User:Karen365/sandbox

Dr. Haenn, please review this article on San Francisco.

Hi Tarenne, Great work here! I would second the feedback from Daniel and Shalor. Let's see if you can fit in some more specifics. One of the points that you raise is the city's location in global circuits has changed over time. The points that make SF a global city today are not the same as the points that made it a global city in the 1800s. San Francisco's changing global qualities might be an approach you want to take. Otherwise, I think you should revisit the definition of a global city. What makes a city "global"? The second sentence of that first paragraph is your strongest. Can you write more like that? The idea that global cities are characterized by a combination of immigrants and highly educated workers is interesting. Are immigrants the highly educated? Are the immigrants poorly educated and the highly educated tend to be native born? You'll want to sort out the comparison.

Finally, a note on writing. Remember to minimize the use of adjective such as: ever growing, always, ever increasing, constant, rapid. We talked in class about how these sorts of adjectives are often comparative. We only know what counts as "rapid" if we know what counts as "slow". If you have that measuring stick in mind, then tell your readers. Otherwise, I suggest avoiding these words.

Regards, Dr. Haenn

San Francisco as a Global City

According to academic Rob Wilson, San Francisco is an ever growing global city, a status that pre-dated the city's popularity during the California Gold Rush. Such cities are characterized by their ethnic clustering, network of international connectivity, and convergence of technological innovation. Global cities, such as San Francisco, are considered to be complex and always in motion, and they demand a high level of talent and large masses of low wage workers. This in turn creates a population of highly educated intellectuals and immigrants who both are drawn to the ever increasing number of opportunities available. Competition for these opportunities pushes constant growth and rapid adaptation in world centers.

Ethnic Clustering

Ethnic neighborhoods in San Francisco are common, and are where immigrants migrating into the city find refuge with other people who have also moved from their home country. Immigrant groups concentrate in these neighborhoods because of the rich social infrastructure and culture that is unavailable to them elsewhere in the country they move to. San Francisco has several prominent Chinese, Mexican, and Filipino ethnic neighborhoods including Chinatown and the Mission District. In a study of the immigrant clusters in the city, more than half of the Asian population in San Francisco is either Chinese born (40.3%) or Philippine born (13.1%), and of the Mexican population 21% were Mexican born, meaning these are people who recently immigrated to the United States. Between the years of 1990 and 2000, the number foreign born residents increased from 33% to nearly 40%. During this same time period, the San Francisco Metropolitan area received 850,000 immigrants, ranking third in the United States after Los Angeles and New York.

Technological Growth and Impact

San Francisco became a hub for technological driven economic growth during the internet boom of the 1990s, and still holds an important position in the world city network today. Intense redevelopment towards the "new economy" makes business more technologically minded. Between the years of 1999 and 2000, the job growth rate was 4.9%, creating over 50,000 jobs in technology firms and internet content production.

In the second technological boom driven by social media in the mid 2000s, San Francisco became a popular location for companies such as Apple, Google, Facebook and Twitter to base their tech offices and for their employees to live. Since then, tech employment has continued to increase. In 2014, San Francisco’s tech employment grew nearly 90% between 2010 and 2014, beating out Silicon Valley’s 30% growth rate over the same period.

The tech sector’s dominance in the Bay Area is globally recognized and continues to attract new businesses and young entrepreneurs from all over the globe. San Francisco is now widely considered the most important city in the world for new technology startups. A recent high of 7 billion dollars in venture capital was invested in the region. These startup companies hire a high concentration of bright intellectuals looking to work in the tech industry, and creates a city population of highly concentrated levels of intelligence. Over 50% of San Franciscans have a 4 year university degree, ranking the city among the highest levels of education in the country and world.

In the global economy, San Francisco’s diverse population is claimed to be one of its strongest assets. Just as in other global cities, the San Francisco economy relies on its polarized labor structure. This structure includes highly educated immigrants working in the high end occupational spectrum, such as the dot-com sector, as well as poorly educated, low skilled immigrants who work in the low paying service sector. The different ethnic communities within San Francisco gives the city connections to important markets around the world, and increases its global reputation. However, issues such as skyrocketing housing costs have caused much of the working and middle classes to be expelled from the city.

Technological Growth

San Francisco became a hub for technological driven economic growth during the internet boom of the 1990s, and still holds an important position in the world city network today. Intense redevelopment towards the "new economy" makes business more technologically minded. Between the years of 1999 and 2000, the job growth rate was 4.9%, creating over 50,000 jobs in technology firms and internet content production.

In the second technological boom driven by social media in the mid 2000s, San Francisco became a popular location for multinational companies such as Apple, Google, Facebook and Twitter to base their tech offices and for their employees to live. Since then, tech employment has continued to increase. In 2014, San Francisco’s tech employment grew nearly 90% between 2010 and 2014, beating out Silicon Valley’s 30% growth rate over the same period.

The tech sector’s dominance in the Bay Area is internationally recognized and continues to attract new businesses and young entrepreneurs from all over the globe. San Francisco is now widely considered the most important city in the world for new technology startups. A recent high of 7 billion dollars in venture capital was invested in the region. These startup companies hire a high concentration of bright intellectuals looking to work in the tech industry, and creates a city population of highly concentrated levels of intelligence. Over 50% of San Franciscans have a 4 year university degree, ranking the city among the highest levels of education in the country and world.

Immigrants in the Workforce

In the global economy, San Francisco’s diverse population is claimed to be one of its strongest assets. Just as in other global cities, the San Francisco economy relies on its polarized labor structure. This structure includes highly educated immigrants working in the high end occupational spectrum, such as the dot-com sector, as well as poorly educated, low skilled immigrants who work in the low paying service sector. The different ethnic communities within San Francisco gives the city connections to important markets around the world, and increases its global reputation. However, issues such as skyrocketing housing costs have caused much of the working and middle classes, including immigrants, to be expelled from the city.

Draft suggestions/notes

• The sourcing here is excellent - good job on finding sources!
• I would recommend some tweaks for flow. Avoid terms like "demand", big take-off" and "driven", as they tend to come across as buzzwords and on here are seen as a bit inherently promotional. I've bolded one sentence that needs to be re-written, as it just comes across as a little too buzzword-y.
  • An example of how to re-write something would be the lead sentence, "According to academic Rob Wilson, San Francisco is an ever growing Global City, a status that pre-dated the city's popularity during the California Gold Rush." This attributes the claim. Be careful about making absolute claims. By this I mean making blanket statements meant to cover an entire group of people. I would tweak things along these lines by saying things like "are considered to be" and "according to".
• I tweaked the sentence on the ethnic neighborhoods and put my changes in bold. The reason I tweaked this is that well-known and famous are sort of opinions - what is well-known and famous to one may not be to another. I changed this to prominent, as the neighborhoods are definitely prominent and visible.
• Be very careful with studies. Ideally you should only reference studies when they are covered in literature reviews or other works, as study results are considered to be primary sources. There's also somewhat of a concern of notability, by which I mean that a study that's covered in an independent secondary source is considered to be notable and pertinent whereas if I were to choose a study there could be questions about why I picked that study over others, if that makes any sense.
• Overall this is pretty good - most of what I have is more nitpicky than anything else. Shalor (Wiki Ed) (talk) 15:24, 7 November 2017 (UTC)
• On a side note - is this going to be a subsection or a new article? Either way, it wouldn't hurt to see if you can find more information that's more specifically on SF as a global city, as some of this could be seen as a bit general. (Sorry, that crossed my mind at the last minute.) Shalor (Wiki Ed) (talk) 15:28, 7 November 2017 (UTC)

For my suggestions I agree with Shalor in that you have to be careful with studies because they can often times can be bias without really knowing it because of the information that is being researched and what is being left out. Maybe try to add a bit more information that supports you claim aside from the work of one researcher. But overall i think you did a good job and with the minor adjustments that Shalor suggested you should be good. -Daniel

Peruvian Cuisine

In varying regions of Peru, modern consumption of certain foods such as guinea pig, or cuy, are viewed oppositely. In the Central Andes, it is considered a food source only in the indigenous diet and ritual (DeFrance). In the indigenous regions of Peru, it is an appetizing food item, whereas in the more modernized areas of Peru, it is not palatable. Societies that are split between rejecting a meat source versus favoring it are not very common.

The differences in socioeconomic status influence whether guinea pig is accepted or rejected within the diet. The social class of people within Peru has origins in race and historical influence. Within Peru, traces of colonial power and outside influence are deeply rooted. After the formal end of colonial rule in the 19th century and “white” control in the 20th century, racial categories such as Indians, mestizos (mestizajes), and whites were formed (Garcia, 2013). The different social statuses have a hand in determining what is “proper” to be consumed and what is considered lower class food. Typically, the “Indians” are the indigenous peoples who remain with tradition, and favor cuy. Mestizos are those who are “mixed”, which makes up the majority of the population. Whites, or those who aren’t as mixed, have different culinary practices than the indigenous and don’t incorporate guinea pig in their diets (DeFrance, 2006).

After being influenced by the global North for most of it's history, aspects of globalization can still be seen in Peruvian cuisine today.

Slight suggestions for tweaks

In varying regions of Peru, viewpoints towards modern consumption of certain foods such as guinea pig, or cuy, are split between rejecting or favoring the food, a viewpoint that is uncommon in many societies. In the Central Andes, it is considered a food source only in the indigenous diet and ritual, whereas in the indigenous regions of Peru, it is an appetizing food item. Conversely, the more modernized areas of Peru do not see it as a palatable food source.

Article Evaluation

Andean Music -The sections were a little widespread and could have used more evaluation per each topic. The sections were small and didn't have citations or much supporting evidence. -There are no references -The viewpoints are underrepresented, it looks like one person did the article -On the talk page, the author asks if anyone knows of any other Andean music groups that can be displayed on the wikipage

Globalization of Peruvian Cuisine

After being influenced by the global North for most of it's history, aspects of globalization can still be seen in Peruvian cuisine today. Food trends not only reflect the historical presence of other cultures, but can also reflect the class, social identity and ethnicity. Both traditional and modern groups still influence food as well.

In the early 1930s, food crisis plagued Peru because of the Great Depression and the government implemented Restaurantes Populares, which were restaurants run by the state to provide healthy and nutritious food to the popular classes. The foods that were provided in the restaurants shaped the foods that were possible to be made.

In regions of Peru, modern consumption of certain foods such as guinea pig, or cuy, are viewed differently. In the Central Andes, it is considered a food source in the indigenous diet and ritual (DeFrance). In other areas, guinea pig is seen as a domestic animal.

Working Population

San Francisco became a hub for technological driven economic growth during the internet boom of the 1990s, and still holds an important position in the world economy today. Intense redevelopment towards the "new economy" turned business to be more technologically minded. In regards to new technology startups, San Francisco is now widely considered to be the most important city in the world, especially for high valuation “unicorns” (McNeill, 2015). In the second boom driven by the tech industry focused on social media, San Francisco became a popular place for companies such as Apple, Google, and Twitter to base their tech offices ( ). In

With global links to other cities, such as New York and London, the Financial District connects San Francisco with the rest of the world. At the same time, San Francisco is becoming increasingly linked with Silicon Valley’s booming technologically based economy (Egan, 2006).

Both highly skilled and highly educated immigrants are relied upon for the high tech jobs due to the high level of jobs offered. Between the years of 1999 and 2000, there was a job growth rate of 4.9% in San Francisco. Much of this growth was in the business services, which includes technology firms which specialize in internet content production. The Financial district and the South of Market district are where these firms are typically based.