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History

Prehistoric and ancient history

In the Holocene era, the region that is now desert hosted savannah, grassland and wetland environments. In some places, woodlands were present. Artifacts, mostly tools, have been found in the region dating from 15,000 to 11,000 years ago.^[1] The earliest ceramics uncovered in Mongolia are from the Gobi region, dating about 7900 years ago.^[1]

The recently excavated cave of Chikhen Agui was continuously inhabited between 13,400 and 8700 years ago.^[1] In general, archeological that the Gobi region hosted bands of hunter-gatherers who shared technological traditions and body adornments with humans throughout Early and Middle Holocene Mongolia.Cite error: A <ref> tag is missing the closing </ref> (see the help page).. This helped to foster cultural exchange and economic development in the region.

The Mongol Empire

During the Mongol Empire, the Gobi Desert played a significant role in the empire's expansion and trade ^[2]. The Mongols used the desert as a base for their conquests and controlled the Silk Road, which passed through the region ^[3]. The Gobi Desert also served as a natural barrier that protected the Mongol Empire from foreign invasions ^[2]

Modern history

In more recent times, the Gobi Desert has been explored by European explorers and has seen the development of mining and other industries ^[4]. The region is rich in minerals, including coal, copper, and gold, and these resources have been exploited for many years ^[4]. However, there have been concerns about the environmental impact of these activities, and efforts have been made to balance economic development with conservation ^[4].

^ ^a ^b ^c Wright, J (2021). "Prehistoric Mongolian Archaeology in the Early 21st Century: Developments in the Steppe and Beyond". J Archaeol Res. 29: 431-479. doi:s10814-020-09152-y. {{cite journal}}: Check |doi= value (help)
^ ^a ^b "Mongol Empire". Encyclopedia Britannica.
^ Cite error: The named reference eb-silk-road was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ ^a ^b ^c Cite error: The named reference eb-gobi-desert was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[Wright-1] Wright, J (2021). "Prehistoric Mongolian Archaeology in the Early 21st Century: Developments in the Steppe and Beyond". J Archaeol Res. 29: 431-479. doi:s10814-020-09152-y. {{cite journal}}: Check |doi= value (help)

[eb-mongol-empire-2] "Mongol Empire". Encyclopedia Britannica.

[eb-silk-road-3] Cite error: The named reference eb-silk-road was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[eb-gobi-desert-4] Cite error: The named reference eb-gobi-desert was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

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