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User:Kansas Bear/List of Cossack raids

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This is an incomplete list of Cossack raids.

History

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During the 16th-17th century the Cossacks conducted many raids. The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, Crimean Khanate and Principality of Moldova,[1] were also subject to raids. The Crimeans themselves also enslaved Christian populations and sold them to the Ottomans. This mutual warfare between Cossacks and Tatars had existed for a long time in the steppes of southern Ukraine. However this changed when around 1570s[1] Cossacks started to use boats to cross the Black Sea and raid Ottoman coastal settlements, they even captured the Ottoman fortress of Azov in 1637 and held it for several years. The Cossack raids could involve around 40-80 chaikas, longboats, each having about 60 men.[2] The highpoint of the raids was between 1600 and 1620.[2] The Cossack raids resulted in diplomatic crisis's and sometimes war, such as the Ottoman-Polish war of 1620, between the Ottomans, Polish Commonwealth and Russian Tsardom. The Ottomans accused them of harboring the Cossacks. In response to Cossack raids, the Ottomans built more forts and patrolled more frequently with their fleet. There was a major battle between the Cossack and Ottoman fleet at Kara-Harman in 1625.[1]

Major naval raids

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The Cossacks directed their raids on coastal settlements around the Black Sea.
Ottoman miniature of 1592. Showing Ottoman troops in battle against the Cossacks, some of their longboats are depicted
Year Place Notes
1538 Ochakiv Ottoman fortress partly destroyed.[2]
1606 Varna[2] Devastated.[3]
1608 Perekop[2] Sacked.[4]
? Bilhorod[4] Sacked.[4]
? Braila[5] Sacked.[5]
? Isaccea[5] Sacked.[5]
? Bender[1]
? Samsun[5] Sacked.[5]
1609 Kilia[2] Sacked[2]
1609 Izmail[2] Sacked[2]
1609 Akkerman[2] Sacked[2]
1613 Sinop[3] Looted, Ottoman losses were millions of ducats.[2]
1615 Constantinople[2] Outlying suburbs were affected, ships burnt in the harbor.[4]
1615 Ochakov[3] Devastated.[3]
1616 Kaffa[2] Thousands of Christian slaves were freed.[2]
1616 Trabzon[3] Sacked.[4]
1620 Constantinople[2] Outlying suburbs were affected, ships burnt in the harbor.[4]
1621 Anchialos[6] Plundered.[6]
1624 Constantinople Coastal villages were sacked and burned near Yeniköy.[5]
1625 Trabzon[5] Sacked.[5]
1637 Azov Fortress captured and held till 1642.
1648 Sept. Poland Large group of Cossacks raid into Poland.[7]
1648 Lviv City under siege.[8]
1655 Lviv City under siege by Cossacks and Russians[9] until ransom of 50,000 zloties paid.[10]
1655 Lublin City captured by Cossacks and Russian.[9]
1655 Vilnius City captured by Cossacks and Russians. Thousands slaughtered.[11]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b c d Cossacks, Encyclopedia of the Ottoman Empire, ed. Gabor Agoston, (Infobase Publishing, 2009), 150.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Orest Subtelny, Ukraine: A History, 4th edition, (University of Toronto Press, 2005), 112.[1]
  3. ^ a b c d e John P. LeDonne, The Grand Strategy of the Russian Empire, 1650-1831, (Oxford University Press, 2003), 25.
  4. ^ a b c d e f Daniel Stone, The Polish-Lithuanian State, 1386-1795, (University of Washinton, 2001), 146.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i Caroline Finkel, Osman's Dream:The Story of the Ottoman Empire, (Hachette UK, 2012), 219-220.
  6. ^ a b J.P. Cooper, The Decline of Spain and the Thirty Years War, (CUP Archive, 1979), 636.
  7. ^ Cathal J. Nolan, Wars of the Age of Louis Xiv, 1650-1715, (Greenwood Publishing, 2008), 236.
  8. ^ Paul R. Magocsi, Galicia: A Historical Survey and Bibliographic Guide, (University of Toronto Press, 1983), 90.
  9. ^ a b Thirteen Years War (1654-67), Historical Dictionary of Medieval Russia, ed. Lawrence N. Langer, (Scarecrow Press, 2002), 219.
  10. ^ Brian Davies, Warfare, State and Society on the Black Sea Steppe, 1500–1700, (Routledge, 2007), 122.
  11. ^ Bernard Dov Weinryb, The Jews of Poland: A Social and Economic History of the Jewish Community in Poland from 1100-1800, (Jewish Publication Society, 1972), 183.


Category:Ukrainian Cossacks Category:Ukraine history-related lists Category:Ottoman Empire-related lists

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