User:JustinePorto/Public toilets in Brunei
| Public toilets in Brunei | |
|---|---|
| Language of toilets | |
| Local words | jamban (Malay) |
| Men's toilets | Men |
| Women's toilets | Women |
| Public toilet statistics | |
| Toilets per 100,000 people | ??? (2021) |
| Total toilets | ?? |
| Public toilet use | |
| Type | Western style sit toilet |
| Locations | ??? |
| Average cost | ??? |
| Often equipped with | ??? |
| Percent accessible | ??? |
| Date first modern public toilets | ??? |
| . | |
Public toilets in Brunei
Public toilets
[edit]jamban means toilet in Malay.[1]
Regional and global situation impacting public toilets in Brunei
[edit]Around 675 million people in South Asia practiced open defecation in 2016. This was more than any other region in the world.[2] Public toilet access around the world is most acute in the Global South, with around 3.6 billion people, 40% of the world's total population, lacking access to any toilet facilities. 2.3 people in the the Global South do not have toilet facilities in their residence. Despite the fact that the United Nation made a declaration in 2010 that clean water and sanitation is a human right, little has been done in many places towards addressing this on a wider level.[3] ASEAN developed a plan in 2002 that they asked to be implemented in member countries to expand public toilet access across the countries it represents. The goal was in part to help expand tourist infrastructure and improve regional economics. [3]
Public toilets, depending on their design, can be tools of social exclusion.[4] Public toilet access has been used intentionally in South Asia to exclude certain segments of the population from participating in public life.[4] Western public toilet standards including privatization and limited opening hours disadvantage women when implemented in countries in the Far East.[5]
Western style sit toilets are more popular among the emerging middle and upper class around the world.[5] Across Southeast Asia in places where Western style flush toilets are found, many do not have toilet seats. These toilets may also not automatically flush, requiring manual flushing.[6]
References
[edit]- ^ Hess, Nico (2019-08-04). Introducing Global Englishes. Scientific e-Resources. ISBN 978-1-83947-299-2.
- ^ Lijster, Michiel de. "10 Reasons We Should Care About Toilets". blogs.adb.org. Retrieved 2022-10-16.
- ^ a b Glassman, Stephanie; Firestone, Julia (May 2022). "Restroom Deserts: Where to go when you need to go" (PDF). AARP.
- ^ a b Das, Maitreyi Bordia (19 November 2017). "The tyranny of toilets". World Bank. Retrieved 14 October 2022.
- ^ a b Coles, Anne; Gray, Leslie; Momsen, Janet (2015-02-20). The Routledge Handbook of Gender and Development. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-134-09478-3.
- ^ Groundwater, Ben (2018-10-31). "The best, and worst, toilets all travellers with have to deal with". Traveller. Retrieved 2022-10-25.
