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Armero

It is known more for its natural historical disaster.

Armero is a municipality that is characterized by its natural violent event or better, natural disaster, this city practically disappeared because of this event. Armero is located between the central mountain range of Colombia, in a valley that is formed by the Lagunilla, Coamo, Magdalena and Sabandija rivers. The municipality of Armero Guayabal limits to the north with Mariquita, to the south with the municipality of Lérida, to the east with Lebanon and to the east with the department of Cundinamarca. Much of the territory is made up of rural areas and villages. In addition to this, it is ensured that their lands are fertile and are dedicated to agricultural activities. Armero's climate is warm with an average temperature of 27 degrees Celsius.

Armero Before, During and After the Tragedy

Before

• Armero was a place of trade with inhabitants who prospered with Tolima's warm climate. It had its own market square, a beautiful royal street located on 11th, with a large weightlifting coliseum, which it was known for receiving great athletes, and with a beautiful white church located on the edge of the main avenue.
• It has always been an agricultural territory, first with cotton crops and now with rice, which its nickname was of the "White City".
• At the beginning of 1984, an increase in temperature began to be noticed in the volcano. Later, from December 1984, the peasants began to see the fish in the Otún, Recio and Lagunillas basins die.
• In addition, not only were large amounts of sulfur visible, but there were also small explosions that preceded a forest fire.
• On September 11, 1985, there was an eruption of gases and steam and rain that fell on nearby municipalities, just two months before the Armero tragedy.

During

On November 13, 1985

• 04:00 PM m. Ash begins to fall on the place.
• 06:00 PM m. A light drizzle falls on Armero.
• 7:00 p.m. m. The regional Red Cross begins to agree on a possible evacuation in Armero, Mariquita and Honda.
• 09:29 PM m. The Nevado del Ruiz volcano explodes. With this explosion, 2% of the ice crown is released.
• 9:30 p.m. m. Officials from Ingeominas, located at an altitude of 4,000 meters near the Paramo de Letras, reported the beginning of the eruption and recommended an evacuation.
• 09:33 PM m. The avalanche begins with a large wave of water from the ice that broke off from the summit of the volcano. This landslide subsequently causes the growth of the Lagunilla, Chinchiná, Gualí and Azufrado rivers, causing damage to 210 thousand hectares.
• 09:39 PM m. The water causes a second avalanche that carries with it mud, rocks, trees and everything in its path. Anzoátegui, Fresno, Chinchiná, Palestina, Villamaría, Falan, Casabianca, Herveo, Libanon, Murillo, Villahermosa, Ambalema, Armero, Honda, Lérida, Mariquita, Cambao, Guarinocito, Guayabal, Santuario and Santa Isabel are affected by the mud that traveled approximately 44 kilometers with a speed that reached 80 kilometers per hour.
• 09:49 PM m. Officials from the Civil Defense of Ibagué and Murillo try to contact the emergency system and authorities of Armero. Contact that could not be made.
• 10:40 p.m. m. The thaw reaches Chinchiná.
• 11:30 p.m. m. 350 million cubic meters of mud and stones fall, destroying Armero.

After

• Armero has been declared a holy field due to fact that the remains of die bodies could not be recovered due to the amount of mud and the magnitude of the catastrophe.
• With the Armero tragedy in 1985 around 23,000 people died or disappeared, which added up to 94% of the population. The other 6% was located in the Chinchiná region. The smoke and ashes rose up to 15 kilometers, leaving, in addition, more than 4,400 injured who were treated in hospitals in Cali, Medellín, Ibagué, Manizales, Pereira, Girardot and Armenia.
• Said smoke and ashes caused climatic changes in the region and alterations in the course of the Magdalena River. A total of 5,092 homes were destroyed, of which 4,718 were located in Armero and 374 in Chinchiná.
• The victims reached 230,000, the material losses were estimated between 35 thousand and 50 thousand million pesos.
• To help the victims, Resurgir was created, an entity that sought to regulate money and rebuild the disaster area, an entity that, according to prominent figures of the time, spent half of it on bureaucracy and expensive hiring of people they did not even know. the region.
• It should be noted that, in this process of rehabilitation of Armero, almost 65,000 direct victims arrived when Armero had 40,000 inhabitants and more than half were dead.
• Armero today can be a more productive area for agricultural development. But, these lands made up of mud from the time of 1500 must be managed in a special way, because the volcanic mud has provided Armero with chemical characteristics that limit its agricultural production, such as extreme acidity, a factor that is linked to the high percentage of sulfur that these soils have. It contributed over the years was consolidated into a beneficial mixture for the soil in the medium and long term due to the appreciable contribution of nutrients. The sulfur has caused soils to be very compacted, as they have low moisture retention, instability and erosion; besides to low concentrations of organic carbon.

Nowadays

After 35 years the tragedy, it caused by the eruption of the Nevado del Ruiz volcano, Armero has not been able to recover its economy and, now, faces the same inconvenience as the whole world, the pandemic caused by COVID-19, which has deepened the crisis due to the strong blow that tourism has received. However, in its places of interest people find a cemetery that is located where the city was before the tragedy of Armero, there the survivors have altars to their loved ones who died due to the natural tragedy of the Nevado del Ruiz Volcano, apart from the cemetery, people can not lose the fairs in honor of the Lord of Health and the municipal reign of folklore and agriculture in Armero. In the municipality people will find the Guayabanda orchestra which is a music group that is made up of inhabitants of the municipality of Armero or the folkloric dances of Armero, which is a group from Colombia that tours throughout the department of Tolima and all of Colombia exhibiting their art to every place they go.

References

• https://www.senalcolombia.tv/general/tragedia-de-armero-cronologia
• Rodríguez, S. (2017). Recuperación de la memoria en las ruinas de Armero. [Trabajo de grado]. Universidad la Gran Colombia.
• Contexto G. (2015). La ganadería es la principal actividad económica de Armero.
• https://colombiaextraordinaria.com/somos_colombia/turismo/municipios/Armero--Guayabal-