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KVA H1 Caen Landungsabschnitt JUNO: K.V.-Gruppe Courseulles
Part of AOK 7 - Basse Normamdie

Ring-Stand Vf 600v KwK - Type SK Casement
Date6 June 1944
Location
Courseulles-sur-Mer to Saint-Aubin-sur-Mer, Normandy
Result Canadian Bridgehead - Division Intermediate Objectives
Belligerents
Infantrie-Division 716. Canada 3rd Cdn Inf Div
Commanders and leaders
Generalleutnant Wilhelm Richter Canada MGen Rod Keller
Units involved
Grenadier-Regt 736./726.
Schwere-Artillerie Abteilung 989.
Panzerjäger-Abteilung 716.
Nazi Germany Panzerjäger-Abteilung 200.
Nazi Germany Panzergrenadier-Regt 192. Bn II		 7th Canadian Infantry (Assault) Brigade
8th Canadian Infantry (Assault) Brigade
9th Canadian Infantry Brigade
2nd Canadian Armoured Brigade
United Kingdom Elements 79th Armoured Division
Strength
Two Gren-Regt Batallions
Batallion Schwere-Artillerie
One Panzerjäger Batallion
One Panzergrenadier Batallion		 Three Infantry Brigades
One Armoured Brigade
Four Artillery Regiments
One UK (RM) Commando
Naval Task Force 'J'
Batteries (RM) Centaur

On 6th June 1944 Wehrmacht Heeren forces in Basse Normandie: Calvados-Baie de Seine were responsible for two Küsten Verteidigung Abschnitt - Divisional Coastal Defensive Sections: 7 KVA ‘H1’ Caen and 7 KVA ‘H2’ Bayeux. Fighting with allocated LXXXIV Korps resources, responsible for tactical situation in KVA Caen was Infanterie-Division 716., [1] a Coastal Static Division (Mobilization Welle 15). [2] Having the task of defeating landings, [3] it first manned an extended line of defensible posts, along its assigned 47 km of Normandy Coast and then positioned all resources then available above the Coastal Plain. [4] This 'split' the Division across two Regimental Coastal Defensive Sections: on the left would be fighting Küsten Verteidigungs Gruppe Courseulles and on the right Küsten Verteidigungs Gruppe Riva-Bella.

Landing-Site JUNO: Stutzpunkte und Widerstandnesten


The Design

[edit]

Across the JUNO Sector, the Atlantikwall Frankreich (Basse Normandie) saw only two levels of fortification: Feltmessige Anlage (Fa): Type 1 - Field Works, and Verstärkt Feltmessig (Vf): Type 2 – Reinforced Concrete, at one Strongpoint (Stutzpunkte - StP.) and nine Resistance Nests (Widerstandnesten - WN). [5][6] This in addition to mining the beach foreshore, and setting out back-shore obstacles of three principal types: "herissons" Czech hedgehog, Element "C" Belgian de Cointet Gates, and (mined) timber stakes. [7]

The Stützpuntkte (StP.) - Strongpoint at Courseulles-sur-Mer, was a complex of three fortified positions, strengthened by numerous standard concrete fortifications, defending entry into the River Seulles. The strong-point layout, astride the river, followed no particular design, established on the basis of weapons available, the terrain features of the beach front, and troops to occupy.[8] The concrete fortifications - casemates were supported by earthen entrenchments, [9] in which mortars and heavy machine guns were emplaced, its two principal resistance positions manned by about 30-50 men, intended to fight under independent command, for an extended period of time. [10]

The Widerstandnesten (WN) - Resistance Nests were smaller defensible localities, incorporating one or two concrete gun casemates, with observation and fighting positions, dominating the beaches, intended to deny landings or holding key terrain. [11] In the JUNO Sector, two strong WNs were located within the immediate setting of the beach-front towns, (WN 27 and WN 28) they the core of the eastern flank defence, causing more losses to the Canadians, than the inland defenders.[12][13]

Deny Landing

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K.V.-Gruppe Courseulles, on the Seine Bucht, was not equally resourced as it was thought that four off-shore reefs (Les Roches de Ver, Les Iles de Bernieres, Les Roches de Lion, and Les Essarts de Langrune) would impede any landing; landings thus considered quite improbable. [14][15] The defence of the immediate Courseulles, Coastal Defence Area among many things, called first on Bataillon II./Grenadier-Regiment 736, isolated in fixed fortifications, hoping to 'hold' what became five beaches of The JUNO Sector, fighting as a key component of Küsten Verteidigung Unterabschnitt Gruppe Seulles. [16][17] On its left, its companies deployed forward Osten-Batallion 441, arriving late into the Sector and not well resourced, was assigned to K.V.U.-Gr Meuvaines. [18][19]

JUNO Stutzpunkte StP. Courseulles on 6 June 1944

K.V.U.-Gr Seulles

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Against four Canadian landings, Grenadier-Regiment 736. deployed two light companies: Kompanie 5./ II 736., divided between Saint Aubin-sur-Mer (WN 27) and Bernières-sur-Mer (WN 28), and Kompanie 6./ II 736., fighting the three WNs at Strongpoint Courseulles-sur-Mer. [20] These two companies would be fighting with anti-tank weapons taken from Poland, France and Czechoslovakia, and platoons manned with Polish nationals (Volksdeutsche), Germans not fit for regular service, and Russian Hilfswilliger. [21][22] The Batallion II./736 Headquarters - HQ Stab. Gefechtsstand was positioned to the rear of its rifle companies at the Chateaux de Tailleville .

Town Objective K.V.U.-Gruppe Seulles Support
Saint-Aubin-sur-Mer WN 27 Züg+Stab - Kompanie 5./ Batn II. / Gren-Regt 736. Granatenwerfer x3 Gruppen
Bernières-sur-Mer WN 28 - La Cassine Züg+ - Kompanie 5./ Batn II. / Gren-Regt 736. Granatenwerfer x2 Gruppen
Bernières-sur-Mer West WN 28b Trupp - Kompanie 5./ Batn II. / Gren-Regt 736. N/A
StP. Courseulles East WN 29 - La Cité Züg+ - Kompanie 6./ Batn II. / Gren-Regt 736. Granatenwerfer Trupp
StP. Courseulles South WN 30 - Le Château Stabs-Züg Kompanie 6./ Batn II. / Gren-Regt 736. Ko Granatwerfer Schutzenloch
StP. Courseulles West WN 31 - La Platine Züg+ - Kompanie 6./ Batn II. / Gren-Regt 736. Granatenwerfer Trupp

K.V.U.-Gr Meuvaines

[edit]

Tasked to deny any landings, Grenadier-Regiment 726. commanded one light rifle company: Kompanie 7./ II 736., sited at Strongpoint Ver-sur-Mer (WN 33), fighting away from its Batallion/Regiment, [23] and deployed forward three companies of Ost-Battalion 441 (Ukrainian). [24] Its Kompanie 1. (Ukrainer-Kp. 52) at Hameau de Vaux (WN 33a), Kompanie 4. South of Ver-sur-Mer and Kompanie 3. West of Ver-sur-Mer. [25][26][27] The Batallion II./726 Headquarters - HQ Stab. Gefechtsstand was positioned forward of its four rifle companies at Saint-Croix-sur-Mer .

Town Objective K.V.U.-Gruppe Meuvaines Support
Graye-sur-Mer - Hameau de Vaux WN 33a / Breche Le Buisson Züg - Kompanie 1./ Ost.Bataillon 441. Züg - 14 (PaK) Ko./ GR 726.
Graye-sur-Mer - Hameau de Vaux Château - Aerium de Graye Stabs-Züg Ko 1./ Ost.Bataillon 441. Züg - 14 (PaK) Ko./ GR 726.
Graye-sur-Mer Est Les Ponts sur Seulles Züg - Kompanie 1./ Ost.Bataillon 441. Züg - Kompanie 2. (StuG)/ Pz.Jg-Abt 716.
Reviers Nord: Les Corfolands D170 South - Hohe 30 Züg - Ko 2./ Ost-Bataillon 441. (Les Rotys) Züg - Kompanie 2. (StuG)/ Pz.Jg-Abt 716.
Reviers Est: Clos des Monts D170 South - Hohe 18 GHQ Schwere-Artillerie-Abteilung 989. Heeresgruppe-Reserve: Gefechtsstand

Disrupt Consolidation

[edit]

Beyond any Canadian foothold, the containment in the coastal zone would have to rely on Bataillon II./Grenadier-Regiment 726., Northeast of Creully, Panzerjäger-Abteilung 200., Northwest of Carpiquet, and Bataillon II./Panzergrenadier-Regiment 192., North of Caen. [28][29] Beyond local counterattacks, Infanterie-Division 716., could only bring forward Kompanie 7. / II 192. / PzD.21., first located at Périers-sur-le-Dan, south of Plumetot, and Kompanie 5./ Sturmgeschütz-Abt 200. / Pz.Div.21., moved up from Cambes-en-Plasne at Epron, to help contain The Canadians. [30][31]

K.V.-Gr Courseulles

[edit]

While the five Canadian landings at Juno Beach were reinforced, not being affected by localized counter-moves, the Canadians (hochbewerteten) brought forward the fight to K.V.-Gruppe Courseulles having to now 'defend' against two infantry brigade groups. [32] At the eastern end of the Canadian landings, they were now free to make a run for the Château de Tailleville, and down into Beny-sur-Mer. [33] At the western end, Ost-Batallion 441 not having fought well, the Canadians would soon get into open ground moving astride The Seulles [34][35]

Town Objective K.V.-Gruppe Seulles Details
Château de Tailleville WN 23 Gefechtsstand Batallion II. / Grenadier-Regiment 736. Stabs-Kompanie (Plus)
StP. Douvres I / II Nachtjagd JaFü Station: Diestelfink 8. Kompanie / II. Abteilung / LN Regiment 53. Kompanie 11./ Batallion III./ GR. 736.
Beny-sur-Mer North Les Ruines Saint-Ursin Kompanie 8. / Reserve Batallion II. / GR 736. Züg - Ko 2. (StuG)/ Pz.Jg-Abt 716.
Beny-sur-Mer West WN 28a Le Moulin Batterie 7. (Resi). / Bataillon II. / 1716 AR. Four 100mm le.F.H14/19(t) Howitzers
Anisy Zug - Ko 3 (FlaK). / Pz.Jg-Abtl 716. Static FlaK Mounted on Trailers 2 cm Flak 30/38/Flakvierling
Town Objective K.V.-Gruppe Meuvaines Details
Reviers Le Pont sur La Mue Kompanie 2. (StuG) / Pz.Jg-Abt.716. Gefechtsstand Stabs-Zug
Sainte-Croix-sur-Mer La Ville (Gefechtsstand) Bataillon II. / Grenadier-Regiment 726. Stabs-Kompanie
South of Sainte-Croix Le Pont de Reviers Bataillon II. / Grenadier-Regiment 726. Kompanie 7. West of Banville
Colombiers-sur-Seulles The D12 - Tierceville (SW) Bataillon II. / Grenadier-Regiment 726. Kompanie 5. East of Tierceville
Creully: East of La Seulles Batterie 3. / GHQ Sch.Art.Abt 989. x4 12.2 cm sFH 396(r) Howitzers M1938 M-30 Towed (Russian)
Amblie: East of The Seulles Batterie 2. / GHQ Sch.Art.Abt 989. x4 12.2 cm sFH 396(r) Howitzers M1938 M-30 Towed (Russian)

Panzer-Division 21.

[edit]

With a cadre of veterans drawn from the Eastern Front, Pz.Div.21 was reconstituted on 15 July 1943, in Brittany; its ranks filling with conscripts from Germany. While deemed unfit for service on the Eastern Front, it departed France in March 1944 to take part in the military occupation of Hungary. Returned to Brittany, on April 26th, 1944, in mid-May it moved to positions at Caen. [36][37] The Division began D-Day with its motorized infantry committed to Infanterie-Division 716., dispersed across the northern approaches to Caen, under strict orders not to ‘commit’ (further) forces without orders from Army Group B. [38] Panzer-Grenadier-Regiment. 192 (mot.), having previously deployed its II. Batallion. (mot) on the Northwest approach above Caen, with its Stab at Le Mesnil and Stabs-Kompanie at Villons-les-Buissons (from 13 May). [39]

Town Objective Panzer-Division 21. Details
Creully: La Ville Le Pont: Hohe 14. Panzerpionier-Battalion 220. Pi Kompanie 3. (Mot.) /220
Camilly Pz.Jg.Ko 3.sfl / Pz.Jg.-Abtl. 200 SW of Thaon / NW of Cairon x4 88 mm sPaK 43/41
Le Lieu Maillot Pz.Jg.Ko 1.sfl / Pz.Jg.-Abtl. 200 Moved North: Overlooking Cully x4 88 mm sPaK 43/41
Northwest: Colomby-sur-Thaon Batterie 3. SPW / Bataillon I. Panzer-Artillerie-Regiment. 155 x4 12,2 cm sFH 396(r) Heavy
North of Epron Kompanie 5.mot / Bataillon II. Panzergrenadier-Regiment 192. Stab: Chateau la Londe
Villons-les-Buissons Stabskompanie Bataillon II. Panzergrenadier-Regiment 192. Stab: Chateau le Mesnil
Buron Kompanie 6.mot / Bataillon II. Panzergrenadier-Regiment 192. First Location D-Day
Putot-en-Bessin Pz.Jg.Ko 2.sfl / Pz.Jg.-Abtl. 200 Moved North: Vallee de la Thue x4 88 mm sPaK 43/41

The Counter-Move

[edit]

It's commander absent, (Generalmajor Edgar Feuchtinger in Paris) and the tactical situation unclear, Panzer-Division 21., [40] was not able to confirm orders and finalize regrouping, for any action, before 17h00. When ordered three counter thrusts were attempted, East of The Orne: Kampfgruppe Von Luck, West of The Orne: Panzerkampfgruppe Oppeln, and North of Caen: Kampfgruppe Rauch.

Juno-Sword Gap - Kampfgurppe (Pzr-Grn-Regt 192) KGr Rauch

Ordered north of Caen, Kampfgruppe: Panzer-Grenadier-Regiment 192. Oberst Josef Rauch was to prevent a link-up of the CA JUNO and UK SWORD landings. [41] Avoiding the front of the leading Canadian units, KGr Rauch moved up with Stp Douvres-la-Deliverande securing its left flank, [42] moving via Mathieu, west of Plumetot, and Cresserons it was able to reach the coast west of Lion-sur-Mer by 20h00. Linking with Kompanie 11. / Battalion III. / Gren-Regt 736., which was still holding its positions south of the village, [43][44] with the landing of the British 6th Airlanding Brigade, to its rear, KGr Rauch was ordered to withdraw to Saint-Contest-Cussy, leaving elements of Battalion I./192., at La-Delivrande. [45]

Kampfgruppe Rauch Manning Details
Battalion I. /192., .. ..
Kompanie 9.(s.IG)/192. .. ..
Kompanie 10.(Werfer)/192. .. ..
Bataillon II./ Panzer-Artillerie-Regiment 155. .. ..
Kompanie 2./Panzer-Pionier-Bataillon 220. .. ..

At days end, Infanterie-Division 716., of its 'six' battalions there remained Gren-Regt 736./Bn III. (UK Sword) - at less than 20% casualties); all others were remnants, the artillery had been reduced to 20% of its initial strength, there were six guns left, they west of The Orne, and five or six guns east of The Orne. Anti-tank elements had lost 75% of their strength, anti-aircraft elements (Kp 3./716.) about 66% and all other units about 33%.[46]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ LXXXIV Armee-Korps on the Cotentin Peninsula – 6th to 9th June 1944. See: https://chefdesstabes.wordpress.com/the-response-of-lxxxiv-armee-korps-to-the-allied-amphibious-landings-at-7-armee-kva-kusten-verteidigung-abschnitt-divisional-costal-defensive-section-j1-utah/ Accessed 20.02.2K18
  2. ^ The Battle of the 716th Infantry Division in Normandy, Wilhelm Richter, 1947. US Army Europe MS #B-621 / Guide to Foreign Military Studies: NARA M1035. Pg8.Para1. See: https://www.fold3.com/image/153801358 Accessed 03.08.2K16
  3. ^ Capt. A.G. Steiger, Report No. 41 - Historical Section (G.S.) Army Headquarters. The German Defences in the Courseulles-St.Aubin Area of the Normandy Coast: Information from German Sources. Para 15.– Page 5. Dated 20 Jul 51
  4. ^ Stewart Bryant, Jewish Virtual Library, History - World War Two D-Day - German Infantry at Omaha. See: http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/ww2/germandef.html Accessed 22.05.2016
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  7. ^ Major J.R. Martin, Report No. 147 - Historical Section, Canadian Military Headquarters. Canadian Participation in the Operations in North-West Europe, 1944. Part 1: The Assault and subsequent operations of 3 Cdn Inf Div., Page 58-Para 85. Dated 3 Dec 45
  8. ^ Chris McNab (Ed), Hitler's Fortresses: German Fortifications and Defences 1939-45, Page 853/2001. Osprey Publishing GB: Oxford UK / New York NY, 2014. ISBN 978 1 78200 828 6. Accessed 17.06.2KI6
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  14. ^ The Battle of the 716th Infantry Division in Normandy, Wilhelm Richter, 1947. US Army Europe MS #B-621 / Guide to Foreign Military Studies: NARA M1035. Pg15. See: https://www.fold3.com/image/153801700 Accessed 03.08.2K16
  15. ^ Capt. A.G. Steiger, Report No. 41 - Historical Section (G.S.) Army Headquarters. The German Defences in the Courseulles-St.Aubin Area of the Normandy Coast: Information from German Sources. Page5.Paras 13./14. Dated 20 Jul 51
  16. ^ Capt. A.G. Steiger, Report No. 41 - Historical Section (G.S.) Army Headquarters. The German Defences in the Courseulles-St.Aubin Area of the Normandy Coast: Information from German Sources. Para 4. / Page 1. Dated 20 Jul 51
  17. ^ Marc Laurenceau, DDay – Overlord. Encyclopédie du débarquement et de la bataille de Normandie: 716ème division d’infanterie allemande :Ordre de bataille – 1er juin 1944. See: http://www.dday-overlord.com/bataille-normandie/forces/allemagne/ordre-716-infanterie-division Accessed 26.07.2K16
  18. ^ Capt. A.G. Steiger, Report No. 41 - Historical Section (G.S.) Army Headquarters. The German Defences in the Courseulles-St.Aubin Area of the Normandy Coast: Information from German Sources. Page 15.- Para 27. Organization and Appx C/D. Dated 20 Jul 51
  19. ^ Static Divisions, Mark D., Posted 21.04.2006. See: http://www.feldgrau.net/forum/viewtopic.php?t=19327 Accessed 24.05.16
  20. ^ Capt. A.G. Steiger, Report No. 41 - Historical Section (G.S.) Army Headquarters. The German Defences in the Courseulles-St.Aubin Area of the Normandy Coast: Information from German Sources. 716 Inf Div 6 Jun 44 Initial Situation. Appendix "D". Dated 20 Jul 51
  21. ^ Major J.R. Martin, Report No. 147 - Historical Section, Canadian Military Headquarters. Canadian Participation in the Operations in North-West Europe, 1944. Part 1: The Assault and subsequent operations of 3 Cdn Inf Div., Para 83.- Page 56 (3 Cdn Div - Int Summary). Dated 3 Dec 45
  22. ^ 716.Infanterie-Division in Normandy 6th June 1944. Note A Page 1/10 See: http://www.fireandfury.com/orbats/late716infantriedivdday.pdf Accessed 25.04.16
  23. ^ Capt. A.G. Steiger, Report No. 41 - Historical Section (G.S.) Army Headquarters. The German Defences in the Courseulles-St.Aubin Area of the Normandy Coast: Information from German Sources. 716 Inf Div 6 Jun 44 Initial Situation. Appendix "D". Dated 20 Jul 51
  24. ^ feldgrau.net, Ost-Bataillon 441. Post by Lorenz, Wed Apr 13, 2005 6:14 am, Moderator: Tom Houlihan. See: https://www.feldgrau.net/forum/viewtopic.php?t=14842 Accessed 02.02.2K18
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  31. ^ Capt. A.G. Steiger, Report No. 41 - Historical Section (G.S.) Army Headquarters. The German Defences in the Courseulles-St.Aubin Area of the Normandy Coast: Information from German Sources. Page 15.- Para 27. Organization and Appx C/D. Dated 20 Jul 51
  32. ^ Capt. A.G. Steiger, Report No. 50 - Historical Section (G.S.) Army Headquarters. The Campaign in North-West Europe: Information from German Sources, Part II: Invasion and Battle of Normandy (6 Jun - 22 Aug 44) Para 29.– Page 17 (Richter). Dated 14 Oct 52
  33. ^ C.P. Stacey, The Victory Campaign: The Operations in North-West Europe, 1944–45, Vol. III, Official History of the Canadian Army in the Second World War (Ottawa: Queen's Printer, 1960), Page 109
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  35. ^ Marc Laurenceau, DDay – Overlord. Encyclopédie du débarquement et de la bataille de Normandie : 716ème division d’infanterie allemande: Ordre de bataille – 1er juin 1944. See: http://www.dday-overlord.com/bataille-normandie/forces/allemagne/ordre-716-infanterie-division Accessed 26.07.2K16
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  37. ^ Marcus Wendel, Axis History (AHF), 21. Panzer-Division, Posted: 08 December 2011, Updated: 19 May 2013. From: Werner Kortenhaus, 21.Panzerdivision 1943-1945 (2007) and Jean-Claude Perrigault, 21 Panzer Division: Normandy, Tarnopol, Arnhem ( 2002) See: http://www.axishistory.com/about-ahf/news/150-germany-heer/heer-divisionen/4031-21-panzer-division Accessed 06.08.2K16
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  40. ^ Mitcham, Samuel W., Defenders of Fortress Europe: The Untold Story of the German Officers During the Allied Invasion. Potomac Books, Inc., Washington D.C., 2009. Page 37.
  41. ^ D-Day Overlord: The Battle of Normandy, Ground Forces - Germany: OoB 21st Panzerdivision See:http://www.dday-overlord.com/eng/21_panzerdivision_ob.htm Accessed 27.05.16
  42. ^ Kampfgruppe Rauch Attacks. See: http://www.flamesofwar.com/Portals/0/Documents/Scenarios/Kampfgruppe-Rauch.pdf Accessed 27.05.16
  43. ^ John Barratt, The Normandy Campaign: Sword Beach, 2000. See: http://forum.axishistory.com/viewtopic.php?t=162043&start=315 Accessed 28.05.16
  44. ^ Ford, Ken, and Gerrard, Howard, D-Day 1944. Oxford: Osprey 2014. Page 13. ISBN 9781846035678
  45. ^ Mark Milner, Canadian Military History, Sept 2012, ‘No Ambush No Defeat Essays In Honour Of Terry Copp’, Page 6/31. See: http://www.canadianmilitaryhistory.ca/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/milner-no-ambush-no-defeat-essays-in-honour-of-terry-copp-Sept-2012.pdf Accessed 29.05.16
  46. ^ Capt A.G. Steiger, Report No. 50 - Historical Section (G.S.) Army Headquarters. The Campaign in North-West Europe: Information from German Sources. Part II: Invasion and Battle of Normandy (6 Jun - 22 Aug 44), Page 18.- Para 30., (Richter Narrative) - Casualties of 716 Inf Div. Dated 14 Oct 52

Historical Sources

[edit]
  • Major J.R. Martin, Report No. 147 - Historical Section, Canadian Military Headquarters. Canadian Participation in the Operations in North-West Europe, 1944. Part 1: The Assault and subsequent operations of 3 Cdn Inf Div. Dated 3 Dec 45
  • Capt. A.G. Steiger, Report No. 40 - Historical Section (G.S.) Army Headquarters. The Campaign in North-West Europe: Information from German Sources. Part I: German Preparations in The West. Dated 28 Apr 51
  • Capt. A.G. Steiger, Report No. 41 - Historical Section (G.S.) Army Headquarters. The German Defences in the Courseulles-St.Aubin Area of the Normandy Coast: Information from German Sources. 716 Inf Div 6 Jun 44 - Initial Situation. Dated 20 Jul 51
  • Capt. A.G. Steiger, Report No. 50 - Historical Section (G.S.) Army Headquarters. The Campaign in North-West Europe: Information from German Sources. Part II: Invasion and Battle of Normandy (6 Jun - 22 Aug 44). Dated 14 Oct 52
  • Lt. R.H. Roy, Report No. 54 - Historical Section (G.S.) Army Headquarters. Canadian Participation in the Operations in North-West Europe, 1944. Part 1: The Assault and subsequent operations of 3 Cdn Inf Div. Dated 30 Jun 52
  • Kampf Der 716.Division in der Normandie, Generalleutnant Richter, Wilhelm. Allendorf, den 31 Mai 1947. The Battle of the 716th Infantry Division in Normandy, Wilhelm Richter, 1947. US Army Europe: Manuscript No. B-621 / WWII Foreign Military Studies 1945-54: NARA M1035.

On-Line Sources

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  • Richard Drew's Site http://www.atlantikwall.co.uk/ Atlantikwall: WW2 Defences from 1941-1944, France: AOK 7 Normandie., by individual page, provides good detail of the JUNO WNs in this article. The lists are quite definitive and this site is a very valuable resource.
  • Marc Laurenceau's Site 'Encyclopédie du débarquement et de la bataille de Normandie' (the French version) at http://www.dday-overlord.com offers most comprehensive lists of details, of the JUNO WNs, without a lot of context, and on all things D-Day.

Book Sources

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  • Richard C. Anderson's Book: Cracking Hitler's Atlantic Wall: The 1st Assault Brigade Royal Engineers on D-Day, in his Chapter 4: German Planning and Preparation, very well identifies by JUNO WN the detail of the weapons at each JUNO WN, on the seawall and inland.
    • Anderson, Richard C., Cracking Hitler's Atlantic Wall: The 1st Assault Brigade Royal Engineers on D-Day, Stackpole Books, Mechanicsburg, PA., 2010, ISBN 9780811742719.
  • Chris McNab's Book: Hitler's Fortresses: German Fortifications and Defences 1939-45, offers complete detail of the design and engineering of Atlantic Wall works found on JUNO Beach.
    • McNab, Chris (Ed), Hitler's Fortresses: German Fortifications and Defences 1939-45, Osprey Publishing GB: Oxford UK / New York NY, 2014. ISBN 9781782008286.
  • Stacey, C. P. Orig-year=1960 (1966). The Victory Campaign, 1944–1945 (PDF). Official History of the Canadian Army in the Second World War. Vol. III. Ottawa: The Queen's Printer. OCLC 317692683. Retrieved 26 July 2016.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)


Category:Operation Neptune Category:1944 in France Category:Battles and operations of World War II involving Germany Category:Battles of World War II involving Canada Category:Invasions by Canada Category:Military history of Canada during World War II

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