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User:Km14dv/Alzheimer's disease

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This is a copy of the section to be added.

Hi guys! I am copying the article on to this page so that we can post our edits and see what they will look like. Kl13ah123 (talk) 03:38, 4 November 2014 (UTC)


Communication

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Individuals with Alzheimer's disease are often faced with problems pertaining to communication. Although the individual cannot always effectively communicate, they still have needs for comfort, intimacy, and family involvement. Individuals should be included in conversations, even if they are unable to verbally contribute. There are a variety of reasons why this occurs and strategies to help make this as easy as possible for the individual Kl13ah123 (talk) 04:19, 4 November 2014 (UTC) Ek13ld (talk) 20:35, 4 November 2014 (UTC)

Communication Barriers

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Communication is a constant process between two or more individuals. Communication barriers become prevalent when individuals use their own values and previous experiences to interpret an individuals thoughts or behaviours [1] In health care settings, miscommunication often occurs between the family and the physician, as well as the individual with the disease and the physician. [2]. Communication barriers occurring between an individual with Alzheimer’s disease and physicians are not one sided, they are caused by different interpretations of the conversation and a lack of understanding [3].

Often times, communication barriers occur frequently when individuals with Alzheimer’s disease use formulaic language. Formulaic language is a string of words that have a general meaning or a holistic status[4]. Individuals with Alzheimer’s disease use formulaic language because it is connected to certain aspects of their past and acts as a patching mechanism [5]. As memory and cognitive ability decline, individuals use these general fillers to replace specific detasils that they are intellectually unable to express [6]. Formulaic language acts as a communication barrier because different individuals interpret it differently, which leads to confusion about the message being conveyed[7].

Formulaic language can also be used as a technique to improve communication. Health professionals must strive to interpret the meaning behind the use of this language. Specific pieces of information are extracted from the formulaic language and certain questions are then asked to build upon this information, which allows for a more clear understanding of the given information[8]. It is also important to involve the individual’s family in this process because they know most about their loved one and are often used to help decipher the relevance of specific phrases and filler words. [9]. Kl13ah123 (talk) 04:34, 4 November 2014 (UTC)

Nonverbal Communication Techniques

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The use of verbal communication is often challenging in Alzheimer’s disease. Individuals who have Alzheimer’s disease usually have trouble understanding and remembering certain words, and it can become more complex as the disease progresses. Nonverbal communication can be used to communicate with individuals who have Alzheimer’s disease because this type of communication mostly requires visual messages. Proper nonverbal communications are essential to help the individual’s ability to grasp information in communication. Making eye contact when communicating is important as it helps the individual to grasp information[10]. A calm and predictable environment is helpful for an individual who have Alzheimer’s disease as it helps him or her to focus while communicating[11]. Also, non-verbal communication such as rapid and unconscious movements may appear to be threatening for individuals who have Alzheimer’s disease[12]. Since an individual with this disease is often confused, communicating with the individual may require much more attention, repetition, and care[13].Klausa (talk) 03:06, 20 November 2014 (UTC)

Verbal Communication Techniques

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Communicating with an individual who have Alzheimers disease involves using certain verbal techniques to ensure that he or she is able to understand and comprehend to the best of his or her ability. Assessing hearing and vision of the person with Alzheimer’s disease is an important consideration in promoting good verbal communication[14]. An overlooked aspect of verbal communication is voice pitch or the tone of voice when communicating with Azlheimer's disease individuals because changing the pitch of a word can completely alter its meaning. Communicating with individuals who have Alzheimer's disease in a high pitch voice may indicate a false praise or sarcasm for him or her[15]. In addition, formulaic language is an effective communication technique used where specific words are utilized in order to promote learning and make communication more effective in individuals with the disease. It is also an important responsibility for the individual's caregivers and health professionals to inform him or her of every decision and action being made so they are not startled[16]. Ak13sn (talk) 22:25, 19 November 2014 (UTC)

Cognitive Disorders and It's Affect on Communication

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The cognitive effects of Alzheimer’s disease extend beyond memory loss to a deficit in overall functional communication. Alzheimer’s disease impairs an individual’s ability to think, and therefore affects his or her cognitive function. Since the disease causes memory loss, it also correlates to a decreased ability to communicate[17] . This decrease in communication proficiency can have a negative affect many aspects of an individual’s life, including the ability to talk to friends and family and maintain relationships with them [18]. It is important to follow guidelines for improving an individual's verbal and nonverbal communication in order for him or her to have the highest cognitive ability possible for the circumstance. Ek13ld (talk) 20:31, 4 November 2014 (UTC)

  1. ^ Wray, Alison (March 1st 2011). "Formulaic Language as a Barrier to Effective Communication with People with Alzheimer's Disease". Canadian Modern Language Review/ La Revue canadienne des langues vivantes. 67 (4): 429–458. doi:10.3138/cmlr.67.4.429. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  2. ^ Zarit, S., & Talley, R. (2013). Family Caregivers as Members of the Alzheimer’s Treatment Team. In Caregiving for Alzheimer's disease and related disorders: Research, practice, policy. New York: Springer.
  3. ^ Wray, A. (2011). Formulaic Language as a Barrier to Effective Communication with People with Alzheimer's disease. Canadian Modern Language Review/La Revue Canadienne Des Langues Vivantes, 67(4), 429-458. doi:10.3138/cmlr.67.4.429
  4. ^ Wray, A. (2002). Formulaic language and the lexicon. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. doi: 10.1017/CBO97B05115197772
  5. ^ Wray, A. (2011). Formulaic Language as a Barrier to Effective Communication with People with Alzheimer's disease. Canadian Modern Language Review/La Revue Canadienne Des Langues Vivantes, 67(4), 429-458. doi:10.3138/cmlr.67.4.429
  6. ^ Wray, A. (2011). Formulaic Language as a Barrier to Effective Communication with People with Alzheimer's disease.Canadian Modern Language Review/La Revue Canadienne Des Langues Vivantes, 67(4), 429-458. doi:10.3138/cmlr.67.4.429
  7. ^ Wray, A. (2011). Formulaic Language as a Barrier to Effective Communication with People with Alzheimer's disease. Canadian Modern Language Review/La Revue Canadienne Des Langues Vivantes, 67(4), 429-458. doi:10.3138/cmlr.67.4.429
  8. ^ Davis, B.H., & Maclagan, M. (2010). Pauses, fillers, placeholders and formulaicity in Alzheimer's discourse: Gluing relationships as impairment increases. In N. Amiridize, B.H. Davis, & M. Maclagan (Eds.), Fillers, pauses and placeholders (pp.189-215). Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
  9. ^ Zarit, S., & Talley, R. (2013). Family Caregivers as Members of the Alzheimer’s Treatment Team. In Caregiving for Alzheimer's disease and related disorders: Research, practice, policy. New York: Springer.
  10. ^ Hodgson, H (1995). Alzheimer's: Finding the words. Minneapolis: Chronimed.
  11. ^ Zarit, S; Talley, R (2013). Family Caregivers as Members of the Alzheimer’s Treatment Team. In Caregiving for Alzheimer's disease and related disorders: Research, practice, policy. New York: Springer.
  12. ^ Hummert, Mary Lee; Nussbaum, Jon F. (2001). Aging, Communication and Health: Linking Research and Practice for Successful Aging. London: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
  13. ^ Pfeiffer, E; Cairl, R; Middleton, L; Alexander, L; Kleine, E; Elbare, J (1989). Alzheimer's disease: caregiver practices, programs and community-based strategies. Tampa, Fla: Suncoast Gerontology Center, University of South Florida.
  14. ^ Hellen, Carly (1998). Alzheimer's Disease: Activity-Focused Care (2 ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. ISBN 0-7506-9908-6.
  15. ^ Hodgson, Harriet (1995). Alzheimer’s: finding the words. Minneapolis: Chronimed Publishing. ISBN 1565610717.
  16. ^ Wray, Alison (2011). "Formulaic Language as a Barrier to Effective Communication with People with Alzheimer's disease". Canadian Modern Language Review/La Revue Canadienne Des Langues Vivantes. 67 (4): 429–458. doi:10.3138/cmlr.67.4.429.
  17. ^ Kimbarow, M.L. (2011). The Dementias: An overview of Alzheimer's disease and related disorders. San Diego: Plural Publishing Inc. pp. 169–218.
  18. ^ Woodward, M. (2013). "Aspects of communication in Alzheimer's disease: Clinical features and treatment options". International Psychogeriatrics (25): 877–885.
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