User:Kanguole/MiddleChineseFinals
Appearance
Initials
[edit]Labials | Dentals and palatals |
Lateral | Dental sibilants |
Velars | Laryngeals | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Stops and affricates |
tenuis | p- | t-, tr-, tsy- | ts-, tsr- | k- | kw- | ʔ- | ʔw- | |
aspirate | ph- | th-, trh-, tsyh- | tsh-, tsrh- | kh- | khw- | ||||
voiced | b- | d-, dr-, dzy- | dz-, dzr- | g- | gw- | ||||
Nasals | m- | n-, nr-, ny- | ng- | ngw- | |||||
Fricatives | tenuis | sy- | s-, sr- | x- | xw- | ||||
voiced | zy- | z-, zr- | h- | hw- | |||||
Continuants | y- | l- |
Final classes
[edit]Coda | Reconstructed vowel | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Class | - | -j | -w | -m | -n | -ng | Karlgren | Hashimoto | Pulleyblank | Pan | Zhengzhang |
I inner | 侯 hóu | 東 dōng | ə̆, u | u | ow | u | u | ||||
模 mó | (灰 huī) | (魂 hún) | 冬 dōng | uo | o | ɔ, aw | o | uo | |||
咍 hāi | 覃 tán | 痕 hén | 登 dēng | ậ, ə | ə | ə | ə | ʌ, ə | |||
I outer | 歌 gē | 泰 tài | 豪 háo | 談 tán | 寒 hán | 唐 táng | â | ɑ | a | ɑ | ɑ |
IV outer | 齊 qí | 蕭 xiāo | 添 tiān | 先 xiān | 青 qīng | e | e | ɛ | e | e |
Coda | Reconstructed vowel | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Class | - | -j | -w | -m | -n | -ng | Karlgren | Hashimoto | Pulleyblank | Pan | Zhengzhang |
II outer | 江 jiāng | å | a | arw | ɤɔ | ɤʌ | |||||
麻 má | 夬 guài, 佳 jiā | 肴 yáo | 銜 xián | 刪 shān | 庚 gēng | a, ɐ | a[a] | ar | ɤæ | ɤa | |
II inner | 皆 jiē | 咸 xián | 山 shān | 耕 gēng | ă, ɛ | ɛ | ɛr | ɤɛ | ɤɛ |
Coda | Reconstructed vowel | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Class | - | -j | -w | -m | -n | -ng | Karlgren | Hashimoto | Pulleyblank | Pan | Zhengzhang |
III outer | 歌 gē | 廢 fèi | 嚴 yán | 元 yuán | 陽 yáng | â, ɐ, a | ɑ | ||||
麻 má | 祭 jì | 宵 xiāo | 鹽 yán (凡 fán) |
仙 xiān | 庚 gēng | a, ä, ɐ | a | ||||
III inner | 之 zhī | 微 wēi | 殷 yīn | ï, ĕ | ə | ɨ | |||||
支 zhī | 脂 zhī | 幽 yōu | 侵 qīn | 真 zhēn | 蒸 zhēng, 清 qīng |
ĕ, i, ə̆, ə | ɛ[b] | E, i | |||
III closed | 尤 yóu | 東 dōng | ə, u | u | uw | ɨ, u | ɨ, u | ||||
魚 yú | wo | y | ɨ | ɤ | ʌ > ɤ | ||||||
虞 yú | 鍾 zhōng | u, wo | o | u, uaw | o̝ | o |
All finals
[edit]Coda | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Class | - | -j | -w | -m | -n | -ng | |||
Qieyun | Rhyme tables | dep. | all | ||||||
I/IV | I inner | 模 mó | 侯 hóu | 覃 tán | 痕 hén | 登 dēng | 東 dōng, 冬 dōng | ||
I outer | 歌 gē | 泰 tài | 咍 hāi | 豪 háo | 談 tán | 寒 hán | 唐 táng | ||
IV outer | 齊 qí | 蕭 xiāo | 添 tiān | 先 xiān | 青 qīng | ||||
II | outer | 麻 má | 夬 guài | 佳 jiā, 皆 jiē |
肴 yáo | 咸 xián, 銜 xián |
刪 shān, 山 shān |
庚 gēng, 耕 gēng |
江 jiāng |
pure div. III | inner | 廢 fèi | 微 wēi | 幽 yōu | 殷 yīn | ||||
outer | 嚴 yán, 凡 fán |
元 yuán | 庚 gēng | ||||||
mixed div. III | inner | 之 zhī | 尤 yóu | 蒸 zhēng | 東 dōng, 鍾 zhōng | ||||
outer | 歌 gē, 麻 má |
陽 yáng, 清 qīng |
|||||||
chongniu | inner | 魚 yú, 虞 yú |
支 zhī, 脂 zhī |
侵 qīn | 真 zhēn | ||||
outer | 祭 jì | 宵 xiāo | 鹽 yán | 仙 xiān | |||||
III | inner | 魚 yú, 虞 yú |
廢 fèi | 微 wēi+之 zhī, 支 zhī, 脂 zhī |
幽 yōu+尤 yóu | 侵 qīn | 殷 yīn, 真 zhēn |
蒸 zhēng | 東 dōng, 鍾 zhōng |
outer | 歌 gē, 麻 má |
祭 jì | 宵 xiāo | 嚴 yán, 凡 fán, 鹽 yán |
元 yuán, 仙 xiān |
陽 yáng, 庚 gēng+清 qīng |
Notes
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Hashimoto (1966), p. 393.
- ^ Hashimoto (1966), p. 396.
Works cited
- Hashimoto, Mantaro (1966), Phonology of Ancient Chinese (PhD thesis), Ohio State University.
- Pan, Wuyun; Zhang, Hongming (2015), "Middle Chinese Phonology and Qieyun", in Wang, William S-Y.; Sun, Chaofen (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Chinese Linguistics, Oxford University Press, pp. 80–90, ISBN 978-0-1998-5633-6.
- Pulleyblank, Edwin G. (1984), Middle Chinese: a study in historical phonology, Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press, ISBN 978-0-7748-0192-8.
- Zhengzhang, Shangfang (2000), The Phonological system of Old Chinese, translated by Sagart, Laurent, Paris: École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales, ISBN 978-2-910216-04-7.