User:JustinePorto/Public toilets in the Marshall Islands
| Public toilets in the Marshall Islands | |
|---|---|
| Language of toilets | |
| Local words | WC |
| Men's toilets | Men |
| Women's toilets | Women |
| Public toilet statistics | |
| Toilets per 100,000 people | ??? (2021) |
| Total toilets | ?? |
| Public toilet use | |
| Type | Western style sit toilet |
| Locations | ??? |
| Average cost | ??? |
| Often equipped with | ??? |
| Percent accessible | ??? |
| Date first modern public toilets | ??? |
| . | |
Public toilets in the Marshall Islands were originally largely constructed by the US military and maintained by locals. Open defecation is practiced in the Marshall Islands but new toilet technology has resulted in more people gaining access to toilets and reducing that practices.
Public toilets and sanitation
[edit]National Environmental Protection Authority (RMIEPA), created in 1984, oversaw the management of public toilets. Open defecation was practiced in the 1980s and 1990s on beaches and shorelines. Through the RMIEPA Toilet Facilities and Sewage Disposal Regulations, the Division of Environmental Health and Sanitation was working in the 1990s on improving solid waste disposal. Part of this involved constructing and training others in the usage of water-seal toilets.[1] Sewage systems were improved in Majuro, Ebeye and Gugeegue in the 1990s. As a result, more people gained access to saltwater toilet flushing systems in public places.[1] Three EcoSan composting toilets were installed in Laura in the 2010s as a way of demonstration of how to reduce water usage volume at the household level.[2]
Public toilets have been constructed by the United States military during the 1980s. These toilets are maintained by family caretakers, and are often locked when no one is around to monitor them.[3][4]
Regional and global situation impacting public toilets in the Marshall Islands
[edit]Foreigners visiting the South Pacific in the 1990s were advised to bring their own white toilet paper, and tampons or sanitary napkins as they were not commonly found in the region.[5] Septic systems and any sewage systems were not strong enough in the 1990s for tampons to be thrown into them.[5]
References
[edit]- ^ a b Boer, Ben (1996). "Environmental Law in the South Pacific" (PDF). IUCN Environmental Law Centre. Retrieved 16 October 2022.
- ^ e Pacific Centre for Environment and Sustainable Development (PaCE-SD); The University of the South Pacific (USP), Suva, Fiji. "Overview of Water Security in Pacific Islands WITH RECOMMENDATIONS FOR BEST PRACTICES" (PDF). US Aid.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Bower, Rhonda (2001). Report of Visit to Ebeye, Kwajalein, Marshall Islands: 22-24 October 2001. SOPAC Secretariat.
- ^ Agencies, United States Congress Senate Committee on Appropriations Subcommittee on the Department of the Interior and Related (1988). Department of the Interior and Related Agencies Appropriations for Fiscal Year 1988: Hearings Before a Subcommittee of the Committee on Appropriations, United States Senate, One Hundredth Congress, First Session, on H.R. 2712 ... U.S. Government Printing Office.
- ^ a b Stanley, David (1996). South Pacific Handbook. David Stanley. ISBN 978-1-56691-040-8.