User:Kutchkutch/A

Jha
Jha
	[[File:{{{devaimg}}}\|100px\|Jha]]
Example glyphs
Tibetan	-
Tamil	-
Thai	ฌ
Malayalam	ഝ
Sinhala	ඣ
Ashoka Brahmi	𑀛
Devanagari
Properties
Phonemic representation	/d͡ʒʱ/
IAST transliteration	jha Jha
ISCII code point	BB (187)

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Jha is the ninth consonant of Indic abugidas. In modern Indic scripts, cha is derived from the Brahmi letter after having gone through the Gupta letter .

Āryabhaṭa numeration

Aryabhata used Devanagari letters for numbers, very similar to the Greek numerals, even after the invention of Indian numerals. The values of the different forms of झ are:^[1]

झ [d͡ʒʱə] = 9 (९)
झि [d͡ʒʱɪ] = 900 (९००)
झु [d͡ʒʱʊ] = 90,000 (९० ०००)
झृ [d͡ʒʱri] = 9,000,000 (९० ०० ०००)
झॢ [d͡ʒlə] = 9×10⁸ (९०^८)
झे [d͡ʒʱe] = 9×10¹⁰ (९०^१०)
झै [d͡ʒʱɛː] = 9×10¹² (९०^१२)
झो [d͡ʒʱoː] = 9×10¹⁴ (९०^१४)
झौ [d͡ʒʱɔː] = 9×10¹⁶ (९०^१६)

Devanagari script

In many languages, झ is pronounced as [d͡ʒʱə] or [d͡ʒʱ] when appropriate. In Marathi, झ is sometimes pronounced as [d͡zʱə] or [d͡zʱ] in addition to [d͡ʒʱə] or [d͡ʒʱ].

Bengali script

ঝ is used as a basic consonant character in all of the major Bengali script orthographies, including Bengali and Assamese.

References

^ Ifrah, Georges (2000). The Universal History of Numbers. From Prehistory to the Invention of the Computer. New York: John Wiley & Sons. pp. 447–450. ISBN 0-471-39340-1.

Kurt Elfering: Die Mathematik des Aryabhata I. Text, Übersetzung aus dem Sanskrit und Kommentar. Wilhelm Fink Verlag, München, 1975, ISBN 3-7705-1326-6
Georges Ifrah: The Universal History of Numbers. From Prehistory to the Invention of the Computer. John Wiley & Sons, New York, 2000, ISBN 0-471-39340-1.
B. L. van der Waerden: Erwachende Wissenschaft. Ägyptische, babylonische und griechische Mathematik. Birkhäuser-Verlag, Basel Stuttgart, 1966, ISBN 3-7643-0399-9
Fleet, J. F. (January 1911). "Aryabhata's System of Expressing Numbers". Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland: 109–126. ISSN 0035-869X. JSTOR 25189823. {{cite journal}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help)
Fleet, J. F. (1911). "Aryabhata's System of Expressing Numbers". The Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland. 43. Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland: 109–126. doi:10.1017/S0035869X00040995. JSTOR 25189823.

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[Ifrah-1] Ifrah, Georges (2000). The Universal History of Numbers. From Prehistory to the Invention of the Computer. New York: John Wiley & Sons. pp. 447–450. ISBN 0-471-39340-1.

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