User:Kweetal nl/IOC132/Laridae

Family Laridae - Gulls, Terns, Skimmers

The skimmers Rynchops and terns are embedded among the gulls in a monophyletic clade; separation of the families Rynchopidae and Sternidae would render the gull family Laridae paraphyletic relative to these other two groups (Baker et al. 2008).

Laridae   genera: 22
Laridae   species: 103
Laridae   subspecies: 126

Laridae   Breeding Range: MA, AO, TrO, AF, Worldwide, SO, IO, PAL, NA, OR, AU, PO, SA

Laridae

Common name	Species + authority	Br. range	au	yr	id
Brown noddy	Anous stolidus (Linnaeus, 1758)	TrO	Linn	1758	1
Lesser noddy	Anous tenuirostris (Temminck, 1823)	IO	Temm	1823	2
Black noddy	Anous minutus Boie, F, 1844	PO, AO	Boie	1844	3
Blue noddy	Anous ceruleus (Bennett, FD, 1840)	PO	Benn	1840	4
Grey noddy	Anous albivitta (Bonaparte, 1856)	PO	Bona	1856	5
White tern	Gygis alba (Sparrman, 1786)	TrO	Spar	1786	6
Black skimmer	Rynchops niger Linnaeus, 1758	MA, NA, SA	Linn	1758	7
African skimmer	Rynchops flavirostris Vieillot, 1816	AF	Viei	1816	8
Indian skimmer	Rynchops albicollis Swainson, 1838	OR	Swai	1838	9
Swallow-tailed gull	Creagrus furcatus (Néboux, 1842)	SA	Nébo	1842	10
Black-legged kittiwake	Rissa tridactyla (Linnaeus, 1758)	NA, PAL	Linn	1758	11
Red-legged kittiwake	Rissa brevirostris (Bruch, 1855)	NA	Bruc	1855	12
Ivory gull	Pagophila eburnea (Phipps, 1774)	NA, PAL	Phip	1774	13
Sabine's gull	Xema sabini (Sabine, 1819)	NA, PAL	Sabi	1819	14
Slender-billed gull	Chroicocephalus genei (Brème, 1839)	AF, PAL	Brèm	1839	15
Bonaparte's gull	Chroicocephalus philadelphia (Ord, 1815)	NA	Ord	1815	16
Silver gull	Chroicocephalus novaehollandiae (Stephens, 1826)	AU	Step	1826	17
Black-billed gull	Chroicocephalus bulleri (Hutton, FW, 1871)	AU	Hutt	1871	18
Andean gull	Chroicocephalus serranus (Tschudi, 1844)	SA	Tsch	1844	19
Brown-headed gull	Chroicocephalus brunnicephalus (Jerdon, 1840)	PAL	Jerd	1840	20
Brown-hooded gull	Chroicocephalus maculipennis (Lichtenstein, MHC, 1823)	SA	Lich	1823	21
Black-headed gull	Chroicocephalus ridibundus (Linnaeus, 1766)	PAL	Linn	1766	22
Grey-headed gull	Chroicocephalus cirrocephalus (Vieillot, 1818)	AF, SA	Viei	1818	23
Hartlaub's gull	Chroicocephalus hartlaubii (Bruch, 1855)	AF	Bruc	1855	24
Saunders's gull	Chroicocephalus saundersi Swinhoe, 1871	PAL	Swin	1871	25
Little gull	Hydrocoloeus minutus (Pallas, 1776)	PAL	Pall	1776	26
Ross's gull	Rhodostethia rosea (MacGillivray, W, 1824)	NA, PAL	MacG	1824	27
Dolphin gull	Leucophaeus scoresbii (Traill, 1823)	SA	Trai	1823	28
Lava gull	Leucophaeus fuliginosus (Gould, 1841)	SA	Goul	1841	29
Laughing gull	Leucophaeus atricilla (Linnaeus, 1758)	MA, NA, SA	Linn	1758	30
Franklin's gull	Leucophaeus pipixcan (Wagler, 1831)	NA	Wagl	1831	31
Grey gull	Leucophaeus modestus (Tschudi, 1843)	SA	Tsch	1843	32
Relict gull	Ichthyaetus relictus (Lönnberg, 1931)	PAL	Lönn	1931	33
Audouin's gull	Ichthyaetus audouinii (Payraudeau, 1826)	PAL	Payr	1826	34
Mediterranean gull	Ichthyaetus melanocephalus (Temminck, 1820)	PAL	Temm	1820	35
Pallas's gull	Ichthyaetus ichthyaetus (Pallas, 1773)	PAL	Pall	1773	36
White-eyed gull	Ichthyaetus leucophthalmus (Temminck, 1825)	AF	Temm	1825	37
Sooty gull	Ichthyaetus hemprichii (Bruch, 1855)	AF, PAL	Bruc	1855	38
Pacific gull	Larus pacificus Latham, 1801	AU	Lath	1801	39
Belcher's gull	Larus belcheri Vigors, 1829	SA	Vigo	1829	40
Olrog's gull	Larus atlanticus Olrog, 1958	SA	Olro	1958	41
Black-tailed gull	Larus crassirostris Vieillot, 1818	PAL	Viei	1818	42
Heermann's gull	Larus heermanni Cassin, 1852	MA, NA	Cass	1852	43
Common gull	Larus canus Linnaeus, 1758	NA, PAL	Linn	1758	44
Short-billed gull	Larus brachyrhynchus Richardson, 1831	NA	Rich	1831	45
Ring-billed gull	Larus delawarensis Ord, 1815	NA	Ord	1815	46
California gull	Larus californicus Lawrence, 1854	NA	Lawr	1854	47
Great black-backed gull	Larus marinus Linnaeus, 1758	NA, PAL	Linn	1758	48
Kelp gull	Larus dominicanus Lichtenstein, MHC, 1823	AU, AF, SA	Lich	1823	49
Glaucous-winged gull	Larus glaucescens Naumann, JF, 1840	NA, PAL	Naum	1840	50
Western gull	Larus occidentalis Audubon, 1839	MA, NA	Audu	1839	51
Yellow-footed gull	Larus livens Dwight, 1919	MA, NA	Dwig	1919	52
Glaucous gull	Larus hyperboreus Gunnerus, 1767	NA, PAL	Gunn	1767	53
Iceland gull	Larus glaucoides Meyer, B, 1822	NA, PAL	Meye	1822	54
European herring gull	Larus argentatus Pontoppidan, 1763	PAL	Pont	1763	55
American herring gull	Larus smithsonianus Coues, 1862	NA	Coue	1862	56
Vega gull	Larus vegae Palmén, 1887	PAL	Palm	1887	57
Caspian gull	Larus cachinnans Pallas, 1811	PAL	Pall	1811	58
Yellow-legged gull	Larus michahellis Naumann, JF, 1840	PAL	Naum	1840	59
Armenian gull	Larus armenicus Buturlin, 1934	PAL	Butu	1934	60
Slaty-backed gull	Larus schistisagus Stejneger, 1884	PAL	Stej	1884	61
Lesser black-backed gull	Larus fuscus Linnaeus, 1758	PAL	Linn	1758	62
Gull-billed tern	Gelochelidon nilotica (Gmelin, JF, 1789)	MA, NA, AF, OR, SA, PAL	Gmel	1789	63
Australian tern	Gelochelidon macrotarsa (Gould, 1837)	AU	Goul	1837	64
Caspian tern	Hydroprogne caspia (Pallas, 1770)	AU, NA, OR, PAL	Pall	1770	65
Royal tern	Thalasseus maximus (Boddaert, 1783)	MA, NA, SA	Bodd	1783	66
Greater crested tern	Thalasseus bergii (Lichtenstein, MHC, 1823)	AU, AF, OR	Lich	1823	67
Lesser crested tern	Thalasseus bengalensis (Lesson, RP, 1831)	AU, AF, OR	Less	1831	68
West African crested tern	Thalasseus albididorsalis (Hartert, EJO, 1921)	AF	Hart	1921	69
Chinese crested tern	Thalasseus bernsteini (Schlegel, 1863)	PAL	Schl	1863	70
Sandwich tern	Thalasseus sandvicensis (Latham, 1787)	AF, PAL	Lath	1787	71
Cabot's tern	Thalasseus acuflavidus (Cabot, S, 1847)	MA, NA, SA	Cabo	1847	72
Elegant tern	Thalasseus elegans (Gambel, 1849)	MA, NA	Gamb	1849	73
Little tern	Sternula albifrons (Pallas, 1764)	AU, AF, OR, PAL	Pall	1764	74
Saunders's tern	Sternula saundersi (Hume, 1877)	AF, PAL	Hume	1877	75
Least tern	Sternula antillarum Lesson, RP, 1847	MA, NA	Less	1847	76
Yellow-billed tern	Sternula superciliaris (Vieillot, 1819)	SA	Viei	1819	77
Peruvian tern	Sternula lorata (Philippi & Landbeck, 1861)	SA	Phil	1861	78
Fairy tern	Sternula nereis Gould, 1843	AU	Goul	1843	79
Damara tern	Sternula balaenarum Strickland, 1853	AF	Stri	1853	80
Aleutian tern	Onychoprion aleuticus (Baird, SF, 1869)	NA, PAL	Bair	1869	81
Spectacled tern	Onychoprion lunatus (Peale, 1849)	PO	Peal	1849	82
Bridled tern	Onychoprion anaethetus (Scopoli, 1786)	TrO	Scop	1786	83
Sooty tern	Onychoprion fuscatus (Linnaeus, 1766)	TrO	Linn	1766	84
River tern	Sterna aurantia Gray, JE, 1831	OR	Gray	1831	85
Roseate tern	Sterna dougallii Montagu, 1813	Worldwide	Mont	1813	86
White-fronted tern	Sterna striata Gmelin, JF, 1789	AU	Gmel	1789	87
Black-naped tern	Sterna sumatrana Raffles, 1822	AU, AF, OR	Raff	1822	88
South American tern	Sterna hirundinacea Lesson, RP, 1831	SA	Less	1831	89
Common tern	Sterna hirundo Linnaeus, 1758	NA, PAL	Linn	1758	90
White-cheeked tern	Sterna repressa Hartert, EJO, 1916	AF, PAL	Hart	1916	91
Arctic tern	Sterna paradisaea Pontoppidan, 1763	NA, PAL	Pont	1763	92
Antarctic tern	Sterna vittata Gmelin, JF, 1789	SO	Gmel	1789	93
Kerguelen tern	Sterna virgata Cabanis, 1875	IO	Caba	1875	94
Forster's tern	Sterna forsteri Nuttall, 1834	MA, NA	Nutt	1834	95
Snowy-crowned tern	Sterna trudeaui Audubon, 1838	SA	Audu	1838	96
Black-bellied tern	Sterna acuticauda Gray, JE, 1831	OR	Gray	1831	97
Black-fronted tern	Chlidonias albostriatus (Gray, GR, 1845)	AU	Gray	1845	98
Whiskered tern	Chlidonias hybrida (Pallas, 1811)	AU, AF, OR, PAL	Pall	1811	99
White-winged tern	Chlidonias leucopterus (Temminck, 1815)	PAL	Temm	1815	100
Black tern	Chlidonias niger (Linnaeus, 1758)	NA, PAL	Linn	1758	101
Large-billed tern	Phaetusa simplex (Gmelin, JF, 1789)	SA	Gmel	1789	102
Inca tern	Larosterna inca (Lesson, RP & Garnot, 1827)	SA	Less	1827	103

Laridae genera

Genus + authority	spp	Br. range	au	yr	id	Comment
Anous Stephens, 1826	5	AO IO PO TrO	Step	1826	1
Gygis Wagler, 1832	1	TrO	Wagl	1832	2
Rynchops Linnaeus, 1758	3	OR NA AF MA SA	Linn	1758	3
Creagrus Bonaparte, 1854	1	SA	Bona	1854	4
Rissa Stephens, 1826	2	NA PAL	Step	1826	5
Pagophila Kaup, 1829	1	NA PAL	Kaup	1829	6
Xema Leach, 1819	1	NA PAL	Leac	1819	7
Chroicocephalus Eyton, 1836	11	AU NA AF PAL SA	Eyto	1836	8
Hydrocoloeus Kaup, 1829	1	PAL	Kaup	1829	9
Rhodostethia MacGillivray, W, 1842	1	NA PAL	MacG	1842	10
Leucophaeus Bruch, 1855	5	NA MA SA	Bruc	1855	11
Ichthyaetus Kaup, 1829	6	AF PAL	Kaup	1829	12
Larus Linnaeus, 1758	24	AU NA AF PAL MA SA	Linn	1758	13
Gelochelidon Brehm, CL, 1830	2	OR AU NA AF PAL MA SA	Breh	1830	14
Hydroprogne Kaup, 1829	1	OR AU NA PAL	Kaup	1829	15
Thalasseus Boie, F, 1822	8	OR AU NA AF PAL MA SA	Boie	1822	16
Sternula Boie, F, 1822	7	OR AU NA AF PAL MA SA	Boie	1822	17	See Bridge et al. (2005) for revision of tern genera.
Onychoprion Wagler, 1832	4	NA PO PAL TrO	Wagl	1832	18
Sterna Linnaeus, 1758	13	OR AU Worldwide SO NA AF IO PAL MA SA	Linn	1758	19
Chlidonias Rafinesque, 1822	4	OR AU NA AF PAL	Rafi	1822	20
Phaetusa Wagler, 1832	1	SA	Wagl	1832	21
Larosterna Blyth, 1852	1	SA	Blyt	1852	22