Near threatened
Rose-ringed parakeet	Psittacula krameri (Scopoli, 1769)
Nicobar parakeet	Psittacula caniceps (Blyth, 1846)	(E); near threatened
Vernal hanging parrot	Loriculus vernalis (Sparrman, 1787)

Typical broadbills

Order: Passeriformes Family: Eurylaimidae

The broadbills are small, brightly coloured birds, which feed on fruit and also take insects in flycatcher fashion, snapping their broad bills. Their habitat is canopies of wet forests. There are two species which have been recorded in India.


Common name	Binomial	Comments
Long-tailed broadbill	Psarisomus dalhousiae (Jameson, 1835)
Grey-lored broadbill	Serilophus rubropygius (Hodgson, 1839)

Pittas

Order: Passeriformes Family: Pittidae

Pittas are medium-sized by passerine standards and are stocky, with fairly long, strong legs, short tails and stout bills. Many are brightly coloured. They spend the majority of their time on wet forest floors, eating snails, insects and similar invertebrates.


Common name	Binomial	Comments
Blue-naped pitta	Hydrornis nipalensis (Hodgson, 1837)
Blue pitta	Hydrornis cyanea
Indian pitta	Pitta brachyura (Linnaeus, 1766)
Blue-winged pitta	Pitta moluccensis (Müller, PLS, 1776)	^[34]
Mangrove pitta	Pitta megarhyncha Schlegel, 1863	^[35]^[36] Near threatened
Hooded pitta	Pitta sordida (Müller, PLS, 1776)

Vangas, helmetshrikes, woodshrikes, and shrike-flycatchers

Order: Passeriformes Family: Vangidae

The woodshrikes are similar in build to the shrikes.


Common name	Binomial	Comments
Bar-winged flycatcher-shrike	Hemipus picatus (Sykes, 1832)
Large woodshrike	Tephrodornis virgatus (Temminck, 1824)
Malabar woodshrike	Tephrodornis sylvicola Jerdon, 1839	(E)
Common woodshrike	Tephrodornis pondicerianus (Gmelin, JF, 1789)

Woodswallows, butcherbirds, and peltops

Order: Passeriformes Family: Artamidae

The woodswallows are soft-plumaged, somber-coloured passerine birds. They are smooth, agile flyers with moderately large, semi-triangular wings. There are two species which have been recorded in India.


Common name	Binomial	Comments
Ashy woodswallow	Artamus fuscus Vieillot, 1817
White-breasted woodswallow	Artamus leucorynchus (Linnaeus, 1771)

Ioras

Order: Passeriformes Family: Aegithinidae

The ioras are bulbul-like birds of open forest or thorn scrub, but whereas that group tends to be drab in colouration, ioras are sexually dimorphic, with the males being brightly plumaged in yellows and greens. There are two species which have been recorded in India.


Common name	Binomial	Comments
Common iora	Aegithina tiphia (Linnaeus, 1758)
Marshall's iora	Aegithina nigrolutea (Marshall, GFL, 1876)

Cuckooshrikes

Order: Passeriformes Family: Campephagidae

The cuckooshrikes are small to medium-sized passerine birds. They are predominantly greyish with white and black, although some species are brightly coloured. There are 15 species which have been recorded in India.


Common name	Binomial	Comments
White-bellied minivet	Pericrocotus erythropygius (Jerdon, 1840)
Small minivet	Pericrocotus cinnamomeus (Linnaeus, 1766)
Grey-chinned minivet	Pericrocotus solaris Blyth, 1846
Short-billed minivet	Pericrocotus brevirostris (Vigors, 1831)
Long-tailed minivet	Pericrocotus ethologus Bangs & Phillips, JC, 1914
Orange minivet	Pericrocotus flammeus (Forster, JR, 1781)
Scarlet minivet	Pericrocotus speciosus (Latham, 1790)
Ashy minivet	Pericrocotus divaricatus (Raffles, 1822)
Swinhoe's minivet	Pericrocotus cantonensis Swinhoe, 1861	(V)
Rosy minivet	Pericrocotus roseus (Vieillot, 1818)
Large cuckooshrike	Coracina macei (Lesson, RP, 1831)
Bar-bellied cuckooshrike	Coracina striata (Boddaert, 1783)	(V)
Andaman cuckooshrike	Coracina dobsoni (Ball, 1872)	(E); near threatened
Pied triller	Lalage nigra (Pennant, 1781)
Black-winged cuckooshrike	Lalage melaschistos (Hodgson, 1836)
Black-headed cuckooshrike	Lalage melanoptera (Rüppell, 1839)

Whistlers and allies

Order: Passeriformes Family: Pachycephalidae

The family Pachycephalidae includes the whistlers, shrikethrushes, and some of the pitohuis. There is one species which occurs in India.


Common name	Binomial	Comments
Mangrove whistler	Pachycephala cinerea (Blyth, 1847)

Shrikes

Order: Passeriformes Family: Laniidae

Shrikes are passerine birds known for their habit of catching other birds and small animals and impaling the uneaten portions of their bodies on thorns. A typical shrike's beak is hooked, like a bird of prey.


Common name	Binomial	Comments
Brown shrike	Lanius cristatus Linnaeus, 1758
Red-backed shrike	Lanius collurio Linnaeus, 1758
Isabelline shrike	Lanius isabellinus Hemprich & Ehrenberg, 1833
Red-tailed shrike	Lanius phoenicuroides (Schalow, 1875)
Burmese shrike	Lanius collurioides Lesson, RP, 1831
Bay-backed shrike	Lanius vittatus Valenciennes, 1826
Long-tailed shrike	Lanius schach Linnaeus, 1758
Grey-backed shrike	Lanius tephronotus (Vigors, 1831)
Lesser grey shrike	Lanius minor Gmelin, JF, 1788	(V)^[11]
Great grey shrike	Lanius excubitor Linnaeus, 1758
Woodchat shrike	Lanius senator Linnaeus, 1758	^[37]
Masked shrike	Lanius nubicus Lichtenstein, MHC, 1823	(V)

Vireos, greenlets, and shrike-babblers

Order: Passeriformes Family: Vireonidae

Most of the members of this family are found in the New World. However, the shrike-babblers and erpornis, which only slightly resemble the "true" vireos and greenlets, are found in South East Asia.


Common name	Binomial	Comments
White-bellied erpornis	Erpornis zantholeuca Blyth, 1844
Black-headed shrike-babbler	Pteruthius rufiventer Blyth, 1842
Himalayan shrike-babbler	Pteruthius ripleyi
Blyth's shrike-babbler	Pteruthius aeralatus Blyth, 1855
Green shrike-babbler	Pteruthius xanthochlorus Gray, JE & Gray, GR, 1847
Black-eared shrike-babbler	Pteruthius melanotis Hodgson, 1847
Clicking shrike-babbler	Pteruthius intermedius (Hume, 1877)

Figbirds, orioles, and turnagra

Order: Passeriformes Family: Oriolidae

The Old World orioles are colourful passerine birds. They are not related to the New World orioles. There are six species which have been recorded in India.


Common name	Binomial	Comments
Maroon oriole	Oriolus traillii (Vigors, 1832)
Black-hooded oriole	Oriolus xanthornus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Indian golden oriole	Oriolus kundoo Sykes, 1832	^[38]
Eurasian golden oriole	Oriolus oriolus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Black-naped oriole	Oriolus chinensis Linnaeus, 1766
Slender-billed oriole	Oriolus tenuirostris Blyth, 1846

Drongos

Order: Passeriformes Family: Dicruridae

The drongos are mostly black or dark grey in colour, sometimes with metallic tints. They have long forked tails, and some Asian species have elaborate tail decorations. They have short legs and sit very upright when perched, like a shrike. They flycatch or take prey from the ground. There are ten species which have been recorded in India.


Common name	Binomial	Comments
Bronzed drongo	Dicrurus aeneus Vieillot, 1817
Lesser racket-tailed drongo	Dicrurus remifer (Temminck, 1823)
Crow-billed drongo	Dicrurus annectens (Hodgson, 1836)
Greater racket-tailed drongo	Dicrurus paradiseus (Linnaeus, 1766)
Andaman drongo	Dicrurus andamanensis Beavan, 1867	Near threatened
Hair-crested drongo	Dicrurus hottentottus (Linnaeus, 1766)
Ashy drongo	Dicrurus leucophaeus Vieillot, 1817
White-bellied drongo	Dicrurus caerulescens (Linnaeus, 1758)
Black drongo	Dicrurus macrocercus Vieillot, 1817

Fantails and silktails

Order: Passeriformes Family: Rhipiduridae

The fantails are small insectivorous birds which are specialist aerial feeders. There are three species which occur in India.


Common name	Binomial	Comments
White-throated fantail	Rhipidura albicollis (Vieillot, 1818)
White-spotted fantail	Rhipidura albogularis (Lesson, RP, 1831)
White-browed fantail	Rhipidura aureola Lesson, RP, 1831

Monarchs

Order: Passeriformes Family: Monarchidae

The monarch flycatchers are small to medium-sized insectivorous passerines which hunt by flycatching. There are four species which have been recorded in India.


Common name	Binomial	Comments
Black-naped monarch	Hypothymis azurea (Boddaert, 1783)
Indian paradise flycatcher	Terpsiphone paradisi (Linnaeus, 1758)
Blyth's paradise flycatcher	Terpsiphone affinis (Blyth, 1846)
Amur paradise flycatcher	Terpsiphone incei (Gould, 1852)	(V)

Crows and jays

Order: Passeriformes Family: Corvidae

The family Corvidae includes crows, ravens, jays, choughs, magpies, treepies, nutcrackers and ground jays. Corvids are above average in size among the Passeriformes, and some of the larger species show high levels of intelligence.


Common name	Binomial	Comments
Eurasian jay	Garrulus glandarius (Linnaeus, 1758)
Black-headed jay	Garrulus lanceolatus Vigors, 1830
Yellow-billed blue magpie	Urocissa flavirostris (Blyth, 1846)
Red-billed blue magpie	Urocissa erythroryncha (Boddaert, 1783)
Common green magpie	Cissa chinensis (Boddaert, 1783)
Rufous treepie	Dendrocitta vagabunda (Latham, 1790)
Grey treepie	Dendrocitta formosae Swinhoe, 1863
White-bellied treepie	Dendrocitta leucogastra Gould, 1833	(E)
Collared treepie	Dendrocitta frontalis Horsfield, 1840
Andaman treepie	Dendrocitta bayleii Tytler, 1863	(E); near threatened
Eurasian magpie	Pica pica (Linnaeus, 1758)
Black-rumped magpie	Pica bottanensis Delessert, 1840	(V)
Eurasian nutcracker	Nucifraga caryocatactes (Linnaeus, 1758)
Kashmir nutcracker	Nucifraga multipunctata Gould, 1849
Red-billed chough	Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax (Linnaeus, 1758)
Alpine chough	Pyrrhocorax graculus (Linnaeus, 1766)
Western jackdaw	Coloeus monedula (Linnaeus, 1758)
House crow	Corvus splendens Vieillot, 1817
Rook	Corvus frugilegus Linnaeus, 1758
Carrion crow	Corvus corone Linnaeus, 1758
Hooded crow	Corvus cornix Linnaeus, 1758
Large-billed crow	Corvus macrorhynchos Wagler, 1827
Eastern jungle crow	Corvus levaillantii Lesson, RP, 1831
Indian jungle crow	Corvus culminatus Sykes, 1832
Pied crow	Corvus albus Müller, PLS, 1776	(V)
Northern raven	Corvus corax Linnaeus, 1758

Waxwings

Order: Passeriformes Family: Bombycillidae

The waxwings are a group of birds with soft silky plumage and unique red tips to some of the wing feathers. In the Bohemian and cedar waxwings, these tips look like sealing wax and give the group its name. These are arboreal birds of northern forests. They live on insects in summer and berries in winter. There is one species which occurs in India.


Common name	Binomial	Comments
Bohemian waxwing	Bombycilla garrulus (Linnaeus, 1758)

Hypocolius

Order: Passeriformes Family: Hypocoliidae

The grey hypocolius is a small Middle Eastern bird with the shape and soft plumage of a waxwing. They are mainly a uniform grey colour except the males have a black triangular mask around their eyes.


Common name	Binomial	Comments
Grey hypocolius	Hypocolius ampelinus Bonaparte, 1850

Fairy flycatchers

Order: Passeriformes Family: Stenostiridae

Most of the species of this small family are found in Africa, though a few inhabit tropical Asia. They are not closely related to other birds called "flycatchers".


Common name	Binomial	Comments
Yellow-bellied fantail	Chelidorhynx hypoxanthus (Blyth, 1843)
Grey-headed canary-flycatcher	Culicicapa ceylonensis (Swainson, 1820)

Tits and chickadees

Order: Passeriformes Family: Paridae

The Paridae are mainly small stocky woodland species with short stout bills. Some have crests. They are adaptable birds, with a mixed diet including seeds and insects.


Common name	Binomial	Comments
Fire-capped tit	Cephalopyrus flammiceps (Burton, E, 1836)
Yellow-browed tit	Sylviparus modestus Burton, E, 1836
Sultan tit	Melanochlora sultanea (Hodgson, 1837)
Rufous-naped tit	Periparus rufonuchalis (Blyth, 1849)
Rufous-vented tit	Periparus rubidiventris (Blyth, 1847)
Coal tit	Periparus ater (Linnaeus, 1758)
Grey-crested tit	Lophophanes dichrous (Blyth, 1845)
Azure tit	Cyanistes cyanus (Pallas, 1770)
Ground tit	Pseudopodoces humilis (Hume, 1871)
Cinereous tit	Parus cinereus Vieillot, 1818	^[39]
Green-backed tit	Parus monticolus Vigors, 1831
White-naped tit	Machlolophus nuchalis (Jerdon, 1845)	(E); vulnerable
Himalayan black-lored tit	Machlolophus xanthogenys (Vigors, 1831)
Indian black-lored tit	Machlolophus aplonotus (Blyth, 1847)	(E)^[40]
Yellow-cheeked tit	Machlolophus spilonotus (Bonaparte, 1850)

Penduline tits

Order: Passeriformes Family: Remizidae

The penduline tits are a group of small passerine birds related to the true tits. They are insectivores. There is one species which has been recorded in India.


Common name	Binomial	Comments
White-crowned penduline tit	Remiz coronatus (Severtsov, 1873)

Larks

Order: Passeriformes Family: Alaudidae

Larks are small terrestrial birds with often extravagant songs and display flights. Most larks are fairly dull in appearance. Their food is insects and seeds.


Common name	Binomial	Comments
Greater hoopoe-lark	Alaemon alaudipes (Desfontaines, 1789)
Desert lark	Ammomanes deserti (Lichtenstein, MHC, 1823)
Rufous-tailed lark	Ammomanes phoenicura (Franklin, 1831)
Black-crowned sparrow-lark	Eremopterix nigriceps (Gould, 1839)
Ashy-crowned sparrow-lark	Eremopterix griseus (Scopoli, 1786)
Singing bush lark	Mirafra cantillans
Bengal bush lark	Mirafra assamica Horsfield, 1840
Indian bush lark	Mirafra erythroptera Blyth, 1845
Jerdon's bush lark	Mirafra affinis Blyth, 1845
Oriental skylark	Alauda gulgula Franklin, 1831
Eurasian skylark	Alauda arvensis Linnaeus, 1758
Sykes's lark	Galerida deva (Sykes, 1832)	(E)
Crested lark	Galerida cristata (Linnaeus, 1758)
Malabar lark	Galerida malabarica (Scopoli, 1786)	(E)
Horned lark	Eremophila alpestris (Linnaeus, 1758)
Hume's short-toed lark	Calandrella acutirostris Hume, 1873
Mongolian short-toed lark	Calandrella dukhunensis (Sykes, 1832)
Greater short-toed lark	Calandrella brachydactyla (Leisler, 1814)
Bimaculated lark	Melanocorypha bimaculata (Ménétriés, 1832)
Tibetan lark	Melanocorypha maxima Blyth, 1867
Turkestan short-toed lark	Alaudala heinei (Homeyer, 1873)
Sand lark	Alaudala raytal (Blyth, 1845)

Bulbuls

Order: Passeriformes Family: Pycnonotidae

Bulbuls are medium-sized songbirds. Some are colourful with yellow, red or orange vents, cheeks, throats or supercilia, but most are drab, with uniform olive-brown to black plumage. Some species have distinct crests.


Common name	Binomial	Comments
White-throated bulbul	Alophoixus flaveolus (Gould, 1836)
Striated bulbul	Alcurus striatus (Blyth, 1842)
Cachar bulbul	Iole cacharensis (Deignan, 1948)	(E)
Grey-eyed bulbul	Iole propinqua (Oustalet, 1903)	(V)
Ashy bulbul	Hemixos flavala Blyth, 1845
Yellow-browed bulbul	Acritillas indica (Jerdon, 1839)
Mountain bulbul	Ixos mcclellandii (Horsfield, 1840)
Nicobar bulbul	Ixos nicobariensis (Moore, F, 1854)	near threatened
Black bulbul	Hypsipetes leucocephalus (Gmelin, JF, 1789)
Square-tailed bulbul	Hypsipetes ganeesa Sykes, 1832
Grey-headed bulbul	Brachypodius priocephalus (Jerdon, 1839)	(E); near threatened
Black-headed bulbul	Brachypodius melanocephalos (Gmelin, JF, 1788)
Andaman bulbul	Brachypodius fuscoflavescens Hume, 1873	(E); near threatened
Black-crested bulbul	Rubigula flaviventris (Tickell, 1833)
Flame-throated bulbul	Rubigula gularis (Gould, 1836)	(E)
Crested finchbill	Spizixos canifrons Blyth, 1845
White-browed bulbul	Pycnonotus luteolus (Lesson, RP, 1841)
Flavescent bulbul	Pycnonotus flavescens Blyth, 1845
Yellow-throated bulbul	Pycnonotus xantholaemus (Jerdon, 1845)	(E); vulnerable
Red-whiskered bulbul	Pycnonotus jocosus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Red-vented bulbul	Pycnonotus cafer (Linnaeus, 1766)
White-eared bulbul	Pycnonotus leucotis (Gould, 1836)
Himalayan bulbul	Pycnonotus leucogenys (Gray, JE, 1835)

Swallows and martins

Order: Passeriformes Family: Hirundinidae

The family Hirundinidae is adapted to aerial feeding. They have a slender streamlined body, long pointed wings and a short bill with a wide gape. The feet are adapted to perching rather than walking, and the front toes are partially joined at the base.


Common name	Binomial	Comments
Grey-throated martin	Riparia chinensis (Gray, JE, 1830)
Sand martin	Riparia riparia (Linnaeus, 1758)
Pale martin	Riparia diluta (Sharpe & Wyatt, 1893)
Barn swallow	Hirundo rustica Linnaeus, 1758
Pacific swallow	Hirundo tahitica Gmelin, JF, 1789
Hill swallow	Hirundo domicola Jerdon, 1841
Wire-tailed swallow	Hirundo smithii Leach, 1818
Eurasian crag martin	Ptyonoprogne rupestris (Scopoli, 1769)
Dusky crag martin	Ptyonoprogne concolor (Sykes, 1832)
Common house martin	Delichon urbicum (Linnaeus, 1758)
Asian house martin	Delichon dasypus (Bonaparte, 1850)
Nepal house martin	Delichon nipalense Moore, F, 1854
Red-rumped swallow	Cecropis daurica (Laxmann, 1769)
Striated swallow	Cecropis striolata (Schlegel, 1844)
Streak-throated swallow	Petrochelidon fluvicola (Blyth, 1855)

Cupwings

Order: Passeriformes Family: Pnoepygidae

The members of this small family are found in mountainous parts of South and South East Asia.


Common name	Binomial	Comments
Scaly-breasted cupwing	Pnoepyga albiventer (Hodgson, 1837)
Nepal cupwing	Pnoepyga immaculata Martens, J & Eck, 1991
Pygmy cupwing	Pnoepyga pusilla Hodgson, 1845

Cettia bush warblers and allies

Order: Passeriformes Family: Cettiidae

Cettiidae is a family of small insectivorous songbirds. It contains the typical bush warblers (Cettia) and their relatives. Its members occur mainly in Asia and Africa, ranging into Oceania and Europe.


Common name	Binomial	Comments
Yellow-bellied warbler	Abroscopus superciliaris (Blyth, 1859)
Rufous-faced warbler	Abroscopus albogularis (Moore, F, 1854)
Black-faced warbler	Abroscopus schisticeps (Gray, JE & Gray, GR, 1847)
Mountain tailorbird	Phyllergates cucullatus (Temminck, 1836)
Broad-billed warbler	Tickellia hodgsoni (Moore, F, 1854)
Manchurian bush warbler	Horornis canturians (Swinhoe, 1860)
Brown-flanked bush warbler	Horornis fortipes Hodgson, 1845
Hume's bush warbler	Horornis brunnescens (Hume, 1872)
Aberrant bush warbler	Horornis flavolivaceus (Blyth, 1845)
Grey-bellied tesia	Tesia cyaniventer Hodgson, 1837
Slaty-bellied tesia	Tesia olivea (McClelland, 1840)
Cetti's warbler	Cettia cetti (Temminck, 1820)
Chestnut-crowned bush warbler	Cettia major (Moore, F, 1854)
Grey-sided bush warbler	Cettia brunnifrons (Hodgson, 1845)
Chestnut-headed tesia	Cettia castaneocoronata (Burton, E, 1836)
Asian stubtail	Urosphena squameiceps (Swinhoe, 1863)	(V)^[41]
Pale-footed bush warbler	Hemitesia pallidipes (Blanford, 1872)

Bushtits

Order: Passeriformes Family: Aegithalidae

Long-tailed tits are a group of small passerine birds with medium to long tails. They make woven bag nests in trees. Most eat a mixed diet which includes insects.


Common name	Binomial	Comments
White-cheeked bushtit	Aegithalos leucogenys (Moore, F, 1854)
Black-throated bushtit	Aegithalos concinnus (Gould, 1855)
White-throated bushtit	Aegithalos niveogularis (Gould, 1855)
Rufous-fronted bushtit	Aegithalos iouschistos (Blyth, 1845)
Black-browed bushtit	Aegithalos bonvaloti (Oustalet, 1892)	^[42]
White-browed tit-warbler	Leptopoecile sophiae Severtsov, 1873
Crested tit-warbler	Leptopoecile elegans Przevalski, 1887	(V)^[43]

Leaf warblers and allies

Order: Passeriformes Family: Phylloscopidae

Leaf warblers are a family of small insectivorous birds found mostly in Eurasia and ranging into Wallacea and Africa. The species are of various sizes, often green-plumaged above and yellow below, or more subdued with grayish-green to grayish-brown colors.


Common name	Binomial	Comments
Wood warbler	Phylloscopus sibilatrix (Bechstein, 1793)	(V)
Buff-barred warbler	Phylloscopus pulcher Blyth, 1845
Ashy-throated warbler	Phylloscopus maculipennis (Blyth, 1867)
Hume's leaf warbler	Phylloscopus humei (Brooks, WE, 1878)
Yellow-browed warbler	Phylloscopus inornatus (Blyth, 1842)
Brooks's leaf warbler	Phylloscopus subviridis (Brooks, WE, 1872)
Chinese leaf warbler	Phylloscopus yunnanensis La Touche, 1922	(V)
Lemon-rumped warbler	Phylloscopus chloronotus (Gray, JE & Gray, GR, 1847)
Sichuan leaf warbler	Phylloscopus forresti Rothschild, 1921	(V)
Pallas's leaf warbler	Phylloscopus proregulus (Pallas, 1811)	(V)
Tytler's leaf warbler	Phylloscopus tytleri Brooks, WE, 1871	Near threatened
Sulphur-bellied warbler	Phylloscopus griseolus Blyth, 1847
Tickell's leaf warbler	Phylloscopus affinis (Tickell, 1833)
Smoky warbler	Phylloscopus fuligiventer (Hodgson, 1845)
Dusky warbler	Phylloscopus fuscatus (Blyth, 1842)
Plain leaf warbler	Phylloscopus neglectus Hume, 1870
Buff-throated warbler	Phylloscopus subaffinis Ogilvie-Grant, 1900	(V)
Willow warbler	Phylloscopus trochilus (Linnaeus, 1758)	(V)
Mountain chiffchaff	Phylloscopus sindianus Brooks, WE, 1880
Common chiffchaff	Phylloscopus collybita (Vieillot, 1817)
White-spectacled warbler	Phylloscopus intermedius (La Touche, 1898)
Grey-cheeked warbler	Phylloscopus poliogenys (Blyth, 1847)
Green-crowned warbler	Phylloscopus burkii (Burton, E, 1836)
Grey-crowned warbler	Phylloscopus tephrocephalus (Anderson, 1871)
Whistler's warbler	Phylloscopus whistleri (Ticehurst, 1925)
Bianchi's warbler	Phylloscopus valentini (Hartert, EJO, 1907)	(V)
Green warbler	Phylloscopus nitidus Blyth, 1843
Two-barred warbler	Phylloscopus plumbeitarsus Swinhoe, 1861	(V)
Greenish warbler	Phylloscopus trochiloides (Sundevall, 1837)
Large-billed leaf warbler	Phylloscopus magnirostris Blyth, 1843
Pale-legged leaf warbler	Phylloscopus tenellipes Swinhoe, 1860	(V)
Sakhalin leaf warbler	Phylloscopus borealoides Portenko, 1950	(V)
Arctic warbler	Phylloscopus borealis (Blasius, JH, 1858)	(V)
Chestnut-crowned warbler	Phylloscopus castaniceps (Hodgson, 1845)
Yellow-vented warbler	Phylloscopus cantator (Tickell, 1833)
Western crowned warbler	Phylloscopus occipitalis (Blyth, 1845)
Blyth's leaf warbler	Phylloscopus reguloides (Blyth, 1842)
Claudia's leaf warbler	Phylloscopus claudiae (La Touche, 1922)
Grey-hooded warbler	Phylloscopus xanthoschistos (Gray, JE & Gray, GR, 1847)

Reed warblers, Grauer's warbler, and allies

Order: Passeriformes Family: Acrocephalidae

The members of this family are usually rather large for "warblers". Most are rather plain olivaceous brown above with much yellow to beige below. They are usually found in open woodland, reedbeds, or tall grass. The family occurs mostly in southern to western Eurasia and surroundings, but it also ranges far into the Pacific, with some species in Africa.


Common name	Binomial	Comments
Great reed warbler	Acrocephalus arundinaceus (Linnaeus, 1758)	^[11]
Oriental reed warbler	Acrocephalus orientalis (Temminck & Schlegel, 1847)
Clamorous reed warbler	Acrocephalus stentoreus (Hemprich & Ehrenberg, 1833)
Black-browed reed warbler	Acrocephalus bistrigiceps Swinhoe, 1860	^[11]
Moustached warbler	Acrocephalus melanopogon (Temminck, 1823)
Sedge warbler	Acrocephalus schoenobaenus (Linnaeus, 1758)	^[11]
Blunt-winged warbler	Acrocephalus concinens (Swinhoe, 1870)
Large-billed reed warbler	Acrocephalus orinus Oberholser, 1905
Paddyfield warbler	Acrocephalus agricola (Jerdon, 1845)
Blyth's reed warbler	Acrocephalus dumetorum Blyth, 1849
Thick-billed warbler	Arundinax aedon (Pallas, 1776)
Booted warbler	Iduna caligata (Lichtenstein, MHC, 1823)
Sykes's warbler	Iduna rama (Sykes, 1832)

Grassbirds and allies

Order: Passeriformes Family: Locustellidae

Locustellidae are a family of small insectivorous songbirds found mainly in Eurasia, Africa, and the Australian region. They are smallish birds with tails that are usually long and pointed, and tend to be drab brownish or buffy all over.


Common name	Binomial	Comments
Pallas's grasshopper warbler	Helopsaltes certhiola (Pallas, 1811)
Lanceolated warbler	Locustella lanceolata (Temminck, 1840)
Long-billed bush warbler	Locustella major (Brooks, WE, 1871)	Near threatened
Brown bush warbler	Locustella luteoventris (Hodgson, 1845)
Common grasshopper warbler	Locustella naevia (Boddaert, 1783)
Chinese bush warbler	Locustella tacsanowskia Swinhoe, 1871	(V)
Baikal bush warbler	Locustella davidi (La Touche, 1923)	(V) ^[44]
West Himalayan bush warbler	Locustella kashmirensis (Sushkin, 1925)
Spotted bush warbler	Locustella thoracica (Blyth, 1845)
Russet bush warbler	Locustella mandelli (Brooks, WE, 1875)
Striated grassbird	Megalurus palustris Horsfield, 1821
Broad-tailed grassbird	Schoenicola platyurus (Jerdon, 1841)	(E); vulnerable
Bristled grassbird	Schoenicola striatus (Jerdon, 1841)	Vulnerable

Cisticolas and allies

Order: Passeriformes Family: Cisticolidae

The Cisticolidae are warblers found mainly in warmer southern regions of the Old World. They are generally very small birds of drab brown or grey appearance found in open country such as grassland or scrub.


Common name	Binomial	Comments
Zitting cisticola	Cisticola juncidis (Rafinesque, 1810)
Golden-headed cisticola	Cisticola exilis (Vigors & Horsfield, 1827)
Himalayan prinia	Prinia crinigera Hodgson, 1836	Circumscription changed in 2020^[45]
Rufous-crowned prinia	Prinia khasiana (Godwin-Austen, 1876)
Hill prinia	Prinia superciliaris (Anderson, 1871)
Grey-crowned prinia	Prinia cinereocapilla Moore, F, 1854
Rufous-fronted prinia	Prinia buchanani Blyth, 1844
Rufescent prinia	Prinia rufescens Blyth, 1847
Grey-breasted prinia	Prinia hodgsonii Blyth, 1844
Delicate prinia	Prinia lepida Blyth, 1844
Jungle prinia	Prinia sylvatica Jerdon, 1840
Yellow-bellied prinia	Prinia flaviventris (Delessert, 1840)
Ashy prinia	Prinia socialis Sykes, 1832
Plain prinia	Prinia inornata Sykes, 1832
Common tailorbird	Orthotomus sutorius (Pennant, 1769)
Dark-necked tailorbird	Orthotomus atrogularis Temminck, 1836

Sylviid babblers

Order: Passeriformes Family: Sylviidae

The family Sylviidae is a group of small insectivorous passerine birds. They mainly occur as breeding species, as the common name implies, in Europe, Asia and, to a lesser extent, Africa. Many species are difficult to identify by appearance, but many have distinctive songs.


Common name	Binomial	Comments
Eurasian blackcap	Sylvia atricapilla (Linnaeus, 1758)	(V)
Garden warbler	Sylvia borin (Boddaert, 1783)	^[11]
Barred warbler	Curruca nisoria (Bechstein, 1792)	^[11]
Desert whitethroat	Curruca minula
Lesser whitethroat	Curruca curruca (Linnaeus, 1758)
Hume's whitethroat	Curruca althaea
Eastern Orphean warbler	Curruca crassirostris (Cretzschmar, 1830)
Asian desert warbler	Curruca nana Hemprich & Ehrenberg, 1833
Common whitethroat	Curruca communis (Latham, 1787)

Parrotbills and allies

Order: Passeriformes Family: Paradoxornithidae

The parrotbills are a group of peculiar birds which are diverse along the Himalayas east into Southeast Asia, though feral populations exist elsewhere. They are generally small, long-tailed birds which inhabit reedbeds and similar habitat. They feed mainly on seeds, e.g. of grasses, to which their bill, as the name implies, is well-adapted.


Common name	Binomial	Comments
Fire-tailed myzornis	Myzornis pyrrhoura Blyth, 1843
Golden-breasted fulvetta	Lioparus chrysotis (Blyth, 1845)
Yellow-eyed babbler	Chrysomma sinense (Gmelin, JF, 1789)
Jerdon's babbler	Chrysomma altirostre Jerdon, 1862	Vulnerable
White-browed fulvetta	Fulvetta vinipectus (Hodgson, 1837)
Brown-throated fulvetta	Fulvetta ludlowi Kinnear, 1935
Manipur fulvetta	Fulvetta manipurensis (Ogilvie-Grant, 1906)
Black-breasted parrotbill	Paradoxornis flavirostris Gould, 1836	Vulnerable
Spot-breasted parrotbill	Paradoxornis guttaticollis David, A, 1871
Great parrotbill	Conostoma aemodium
Brown parrotbill	Cholornis unicolor
Grey-headed parrotbill	Psittiparus gularis
White-breasted parrotbill	Psittiparus ruficeps
Rufous-headed parrotbill	Psittiparus bakeri
Fulvous parrotbill	Suthora fulvifrons (Hodgson, 1845)
Black-throated parrotbill	Suthora nipalensis Hodgson, 1837
Pale-billed parrotbill	Chleuasicus atrosuperciliaris

White-eyes

Order: Passeriformes Family: Zosteropidae

The white-eyes are small and mostly undistinguished, their plumage above being generally some dull colour like greenish-olive, but some species have a white or bright yellow throat, breast or lower parts, and several have buff flanks. As their name suggests, many species have a white ring around each eye.


Common name	Binomial	Comments
Striated yuhina	Staphida castaniceps (Moore, F, 1854)
Black-chinned yuhina	Yuhina nigrimenta Blyth, 1845
Whiskered yuhina	Yuhina flavicollis Hodgson, 1836
White-naped yuhina	Yuhina bakeri Rothschild, 1926
Stripe-throated yuhina	Yuhina gularis Hodgson, 1836
Rufous-vented yuhina	Yuhina occipitalis Hodgson, 1836
Chestnut-flanked white-eye	Zosterops erythropleurus Swinhoe, 1863	(V)
Indian white-eye	Zosterops palpebrosus (Temminck, 1824)

Babblers and scimitar babblers

Order: Passeriformes Family: Timaliidae

The babblers, or timaliids, are somewhat diverse in size and colouration, but are characterised by soft fluffy plumage.


Common name	Binomial	Comments
Chestnut-capped babbler	Timalia pileata Horsfield, 1821
Tawny-bellied babbler	Dumetia hyperythra (Franklin, 1831)
Dark-fronted babbler	Dumetia atriceps (Jerdon, 1839)
Pin-striped tit-babbler	Mixornis gularis (Horsfield, 1822)
Golden babbler	Cyanoderma chrysaeum (Blyth, 1844)
Black-chinned babbler	Cyanoderma pyrrhops (Blyth, 1844)
Rufous-capped babbler	Cyanoderma ruficeps (Blyth, 1847)
Buff-chested babbler	Cyanoderma ambiguum (Harington, 1915)
Rufous-throated wren-babbler	Spelaeornis caudatus (Blyth, 1845)
Mishmi wren-babbler	Spelaeornis badeigularis Ripley, 1948	(E)
Bar-winged wren-babbler	Spelaeornis troglodytoides (Verreaux, J, 1871)
Naga wren-babbler	Spelaeornis chocolatinus (Godwin-Austen & Walden, 1875)	(E)
Chin Hills wren-babbler	Spelaeornis oatesi (Rippon, 1904)
Tawny-breasted wren-babbler	Spelaeornis longicaudatus (Moore, F, 1854)	(E)
Grey-bellied wren-babbler	Spelaeornis reptatus (Bingham, 1903)
Coral-billed scimitar babbler	Pomatorhinus ferruginosus Blyth, 1845
Red-billed scimitar babbler	Pomatorhinus ochraceiceps Walden, 1873
Slender-billed scimitar babbler	Pomatorhinus superciliaris (Blyth, 1842)
Streak-breasted scimitar babbler	Pomatorhinus ruficollis Hodgson, 1836
White-browed scimitar babbler	Pomatorhinus schisticeps Hodgson, 1836
Indian scimitar babbler	Pomatorhinus horsfieldii Sykes, 1832
Large scimitar babbler	Erythrogenys hypoleucos (Blyth, 1844)
Rusty-cheeked scimitar babbler	Erythrogenys erythrogenys (Vigors, 1831)
Spot-breasted scimitar babbler	Erythrogenys mcclellandi (Godwin-Austen, 1870)
Grey-throated babbler	Stachyris nigriceps Blyth, 1844
Sikkim wedge-billed babbler	Stachyris humei (Mandelli, 1873)
Cachar wedge-billed babbler	Stachyris roberti (Godwin-Austen & Walden, 1875)
Snowy-throated babbler	Stachyris oglei (Godwin-Austen, 1877)

Ground babblers

Order: Passeriformes Family: Pellorneidae

These small to medium-sized songbirds have soft fluffy plumage but are otherwise rather diverse. Members of the genus Illadopsis are found in forests, but some other genera are birds of scrublands.


Common name	Binomial	Comments
Indian grassbird	Graminicola bengalensis Jerdon, 1863
White-hooded babbler	Gampsorhynchus rufulus Blyth, 1844
Yellow-throated fulvetta	Schoeniparus cinereus (Blyth, 1847)
Rufous-winged fulvetta	Schoeniparus castaneceps (Hodgson, 1837)
Rufous-throated fulvetta	Schoeniparus rufogularis (Mandelli, 1873)
Rusty-capped fulvetta	Schoeniparus dubius (Hume, 1874)
Puff-throated babbler	Pellorneum ruficeps Swainson, 1832
Marsh babbler	Pellorneum palustre Gould, 1872
Spot-throated babbler	Pellorneum albiventre (Godwin-Austen, 1877)
Buff-breasted babbler	Pellorneum tickelli Blyth, 1859
Rufous-vented grass babbler	Laticilla burnesii (Blyth, 1844)
Swamp grass babbler	Laticilla cinerascens (Walden, 1874)
Abbott's babbler	Malacocincla abbotti Blyth, 1845
Streaked wren-babbler	Gypsophila brevicaudata (Blyth, 1855)
Eyebrowed wren-babbler	Napothera epilepidota (Temminck, 1828)
Long-billed wren-babbler	Napothera malacoptila (Blyth, 1847)

Alcippe fulvettas

Order: Passeriformes Family: Alcippeidae

The genus once included many other fulvettas and was previously placed in families Pellorneidae or Timaliidae.


Common name	Binomial	Comments
Brown-cheeked fulvetta	Alcippe poioicephala (Jerdon, 1841)
Nepal fulvetta	Alcippe nipalensis (Hodgson, 1837)

Laughingthrushes and allies

Order: Passeriformes Family: Leiothrichidae

The members of this family are diverse in size and colouration, though those of genus Turdoides tend to be brown or greyish. The family is found in Africa, India, and southeast Asia.


Common name	Binomial	Comments
Striated laughingthrush	Grammatoptila striata (Vigors, 1831)
Himalayan cutia	Cutia nipalensis Hodgson, 1837
Scaly laughingthrush	Trochalopteron subunicolor Blyth, 1843
Brown-capped laughingthrush	Trochalopteron austeni Godwin-Austen, 1870
Blue-winged laughingthrush	Trochalopteron squamatum (Gould, 1835)
Streaked laughingthrush	Trochalopteron lineatum (Vigors, 1831)
Bhutan laughingthrush	Trochalopteron imbricatum (Blyth, 1843)
Striped laughingthrush	Trochalopteron virgatum Godwin-Austen, 1874
Variegated laughingthrush	Trochalopteron variegatum (Vigors, 1831)
Black-faced laughingthrush	Trochalopteron affine (Blyth, 1843)
Elliot's laughingthrush	Trochalopteron elliotii Verreaux, J, 1871	^[46]
Chestnut-crowned laughingthrush	Trochalopteron erythrocephalum (Vigors, 1832)
Assam laughingthrush	Trochalopteron chrysopterum (Gould, 1835)
Banasura laughingthrush	Montecincla jerdoni (Blyth, 1851)	(E)
Nilgiri laughingthrush	Montecincla cachinnans (Jerdon, 1839)	(E)
Palani laughingthrush	Montecincla fairbanki (Blanford, 1869)	(E)
Ashambu laughingthrush	Montecincla meridionalis (Blanford, 1880)	(E)
Long-tailed sibia	Heterophasia picaoides (Hodgson, 1839)
Rufous sibia	Heterophasia capistrata (Vigors, 1831)
Beautiful sibia	Heterophasia pulchella (Godwin-Austen, 1874)
Grey sibia	Heterophasia gracilis (Horsfield, 1840)
Hoary-throated barwing	Actinodura nipalensis (Hodgson, 1836)
Streak-throated barwing	Actinodura waldeni Godwin-Austen, 1874
Blue-winged minla	Actinodura cyanouroptera (Hodgson, 1837)
Bar-throated minla	Actinodura strigula (Hodgson, 1837)
Rusty-fronted barwing	Actinodura egertoni Gould, 1836
Red-billed leiothrix	Leiothrix lutea (Scopoli, 1786)
Silver-eared mesia	Leiothrix argentauris (Hodgson, 1837)
Red-tailed minla	Minla ignotincta Hodgson, 1837
Rufous-backed sibia	Leioptila annectens Blyth, 1847
Bugun liocichla	Liocichla bugunorum Athreya, 2006	(E)^[47]
Red-faced liocichla	Liocichla phoenicea (Gould, 1837)
Large grey babbler	Argya malcolmi (Sykes, 1832)
Slender-billed babbler	Argya longirostris (Moore, F, 1854)
Rufous babbler	Argya subrufa (Jerdon, 1839)	(E)
Jungle babbler	Argya striata (Dumont, 1823)
Yellow-billed babbler	Argya affinis (Jerdon, 1845)
Common babbler	Argya caudata (Dumont, 1823)
Striated babbler	Argya earlei (Blyth, 1844)
Spot-breasted laughingthrush	Garrulax merulinus Blyth, 1851
Lesser necklaced laughingthrush	Garrulax monileger (Hodgson, 1836)
White-crested laughingthrush	Garrulax leucolophus (Hardwicke, 1816)
Rufous-chinned laughingthrush	Ianthocincla rufogularis Gould, 1835
Moustached laughingthrush	Ianthocincla cineracea (Godwin-Austen, 1874)
Spotted laughingthrush	Ianthocincla ocellata (Vigors, 1831)
Wynaad laughingthrush	Pterorhinus delesserti (Jerdon, 1839)	(E)
Rufous-vented laughingthrush	Pterorhinus gularis (McClelland, 1840)
Yellow-throated laughingthrush	Pterorhinus galbanus (Godwin-Austen, 1874)
Rufous-necked laughingthrush	Pterorhinus ruficollis (Jardine & Selby, 1838)
Chestnut-backed laughingthrush	Pterorhinus nuchalis (Godwin-Austen, 1876)
White-browed laughingthrush	Pterorhinus sannio (Swinhoe, 1867)
Greater necklaced laughingthrush	Pterorhinus pectoralis (Gould, 1836)
Mount Victoria babax	Pterorhinus woodi (Finn, 1902)
White-throated laughingthrush	Pterorhinus albogularis (Gould, 1836)
Grey-sided laughingthrush	Pterorhinus caerulatus (Hodgson, 1836)

Fairy-bluebirds

Order: Passeriformes Family: Irenidae

The fairy-bluebirds are bulbul-like birds of open forest or thorn scrub. The males are dark-blue and the females a duller green. There is one species which occurs in India.


Common name	Binomial	Comments
Asian fairy-bluebird	Irena puella (Latham, 1790)

Goldcrests and kinglets

Order: Passeriformes Family: Regulidae

The kinglets, also called crests, are a small group of birds often included in the Old World warblers, but frequently given family status because they also resemble the titmice. There is one species which occurs in India.


Common name	Binomial	Comments
Goldcrest	Regulus regulus (Linnaeus, 1758)

Elachura

Order: Passeriformes Family: Elachuridae

This species, the only one in its family, inhabits forest undergrowth throughout South East Asia.


Common name	Binomial	Comments
Spotted elachura	Elachura formosa (Walden, 1874)

Wrens

Order: Passeriformes Family: Troglodytidae

The wrens are mainly small and inconspicuous except for their loud songs. These birds have short wings and thin down-turned bills. Several species often hold their tails upright. All are insectivorous. There is one species which occurs in India.


Common name	Binomial	Comments
Eurasian wren	Troglodytes troglodytes (Linnaeus, 1758)

Nuthatches

Order: Passeriformes Family: Sittidae

Nuthatches are small woodland birds. They have the unusual ability to climb down trees head first, unlike other birds which can only go upwards. Nuthatches have big heads, short tails and powerful bills and feet.


Common name	Binomial	Comments
White-cheeked nuthatch	Sitta leucopsis Gould, 1850
Beautiful nuthatch	Sitta formosa Blyth, 1843
Velvet-fronted nuthatch	Sitta frontalis Swainson, 1820
Yunnan nuthatch	Sitta yunnanensis Ogilvie-Grant, 1900	(V)^[48]
White-tailed nuthatch	Sitta himalayensis Jardine & Selby, 1835
Chestnut-vented nuthatch	Sitta nagaensis Godwin-Austen, 1874
Kashmir nuthatch	Sitta cashmirensis Brooks, WE, 1871
Indian nuthatch	Sitta castanea Lesson, RP, 1830
Chestnut-bellied nuthatch	Sitta cinnamoventris Blyth, 1842

Wallcreeper

Order: Passeriformes Family: Tichodromidae

The wallcreeper is a small bird related to the nuthatch family, which has stunning crimson, grey and black plumage.


Common name	Binomial	Comments
Wallcreeper	Tichodroma muraria (Linnaeus, 1766)

Treecreepers

Order: Passeriformes Family: Certhiidae

Treecreepers are small woodland birds, brown above and white below. They have thin pointed down-curved bills, which they use to extricate insects from bark. They have stiff tail feathers, like woodpeckers, which they use to support themselves on vertical trees.


Common name	Binomial	Comments
Hodgson's treecreeper	Certhia hodgsoni Brooks, WE, 1871
Bar-tailed treecreeper	Certhia himalayana Vigors, 1832
Rusty-flanked treecreeper	Certhia nipalensis Blyth, 1845
Sikkim treecreeper	Certhia discolor Blyth, 1845
Hume's treecreeper	Certhia manipurensis Hume, 1881	^[49]^[50]
Indian spotted creeper	Salpornis spilonota (Franklin, 1831)

Starlings and rhabdornis

Order: Passeriformes Family: Sturnidae

Starlings are small to medium-sized passerine birds. Their flight is strong and direct and they are very gregarious. Their preferred habitat is fairly open country. They eat insects and fruit. Plumage is typically dark with a metallic sheen.


Common name	Binomial	Comments
Asian glossy starling	Aplonis panayensis (Scopoli, 1786)
Spot-winged starling	Saroglossa spilopterus (Vigors, 1831)
Golden-crested myna	Ampeliceps coronatus Blyth, 1842
Common hill myna	Gracula religiosa Linnaeus, 1758
Southern hill myna	Gracula indica (Cuvier, 1829)
Great myna	Acridotheres grandis Moore, F, 1858
Jungle myna	Acridotheres fuscus (Wagler, 1827)
Collared myna	Acridotheres albocinctus Godwin-Austen & Walden, 1875
Bank myna	Acridotheres ginginianus (Latham, 1790)
Common myna	Acridotheres tristis (Linnaeus, 1766)
Red-billed starling	Spodiopsar sericeus (Gmelin, JF, 1789)	(V)
White-cheeked starling	Spodiopsar cineraceus (Temminck, 1835)	(V)
Indian pied myna	Gracupica contra (Linnaeus, 1758)
Daurian starling	Agropsar sturninus (Pallas, 1776)
Chestnut-cheeked starling	Agropsar philippensis (Pennant, 1781)	(V)^[51]
White-shouldered starling	Sturnia sinensis (Gmelin, JF, 1788)	(V)
Chestnut-tailed starling	Sturnia malabarica (Gmelin, JF, 1789)	^[52]
White-headed starling	Sturnia erythropygia Blyth, 1846	(E) ^[52]
Malabar starling	Sturnia blythii (Jerdon, 1845)	(E) ^[52]
Brahminy starling	Sturnia pagodarum (Gmelin, JF, 1789)	^[52]
Rosy starling	Pastor roseus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Common starling	Sturnus vulgaris Linnaeus, 1758

Thrushes

Order: Passeriformes Family: Turdidae

The thrushes are a group of passerine birds that occur mainly in the Old World. They are plump, soft plumaged, small to medium-sized insectivores or sometimes omnivores, often feeding on the ground. Many have attractive songs.


Common name	Binomial	Comments
Pied thrush	Geokichla wardii (Blyth, 1843)
Orange-headed thrush	Geokichla citrina (Latham, 1790)
Siberian thrush	Geokichla sibirica (Pallas, 1776)
Alpine thrush	Zoothera mollissima (Blyth, 1842)
Himalayan thrush	Zoothera salimalii Alström, Rasmussen, Zhao J, Xu J, Dalvi, Cai T, Guan Y, Zhang R, Kalyakin, Lei F & Olsson, 2016	^[53]
Long-tailed thrush	Zoothera dixoni (Seebohm, 1881)
Scaly thrush	Zoothera dauma (Latham, 1790)
Nilgiri thrush	Zoothera neilgherriensis (Blyth, 1847)	(E)
Long-billed thrush	Zoothera monticola Vigors, 1832
Dark-sided thrush	Zoothera marginata Blyth, 1847
Grandala	Grandala coelicolor Hodgson, 1843
Tickell's thrush	Turdus unicolor Tickell, 1833
Black-breasted thrush	Turdus dissimilis Blyth, 1847
Japanese thrush	Turdus cardis Temminck, 1831	(V)
White-collared blackbird	Turdus albocinctus Royle, 1840
Grey-winged blackbird	Turdus boulboul (Latham, 1790)
Tibetan blackbird	Turdus maximus (Seebohm, 1881)
Indian blackbird	Turdus simillimus Jerdon, 1839
Chestnut thrush	Turdus rubrocanus Gray, JE & Gray, GR, 1847
White-backed thrush	Turdus kessleri (Przevalski, 1876)	(V)
Grey-sided thrush	Turdus feae (Salvadori, 1887)
Eyebrowed thrush	Turdus obscurus Gmelin, JF, 1789
Black-throated thrush	Turdus atrogularis Jarocki, 1819
Red-throated thrush	Turdus ruficollis Pallas, 1776
Naumann's thrush	Turdus naumanni Temminck, 1820	(V)
Dusky thrush	Turdus eunomus Temminck, 1831
Fieldfare	Turdus pilaris Linnaeus, 1758	(V)
Song thrush	Turdus philomelos Brehm, CL, 1831	(V)^[11]
Chinese thrush	Turdus mupinensis Laubmann, 1920	(V)^[54]
Mistle thrush	Turdus viscivorus Linnaeus, 1758
Purple cochoa	Cochoa purpurea Hodgson, 1836
Green cochoa	Cochoa viridis Hodgson, 1836

Chats and Old World flycatchers

Order: Passeriformes Family: Muscicapidae

Old World flycatchers are a large group of small passerine birds native to the Old World. They are mainly small arboreal insectivores. The appearance of these birds is highly varied, but they mostly have weak songs and harsh calls.


Common name	Binomial	Comments
Rufous-tailed scrub robin	Cercotrichas galactotes (Temminck, 1820)
Indian robin	Copsychus fulicatus (Linnaeus, 1766)
Oriental magpie-robin	Copsychus saularis (Linnaeus, 1758)
White-rumped shama	Copsychus malabaricus (Scopoli, 1786)
Andaman shama	Copsychus albiventris (Blyth, 1858)	(E)
White-crowned shama	Copsychus stricklandii Motley & Dillwyn, 1855
Spotted flycatcher	Muscicapa striata (Pallas, 1764)
Dark-sided flycatcher	Muscicapa sibirica Gmelin, JF, 1789
Asian brown flycatcher	Muscicapa dauurica Pallas, 1811
Brown-breasted flycatcher	Muscicapa muttui (Layard, EL, 1854)
Ferruginous flycatcher	Muscicapa ferruginea (Hodgson, 1845)
White-gorgeted flycatcher	Anthipes monileger (Hodgson, 1845)
Pale blue flycatcher	Cyornis unicolor Blyth, 1843
White-bellied blue flycatcher	Cyornis pallidipes (Jerdon, 1840)	(E)
Pale-chinned blue flycatcher	Cyornis poliogenys Brooks, WE, 1880
Hill blue flycatcher	Cyornis whitei Harington, 1908	Split from C. banyumas^[55]
Large blue flycatcher	Cyornis magnirostris Blyth, 1849
Tickell's blue flycatcher	Cyornis tickelliae Blyth, 1843
Blue-throated blue flycatcher	Cyornis rubeculoides (Vigors, 1831)
White-tailed flycatcher	Cyornis concretus
Nicobar jungle flycatcher	Cyornis nicobaricus (Richmond, 1902)	(E)
Rufous-bellied niltava	Niltava sundara Hodgson, 1837
Vivid niltava	Niltava vivida (Swinhoe, 1864)
Large niltava	Niltava grandis (Blyth, 1842)
Small niltava	Niltava macgrigoriae (Burton, E, 1836)
Blue-and-white flycatcher	Cyanoptila cyanomelana (Temminck, 1829)	(V)^[56]
Zappey's flycatcher	Cyanoptila cumatilis Thayer & Bangs, 1909	(V)
Verditer flycatcher	Eumyias thalassinus (Swainson, 1838)
Nilgiri flycatcher	Eumyias albicaudatus (Jerdon, 1840)	(E)
Gould's shortwing	Heteroxenicus stellatus (Gould, 1868)
Rusty-bellied shortwing	Brachypteryx hyperythra Blyth, 1861
Lesser shortwing	Brachypteryx leucophris (Temminck, 1828)
Himalayan shortwing	Brachypteryx cruralis (Blyth, 1843)
Indian blue robin	Larvivora brunnea Hodgson, 1837
Siberian blue robin	Larvivora cyane (Pallas, 1776)	(V)
Bluethroat	Luscinia svecica (Linnaeus, 1758)
White-bellied redstart	Luscinia phaenicuroides (Gray, JE & Gray, GR, 1847)
Himalayan rubythroat	Calliope pectoralis Gould, 1837
Chinese rubythroat	Calliope tschebaiewi Przevalski, 1876
Siberian rubythroat	Calliope calliope (Pallas, 1776)
Firethroat	Calliope pectardens David, A, 1877	(V)
White-tailed robin	Myiomela leucura (Hodgson, 1845)
Nilgiri blue robin	Sholicola major (Jerdon, 1841)	(E)
White-bellied blue robin	Sholicola albiventris (Blanford, 1868)	(E)
White-browed bush robin	Tarsiger indicus (Vieillot, 1817)
Rufous-breasted bush robin	Tarsiger hyperythrus (Blyth, 1847)
Red-flanked bluetail	Tarsiger cyanurus (Pallas, 1773)
Himalayan bluetail	Tarsiger rufilatus (Hodgson, 1845)
Golden bush robin	Tarsiger chrysaeus Hodgson, 1845
Little forktail	Enicurus scouleri Vigors, 1832
Black-backed forktail	Enicurus immaculatus (Hodgson, 1836)
Slaty-backed forktail	Enicurus schistaceus (Hodgson, 1836)
White-crowned forktail	Enicurus leschenaulti (Vieillot, 1818)
Spotted forktail	Enicurus maculatus Vigors, 1831
Malabar whistling thrush	Myophonus horsfieldii Vigors, 1831	(E)
Blue whistling thrush	Myophonus caeruleus (Scopoli, 1786)
Blue-fronted robin	Cinclidium frontale Blyth, 1842
Yellow-rumped flycatcher	Ficedula zanthopygia (Hay, 1845)	(V)
Slaty-backed flycatcher	Ficedula erithacus (Blyth, 1861)
Mugimaki flycatcher	Ficedula mugimaki (Temminck, 1836)	(V) ^[57]
Pygmy flycatcher	Ficedula hodgsoni (Moore, F, 1854)
Rufous-gorgeted flycatcher	Ficedula strophiata (Hodgson, 1837)
Sapphire flycatcher	Ficedula sapphira (Blyth, 1843)
Ultramarine flycatcher	Ficedula superciliaris (Jerdon, 1840)
Little pied flycatcher	Ficedula westermanni (Sharpe, 1888)
Slaty-blue flycatcher	Ficedula tricolor (Hodgson, 1845)
Snowy-browed flycatcher	Ficedula hyperythra (Blyth, 1843)
Rusty-tailed flycatcher	Ficedula ruficauda (Swainson, 1838)
Taiga flycatcher	Ficedula albicilla (Pallas, 1811)
Red-breasted flycatcher	Ficedula parva (Bechstein, 1792)
Kashmir flycatcher	Ficedula subrubra (Hartert, EJO & Steinbacher, 1934)
Black-and-orange flycatcher	Ficedula nigrorufa (Jerdon, 1839)	(E)
Eversmann's redstart	Phoenicurus erythronotus (Eversmann, 1841)
Blue-capped redstart	Phoenicurus coeruleocephala (Vigors, 1831)
Black redstart	Phoenicurus ochruros (Gmelin, SG, 1774)
Common redstart	Phoenicurus phoenicurus (Linnaeus, 1758)	(V)^[11]
Hodgson's redstart	Phoenicurus hodgsoni (Moore, F, 1854)
White-throated redstart	Phoenicurus schisticeps (Gray, JE & Gray, GR, 1847)
Daurian redstart	Phoenicurus auroreus (Pallas, 1776)
Güldenstädt's redstart	Phoenicurus erythrogastrus (Güldenstädt, 1775)
Blue-fronted redstart	Phoenicurus frontalis Vigors, 1831
Plumbeous water redstart	Phoenicurus fuliginosus Vigors, 1831
White-capped redstart	Phoenicurus leucocephalus Vigors, 1831	^[58]
Common rock thrush	Monticola saxatilis (Linnaeus, 1766)
Blue rock thrush	Monticola solitarius (Linnaeus, 1758)
Chestnut-bellied rock thrush	Monticola rufiventris (Jardine & Selby, 1833)
Blue-capped rock thrush	Monticola cinclorhyncha (Vigors, 1831)
Whinchat	Saxicola rubetra (Linnaeus, 1758)	(V)
White-browed bush chat	Saxicola macrorhynchus (Stoliczka, 1872)
White-throated bush chat	Saxicola insignis Gray, JE & Gray, GR, 1847
Siberian stonechat	Saxicola maurus (Pallas, 1773)
Amur stonechat	Saxicola stejnegeri (Parrot, 1908)
White-tailed stonechat	Saxicola leucurus (Blyth, 1847)
Pied bush chat	Saxicola caprata (Linnaeus, 1766)
Jerdon's bush chat	Saxicola jerdoni (Blyth, 1867)
Grey bush chat	Saxicola ferreus Gray, JE & Gray, GR, 1847
Northern wheatear	Oenanthe oenanthe (Linnaeus, 1758)	(V)^[59]
Isabelline wheatear	Oenanthe isabellina (Temminck, 1829)
Desert wheatear	Oenanthe deserti (Temminck, 1825)
Pied wheatear	Oenanthe pleschanka (Lepechin, 1770)
Brown rock chat	Oenanthe fusca (Blyth, 1851)
Variable wheatear	Oenanthe picata (Blyth, 1847)
Hume's wheatear	Oenanthe albonigra (Hume, 1872)
Finsch's wheatear	Oenanthe finschii (Heuglin, 1869)	(V)
Red-tailed wheatear	Oenanthe chrysopygia (de Filippi, 1863)

Dippers

Order: Passeriformes Family: Cinclidae

Dippers are a group of perching birds whose habitat includes aquatic environments in the Americas, Europe and Asia. They are named for their bobbing or dipping movements. There are two species which have been recorded in India.


Common name	Binomial	Comments
White-throated dipper	Cinclus cinclus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Brown dipper	Cinclus pallasii Temminck, 1820

Leafbirds

Order: Passeriformes Family: Chloropseidae

The leafbirds are small, bulbul-like birds. The males are brightly plumaged, usually in greens and yellows.


Common name	Binomial	Comments
Blue-winged leafbird	Chloropsis cochinchinensis (Gmelin, JF, 1789)
Jerdon's leafbird	Chloropsis jerdoni (Blyth, 1844)
Golden-fronted leafbird	Chloropsis aurifrons (Temminck, 1829)
Orange-bellied leafbird	Chloropsis hardwickii Jardine & Selby, 1830

Flowerpeckers

Order: Passeriformes Family: Dicaeidae

The flowerpeckers are very small, stout, often brightly coloured birds, with short tails, short thick curved bills and tubular tongues.


Common name	Binomial	Comments
Thick-billed flowerpecker	Dicaeum agile (Tickell, 1833)
Yellow-vented flowerpecker	Dicaeum chrysorrheum Temminck, 1829
Yellow-bellied flowerpecker	Dicaeum melanozanthum (Blyth, 1843)
Pale-billed flowerpecker	Dicaeum erythrorhynchos (Latham, 1790)
Nilgiri flowerpecker	Dicaeum concolor Jerdon, 1840
Plain flowerpecker	Dicaeum minullum Swinhoe, 1870
Andaman flowerpecker	Dicaeum virescens Hume, 1873	(E)
Fire-breasted flowerpecker	Dicaeum ignipectus (Blyth, 1843)
Scarlet-backed flowerpecker	Dicaeum cruentatum (Linnaeus, 1758)

Sunbirds

Order: Passeriformes Family: Nectariniidae

The sunbirds and spiderhunters are very small passerine birds which feed largely on nectar, although they will also take insects, especially when feeding young. Flight is fast and direct on their short wings. Most species can take nectar by hovering like a hummingbird, but usually perch to feed.


Common name	Binomial	Comments
Ruby-cheeked sunbird	Chalcoparia singalensis (Gmelin, JF, 1789)
Purple-rumped sunbird	Leptocoma zeylonica (Linnaeus, 1766)
Crimson-backed sunbird	Leptocoma minima (Sykes, 1832)	(E)
Van Hasselt's sunbird	Leptocoma brasiliana (Gmelin, JF, 1788)
Purple sunbird	Cinnyris asiaticus (Latham, 1790)
Olive-backed sunbird	Cinnyris jugularis (Linnaeus, 1766)
Loten's sunbird	Cinnyris lotenius (Linnaeus, 1766)
Mrs. Gould's sunbird	Aethopyga gouldiae (Vigors, 1831)
Green-tailed sunbird	Aethopyga nipalensis (Hodgson, 1836)
Black-throated sunbird	Aethopyga saturata (Hodgson, 1836)
Crimson sunbird	Aethopyga siparaja (Raffles, 1822)
Vigors's sunbird	Aethopyga vigorsii (Sykes, 1832)	(E)
Fire-tailed sunbird	Aethopyga ignicauda (Hodgson, 1836)
Little spiderhunter	Arachnothera longirostra (Latham, 1790)
Streaked spiderhunter	Arachnothera magna (Hodgson, 1836)

Old World sparrows and snowfinches

Order: Passeriformes Family: Passeridae

Sparrows are small passerine birds. In general, sparrows tend to be small, plump, brown or grey birds with short tails and short powerful beaks. Sparrows are seed eaters, but they also consume small insects.


Common name	Binomial	Comments
House sparrow	Passer domesticus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Spanish sparrow	Passer hispaniolensis (Temminck, 1820)
Sind sparrow	Passer pyrrhonotus Blyth, 1845
Russet sparrow	Passer cinnamomeus (Gould, 1836)
Eurasian tree sparrow	Passer montanus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Pale rockfinch	Carpospiza brachydactyla (Bonaparte, 1850)	(V)^[60]^[61]
Rock sparrow	Petronia petronia (Linnaeus, 1766)	^[62]
Yellow-throated sparrow	Gymnoris xanthocollis (Burton, E, 1838)
Black-winged snowfinch	Montifringilla adamsi Adams, 1859
White-rumped snowfinch	Onychostruthus taczanowskii (Przevalski, 1876)	(V)
Rufous-necked snowfinch	Pyrgilauda ruficollis (Blanford, 1871)
Blanford's snowfinch	Pyrgilauda blanfordi (Hume, 1876)

Weavers and widowbirds

Order: Passeriformes Family: Ploceidae

The weavers are small passerine birds related to the finches. They are seed-eating birds with rounded conical bills. The males of many species are brightly coloured, usually in red or yellow and black, some species show variation in colour only in the breeding season. There are four species which have been recorded in India.


Common name	Binomial	Comments
Black-breasted weaver	Ploceus benghalensis (Linnaeus, 1758)
Streaked weaver	Ploceus manyar (Horsfield, 1821)
Baya weaver	Ploceus philippinus (Linnaeus, 1766)
Finn's weaver	Ploceus megarhynchus Hume, 1869

Waxbills, munias, and allies

Order: Passeriformes Family: Estrildidae

The estrildid finches are small passerine birds of the Old World tropics and Australasia. They are gregarious and often colonial seed eaters with short thick but pointed bills. They are all similar in structure and habits, but have wide variation in plumage colours and patterns.


Common name	Binomial	Comments
Indian silverbill	Euodice malabarica (Linnaeus, 1758)
Scaly-breasted munia	Lonchura punctulata (Linnaeus, 1758)
Black-throated munia	Lonchura kelaarti (Jerdon, 1863)
White-rumped munia	Lonchura striata (Linnaeus, 1766)
Tricoloured munia	Lonchura malacca (Linnaeus, 1766)
Chestnut munia	Lonchura atricapilla (Vieillot, 1807)
Green avadavat	Amandava formosa (Latham, 1790)	(E)
Red avadavat	Amandava amandava (Linnaeus, 1758)

Accentors

Order: Passeriformes Family: Prunellidae

The accentors are in the only bird family, Prunellidae, which is completely endemic to the Palearctic. They are small, fairly drab species superficially similar to sparrows. There are seven species which have been recorded in India.


Common name	Binomial	Comments
Alpine accentor	Prunella collaris (Scopoli, 1769)
Altai accentor	Prunella himalayana (Blyth, 1842)
Robin accentor	Prunella rubeculoides (Moore, F, 1854)
Rufous-breasted accentor	Prunella strophiata (Blyth, 1843)
Brown accentor	Prunella fulvescens (Severtsov, 1873)
Black-throated accentor	Prunella atrogularis (Brandt, JF, 1843)
Maroon-backed accentor	Prunella immaculata (Hodgson, 1845)

Wagtails and pipits

Order: Passeriformes Family: Motacillidae

Motacillidae is a family of small passerine birds with medium to long tails. They include the wagtails, longclaws and pipits. They are slender, ground feeding insectivores of open country. There are 21 species which have been recorded in India.


Common name	Binomial	Comments
Forest wagtail	Dendronanthus indicus (Gmelin, JF, 1789)
Western yellow wagtail	Motacilla flava Linnaeus, 1758
Eastern yellow wagtail	Motacilla tschutschensis Gmelin, JF, 1789	(V)
Citrine wagtail	Motacilla citreola Pallas, 1776
Grey wagtail	Motacilla cinerea Tunstall, 1771
White wagtail	Motacilla alba Linnaeus, 1758
White-browed wagtail	Motacilla maderaspatensis Gmelin, JF, 1789
Richard's pipit	Anthus richardi Vieillot, 1818
Paddyfield pipit	Anthus rufulus Vieillot, 1818
Blyth's pipit	Anthus godlewskii (Taczanowski, 1876)
Tawny pipit	Anthus campestris (Linnaeus, 1758)
Long-billed pipit	Anthus similis (Jerdon, 1840)
Tree pipit	Anthus trivialis (Linnaeus, 1758)
Olive-backed pipit	Anthus hodgsoni Blackwelder, 1907
Rosy pipit	Anthus roseatus Blyth, 1847
Red-throated pipit	Anthus cervinus (Pallas, 1811)
Buff-bellied pipit	Anthus rubescens (Tunstall, 1771)
Water pipit	Anthus spinoletta (Linnaeus, 1758)
Nilgiri pipit	Anthus nilghiriensis Sharpe, 1885	(E)
Upland pipit	Anthus sylvanus (Hodgson, 1845)
Meadow pipit	Anthus pratensis (Linnaeus, 1758)	(V)

Finches and euphonias

Order: Passeriformes Family: Fringillidae

Finches are seed-eating passerine birds, that are small to moderately large and have a strong beak, usually conical and in some species very large. All have twelve tail feathers and nine primaries. These birds have a bouncing flight with alternating bouts of flapping and gliding on closed wings, and most sing well. There are 44 species which have been recorded in India.


Common name	Binomial	Comments
Eurasian chaffinch	Fringilla coelebs Linnaeus, 1758
Brambling	Fringilla montifringilla Linnaeus, 1758
Black-and-yellow grosbeak	Mycerobas icterioides (Vigors, 1830)
Collared grosbeak	Mycerobas affinis (Blyth, 1855)
Spot-winged grosbeak	Mycerobas melanozanthos (Hodgson, 1836)
White-winged grosbeak	Mycerobas carnipes (Hodgson, 1836)
Hawfinch	Coccothraustes coccothraustes (Linnaeus, 1758)
Brown bullfinch	Pyrrhula nipalensis Hodgson, 1836
Orange bullfinch	Pyrrhula aurantiaca Gould, 1858
Red-headed bullfinch	Pyrrhula erythrocephala Vigors, 1832
Grey-headed bullfinch	Pyrrhula erythaca Blyth, 1862
Asian crimson-winged finch	Rhodopechys sanguineus (Gould, 1838)	(V)
Trumpeter finch	Bucanetes githagineus (Lichtenstein, MHC, 1823)
Mongolian finch	Bucanetes mongolicus (Swinhoe, 1870)
Blanford's rosefinch	Agraphospiza rubescens (Blanford, 1872)
Spectacled finch	Callacanthis burtoni (Gould, 1838)
Golden-naped finch	Pyrrhoplectes epauletta (Hodgson, 1836)
Dark-breasted rosefinch	Procarduelis nipalensis (Hodgson, 1836)
Plain mountain finch	Leucosticte nemoricola (Hodgson, 1836)
Brandt's mountain finch	Leucosticte brandti Bonaparte, 1850
Common rosefinch	Carpodacus erythrinus (Pallas, 1770)
Scarlet finch	Carpodacus sipahi (Hodgson, 1836)
Streaked rosefinch	Carpodacus rubicilloides Przevalski, 1876
Great rosefinch	Carpodacus rubicilla (Güldenstädt, 1775)
Blyth's rosefinch	Carpodacus grandis Blyth, 1849
Himalayan beautiful rosefinch	Carpodacus pulcherrimus (Moore, F, 1856)
Pink-rumped rosefinch	Carpodacus waltoni (Sharpe, 1905)	(V)
Pink-browed rosefinch	Carpodacus rodochroa (Vigors, 1831)
Dark-rumped rosefinch	Carpodacus edwardsii Verreaux, J, 1871
Spot-winged rosefinch	Carpodacus rodopeplus (Vigors, 1831)
Vinaceous rosefinch	Carpodacus vinaceus Verreaux, J, 1871
Pale rosefinch	Carpodacus stoliczkae (Hume, 1874)	(V)
Sillem's rosefinch	Carpodacus sillemi (Roselaar, 1992)
Himalayan white-browed rosefinch	Carpodacus thura Bonaparte & Schlegel, 1850
Chinese white-browed rosefinch	Carpodacus dubius Przevalski, 1876	(V)^[63]
Red-fronted rosefinch	Carpodacus puniceus (Blyth, 1845)
Crimson-browed finch	Carpodacus subhimachalus (Hodgson, 1836)
Three-banded rosefinch	Carpodacus trifasciatus Verreaux, J, 1871	^[64]
Yellow-breasted greenfinch	Chloris spinoides (Vigors, 1831)
Black-headed greenfinch	Chloris ambigua (Oustalet, 1896)	^[33]^[46]^[65]
Desert finch	Rhodospiza obsoleta (Lichtenstein, MHC, 1823)	(V)
Twite	Linaria flavirostris (Linnaeus, 1758)
Common linnet	Linaria cannabina (Linnaeus, 1758)	^[11]
Red crossbill	Loxia curvirostra Linnaeus, 1758
European goldfinch	Carduelis carduelis (Linnaeus, 1758)
Red-fronted serin	Serinus pusillus (Pallas, 1811)
Tibetan serin	Spinus thibetanus (Hume, 1872)
Eurasian siskin	Spinus spinus (Linnaeus, 1758)	(V)

Buntings

Order: Passeriformes Family: Emberizidae

The emberizids are a large family of passerine birds. They are seed-eating birds with distinctively shaped bills. Many emberizid species have distinctive head patterns.


Common name	Binomial	Comments
Crested bunting	Emberiza lathami Gray, JE, 1831
Yellowhammer	Emberiza citrinella Linnaeus, 1758	(V)^[11]^[66]
Pine bunting	Emberiza leucocephalos Gmelin, SG, 1771
Rock bunting	Emberiza cia Linnaeus, 1766
Godlewski's bunting	Emberiza godlewskii Taczanowski, 1874	^[65]
White-capped bunting	Emberiza stewarti (Blyth, 1854)
Grey-necked bunting	Emberiza buchanani Blyth, 1845
Ortolan bunting	Emberiza hortulana Linnaeus, 1758	(V)
Striolated bunting	Emberiza striolata (Lichtenstein, MHC, 1823)
Tristram's bunting	Emberiza tristrami Swinhoe, 1870	(V)^[67]
Chestnut-eared bunting	Emberiza fucata Pallas, 1776
Little bunting	Emberiza pusilla Pallas, 1776
Yellow-browed bunting	Emberiza chrysophrys Pallas, 1776	(V)
Rustic bunting	Emberiza rustica Pallas, 1776	(V)
Yellow-breasted bunting	Emberiza aureola Pallas, 1773
Chestnut bunting	Emberiza rutila Pallas, 1776
Black-headed bunting	Emberiza melanocephala Scopoli, 1769
Red-headed bunting	Emberiza bruniceps Brandt, JF, 1841
Black-faced bunting	Emberiza spodocephala Pallas, 1776
Common reed bunting	Emberiza schoeniclus (Linnaeus, 1758)

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Other sources

Rasmussen, Pamela C.; Anderton, J. C. (2005). Birds of South Asia: The Ripley Guide. Smithsonian Institution & Lynx Edicions. ISBN 978-84-87334-67-2.
Clements, James F. (2000). Birds of the World: A Checklist. Cornell University Press. p. 880. ISBN 978-0-934797-16-0.

[Avibase-1] Lepage, Denis (24 August 2021). "Checklist of Birds of India". Avibase bird checklists of the world. Retrieved 24 August 2021.

[2] Manakadan, Ranjit; Khan, Asif N. (March 2020). "Birds of the Indian Subcontinent—In a Nutshell". Buceros. 24 (2 & 3). BNHS-ENVIS.

[3] "National bird of India". Know India. Govt. of India. Archived from the original on 19 August 2017. Retrieved 2 December 2007.

[4] Baker, E. C. S. (1904). "The occurrence of the Red-breasted Goose Branta ruficollis in India". Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society. 16 (1): 155–156.

[5] Sangha, H. S. (2015). "'Tundra' Bean Goose Anser fabalis rossicus/serrirostris at Tahla Lake, Alwar district, Rajasthan" (PDF). Indian Birds. 10 (3&4): 94–98.

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