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User:Kpalion/Old Polish cuisine

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Old Polish cuisine (Polish: kuchnia staropolska) is the cooking style typical for Polish culture in the early modern period, that is, approximately in the 16th–18th centuries.

Scholarship

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History

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Italianate Renaissance

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Sarmatian Baroque

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Saxon Carnival

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Stanislavian Enlightenment

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Standards of living

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Affordability level Social groups Meat and animal fats Fish Cereals and bread Fruits and vegetables Dairy Spices and other Beverages
Poor Landless peasants, petty nobility, town plebs Pork, once or twice a year Herrings, occasionally Dominant food group; bran, groats, unleavend flatbread; couch grass and mannagrass sometimes used as cereals Sorrel, goosefoot, nettle, forest berries, hazelnuts, acorns None Salt, sparingly Water, sometimes beer
Basic Largest share of the population: middle-income peasants, manor servants, low-income townfolk, lower nobility Pork, beef, poultry Herrings Dominant food group; groats and farinaceous dishes Cabbage, carrots, peas, flat beans, rutabagas, turnips, beets Milk, butter, cheese, eggs Salt Beer, vodka
Medium Affluent peasants, lower clergy, court servants, middle-income townsfolk and nobility Pork, beef, poultry; fairly large amounts of lard and suet Herrings Groats, bread, and farinaceous dishes Same as above, in larger quantities Same as above, in larger quantities Various spices Beer, vodka
Lordly Affluent nobility, higher clergy, town patriciate Plentiful and varied, three times the meat intake of an average modern Pole Herrings, crawfish Wheat bread and rolls, cakes, tortes Plentiful and varied, but mostly domestic Large amounts of butter and cream Pepper, saffron, almonds, cloves, cinnamon, ginger, truffles and king boletes Wine, sometimes mead
Luxurious Royal familiy and court, magnates, bishops Game, pheasants, grouses, fieldfares, oysters, escargots, frogs, turtles, etc. Carp, salmon, trout, sturgeon Same as above Exotic fruits, e.g., lemons, oranges, dates, figs, pineapples Same as above Same as above; also, cane sugar Expensive wines and mead

Eating habits

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Meals

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Etiquette

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Feasting and fasting

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Prince Sapieha's Easter banquet given during the reign of Vladislaus IV:

  • Four roasted wild boars stuffed with suckling pigs, ham, and sausages
  • Twelve roasted stags with gilded antlers, stuffed with hares, grouses, bustards, and ptarmigans
  • 52 large cakes and pies, including mazurkas, all richly decorated with dried fruits and nuts
  • 365 yeast cakes (babki)
  • Old Hungarian, Cypriot, Spanish, and Italian wines
  • 8,700 quarts of mead for the servants[1]

King Michael Korybut Wiśniowiecki's wedding with Eleonor Maria Josefa Habsburg in 1670:

  • 7,000 guests
  • 8 days
  • 500 elks
  • 100 stags
  • several dozens of wild boars
  • 400 oxen
  • 6,000 calfs
  • 4,000 rams
  • 4,000 lambs
  • 2,000 hares
  • 300 pheasants
  • 10,000 partridges
  • 12,000 turkeys
  • fruits and fruit preserves, jellies, marzipan, and other confectionery[2]

Jerzy Ossoliński's purely Polish banquet:[3]

Foreign ingredient Domestic substitute
Wine (for sauces) Cherry juice
Almonds Hazelnuts
Raisins Candied cherries and other fruits
Lemons Sour apples
Pepper and ginger Horseradish and mustard
Olives and capers Mushrooms
Wine vinegar Honey vinegar
Imported wines Beer, mead, Polish wines

Food and drink

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Cereals and breads

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Fruits and vegetables

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(including nuts and mushrooms)

Herbs and spices

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Meat

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Fish

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Dairy, eggs and fats

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Soups, sauces and condiments

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Confectionery

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Beverages

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References

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  1. ^ Lemnis, pp. 221–222
  2. ^ Bockenheim, p. 162
  3. ^ Lemnis, pp. 135–136

Sources

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Sources

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  • Bockenheim, Krystyna (1999). Przy polskim stole [At the Polish Table] (in Polish). Wrocław: Wydawnictwo Dolnośląskie. ISBN 83-7023-661-8.
  • Chwalba, Andrzej, ed. (2008). Obyczaje w Polsce: Od średniowiecza do czasów współczesnych [Customs of Poland: From the Middle Ages to Modern Times] (in Polish). Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN. ISBN 978-83-01-14253-7.
  • Dembińska, Maria (1999). Weaver, William Woys (ed.). Food and Drink in Medieval Poland: Rediscovering a Cuisine of the Past. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. ISBN 0-8122-3224-0.
  • Flandrin, Jean-Louis (2002). L'ordre des mets [Arranging the meal] (in French). Paris: Éditions Odile Jacob. ISBN 2-7381-1052-5.
  • Gołębiowski, Łukasz (1830). Domy i dwory [Houses and manors] (in Polish). Warszawa: N. Glücksberg.
  • Lemnis, Maria; Vitry, Henryk (1979). W staropolskiej kuchni i przy polskim stole [Old Polish Traditions in the Kitchen and at the Table] (in Polish). Warszawa: Interpress.
  • Łozińska, Maja; Łoziński, Jan (2013). Historia polskiego smaku: kuchnia, stół, obyczaje [History of the Polish Taste: Kitchen, Table, Customs] (in Polish). Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN. ISBN 978-83-7705-269-3.
  • Meyzie, Philippe (2010). L'alimentation en Europe à l'époque moderne [Food in Europe of the early modern period] (in French). Paris: Armand Colin. ISBN 978-2-200-25979-2.
  • Pasikowski, Jerzy (2010). "Wpływy kuchni innych narodów na kształt kuchni polskiej" [Influence of other nations' cuisines on the shape of Polish cuisine]. NewsGastro. Jerzy Pasikowski radzi (in Polish). AA Catering Maria Wieczorek. Retrieved 2015-04-10.