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User:Jun-Dai/Linguistics/Numbers 1–10

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Hypothesis

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Hypothesis: it is fairly easy to tell how closely or distantly related, or unrelated, two languages are by comparing how they say the numbers from one to nine. Also: the family tree for the term zero will look quite different from the family trees of languages overall.

Note: I only realised that a page similar to this already exists on Wikipedia (List of numbers in various languages) after I'd made it through a few dozen languages.

Of particular interest to me in writing this

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Additional notes

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A lot of people are surprised to find that Northern Indian languages and Southern Indian languages come from entirely different language families, and that Hindi, Persian, and English are related, whereas Tamil, Arabic, and Turkish are unrelated to them as well as to each other. Similarly, that Japanese, Korean, and Chinese are (as far as anyone knows) unrelated languages. I've noticed that you can see that Hindi and Persian are quite related in their numbers 1-10 (and English seems distantly related), but Tamil is totally different.

Related to this: The only languages I know of that have adopted the numbers one through nine from another language are Japanese and Korean (I'm sure there are others), and in both cases the Chinese-based numbers never completely supplanted the native numbers, which still exist in the language. I'd be curious if there are languages where the number one through nine were completely supplanted, but the language itself continued to exist. Certainly in writing numbers, the so-called Arabic numerals have supplanted lots of other ways to write numbers, but without affecting the words themselves.

Catalogue

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Here is a catalogue of numbers 1 through 10, and zero, for various languages, by tree, to test out and illustrate the hypothesis. For those that don't use the latin alphabet, I've romanised them for easier comparison, but I kept the other writing system(s) in parentheses. If I ever feel bored enough, I'll add IPA and links to pronunciations, but that's a bit more than I'm willing to bite off right now.

I've cross-linked languages that others might expect to be related, to more easily see how different they are.

Indo-European

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Indo-Iranian

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Hindi

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Hindi and Urdu are considered by linguists to be registers of the same Hindustani language

Note that what we call "Arabic numerals" in English are actually closer to the Hindi numerals here than they are to the ones used in "Arabic". All three systems are related 

1.  ek    (एक) (१)
2.  do    (दो) (२)
3.  tin   (तीन) (३)
4.  char  (चार) (४)
5.  panch (पांच) (५)
6.  chah  (छह) (६)
7.  sat   (सात) (७)
8.  ath   (आठ) (८)
9.  nau   (नौ) (९)
10. das   (दस) (१०)
0.  sunya (शून्य) (०)

Urdu

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Urdu and Hindi are considered by linguists to be registers of the same Hindustani language, even though Hindi is written using Devanagari and Urdu is written using an Arabic script. Also, despite all the words borrowed from #Arabic through Persian, the Hindustani language comes from Vedic Sanskrit 

1.  ek    (ایک) (۱)
2.  do    (دو) (۲)
3.  tin   (تین) (۳)
4.  char  (چار) (۴)
5.  panch (پانچ) (۵)
6.  chhah (چھ) (۶)
7.  sat   (سات) (۷)
8.  ath   (آٹھ) (۸)
9.  nau   (نو) (۹)
10. das   (دس) (۱۰)
0.  sifar (صفر) (۰)

Farsi

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AKA, Persian. Despite using a variant of the Arabic script, Persian and #Arabic are considered unrelated languages — they have borrowed lots of words from each other, but they come from very different origins, which you can see here with these numbers, which were one of the inspirations for this page, along with #Maltese. You can see that Farsi numbers are very closely related to numbers in Hindi/Urdu. But the written numerals are basically the same as in Urdu and #Arabic and very different from Hindi 

1.  yek    (یک) (۱) 
2.  do     (دو) (۲)
3.  se     (سه) (۳) 
4.  chahâr (چهار) (۴) 
5.  panj   (پنج) (۵) 
6.  shesh  (شش) (۶) 
7.  haft   (هفت) (۷) 
8.  hasht  (هشت) (۸) 
9.  noh    (نه) (۹) 
10. dah    (ده) (۱۰)
0.  sefr   (صفر) (۰)

Pashto

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An Eastern-Iranian language. Clearly related to #Farsi and #Hindi/#Urdu, but interestingly it is farther from either than they are to each other, despite the geographical location. 

1.  yaw    (يو) (١)
2.  dwa    (دؤه) (٢)
3.  dray   (درے) (٣)
4.  celour (څلور) (٤)
5.  penza  (پنځه) (٥)
6.  shpeg  (شپږ) (٦)
7.  owa    (أوؤه) (٧)
8.  ata    (أته) (٨)
9.  naha   (نهه) (٩)
10. las    (لس) (١٠)
0.  sifer  (صفر) (٠)

References:

Germanic

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English

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Numbers in English 

1.  one
2.  two
3.  three
4.  four
5.  five
6.  six
7.  seven
8.  eight
9.  nine
10: ten
0.  zero

German

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1.  eins
2.  zwei
3.  drei
4.  vier
5.  fünf
6.  sechs
7.  sieben
8.  acht
9.  neun
10. zehn
0.  null

Italic

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Essentially: the variants of Latin, the Romance languages, and a bunch of extinct languages, like Umbrian and Oscan

Latin

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1.  unus     I
2.  duo      II
3.  tres     III
4.  quattuor IV
5.  quinque  V
6.  sex      VI
7.  septem   VII
8.  octo     VIII
9.  novem    IX
10. decem    X


References:

French

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Les nombres en français 

1.  un
2.  duex
3.  trois
4.  quatre
5.  cinq
6.  six
7.  sept
8.  huit
9.  neuf
10. dix
0.  zéro

Catalan

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1.  un
2.  dos
3.  tres
4.  quatre
5.  cinc
6.  sis
7.  set
8.  vuit
9.  nou
10. deu
0.  zero

Spanish

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Los números en español 

1.  uno
2.  dos
3.  tres
4.  cuatro
5.  cinco
6.  seis
7.  siete
8.  ocho
9.  nueve
10. diez
0.  cero

Aragonese

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Aragonés 

1.  un
2.  dos
3.  tres
4.  quatre
5.  cinc
6.  seis
7.  siet
8.  ueit
9.  nueu
10. diez
0.  zero

Galician

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Galego 

1.  un
2.  dous
3.  tres
4.  catro
5.  cinco
6.  seis
7.  sete
8.  oito
9.  nove
10. dez
0.  cero

Portuguese

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1.  um
2.  dois
3.  três
4.  quatro
5.  cinco
6.  seis
7.  sete
8.  oito
9.  nove
10. dez
0.  zero

Italian

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1.  uno
2.  due
3.  tre
4.  quattro
5.  cinque
6.  sei
7.  sette
8.  otto
9.  nove
10. dieci
0.  zero

Romanian

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Despite being geographically surrounded by Slavic languages and Hungary, Romanian is clearly a Romance language and related to #Italian 

1.  unu
2.  doi
3.  trei
4.  patru
5.  cinci
6.  șase
7.  șapte
8.  opt
9.  nouă
10. zece
0.  zero

Hellenic

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Greek is the only major extant Hellenic language, though there are quite a few variants of it that could be considered distinct languages.

Greek (Modern)

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Worth breaking Greek out into modern and ancient, given how influential ancient Greek was on other languages 

1.  éna    (ένα)
2.  dío    (δύο)
3.  tría   (τρία)
4.  tésera (τέσσερα)
5.  pénde  (πέντε)
6.  éxi    (έξι)
7.  eptá   (επτά)
8.  októ   (οκτώ)
9.  enéa   (εννέα)
10. déka   (δέκα)
0.  midén  (μηδέν)

Greek (Ancient)

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Worth breaking Greek out into modern and ancient, given how influential ancient Greek was on other languages. The first few Ancient Greek numbers are gendered and they decline, so there can be around a dozen forms for each number. I've picked the nominative neuter version for each number, though I dunno if that's the most appropriate one 

1.  *hén    (ἕν) (αʹ)
2.  *dúo    (δύο) (βʹ)
3.  *tría   (τρία) (γʹ)
4.  *tésera (τέτταρα) (δʹ)
5.  pénte   (πέντε) (εʹ)
6.  héx     (έξι) (ϛʹ)
7.  heptá   (ἑπτά) (ζʹ)
8.  oktṓ    (ὀκτώ) (ηʹ)
9.  ennéa   (ἐννέα) (θʹ)
10. déka    (δέκα) (ιʹ)

Albanian

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Despite being surrounded by Romance, #Slavic, and Hellenic languages, and being taken in by the Greek, Roman, Ottoman, and other empires for much of its history, Albanian continues to exist as its own branch of the #Indo-European language family. In theory it is less closely related to #Italian, #English and #Russian than those languages are to #Hindi. It is closer to #Greek than the others.

The numbers below definitely suggest a closer relationship to Italian than to, say, English or Hindi, but it's still pretty far out there.

See commons:File:IndoEuropeanLanguageFamilyRelationsChart.jpg 

1.  një
2.  dy
3.  tre
4.  katër
5.  pesë
6.  gjashtë
7.  shtatë
8.  tetë
9.  nëntë
10. dhjetë
0.  zero

Slavic

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Normally broken into East Slavic, South Slavic, and West Slavic

Ukrainian

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1.  odin    (один)
2.  dva     (два)
3.  tri     (три)
4.  čotiri  (чотири)
5.  p’âtʹ   (п’ять)
6.  šìstʹ   (шість)
7.  sìm     (сім)
8.  vìsìm   (вісім)
9.  dev’âtʹ (дев’ять)
10. desâtʹ  (десять)
0.  nul'    (нуль)

Reference:

Russian

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1.  odin   (один)
2.  dve    (две)
3.  tri    (три)
4.  četyre (четыре)
5.  pâtʹ   (пять)
6.  šestʹ  (шесть)
7.  semʹ   (семь)
8.  vosemʹ (восемь)
9.  devâtʹ (девять)
10. desâtʹ (десять)
0.  nol'   (ноль)

Reference:

Belarussian

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I had somehow been under the impression that Belarussian was closer to #Russian than #Ukrainian is. One look at the numbers would seem to suggest the opposite. 

1.  adzín    (адзі́н)
2.  dva      (два)
3.  try      (тры)
4.  čatýry   (чаты́ры)
5.  piać     (пяць)
6.  šesć     (шэсць)
7.  siem     (сем)
8.  vósiem   (во́сем)
9.  dziéviać (дзе́вяць)
10. dziésiać (дзе́сяць)
0.  nul'     (нуль)

Reference:

Czech

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Very similar to Slovak 

1.  jedna
2.  dva
3.  tři
4.  čtyři
5.  pět
6.  šest
7.  sedm
8.  osm
9.  devět
10. deset
0.  nula

References:

Slovak

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Very similar to Czech 

1.  jeden
2.  dva
3.  tri
4.  štyri
5.  päť
6.  šesť
7.  sedem
8.  osem
9.  deväť
10. desať
0.  nula

References:

Baltic

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Baltic and Slavic branched off a common ancestor called Balto-Slavic

Latvian

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You can see how distant Latvian is from Russian or Belarussian. It is clear that Latvian is not an Eastern Slavic language like they are 

1.  viens
2.  divi
3.  trīs
4.  četri
5.  pieci
6.  seši
7.  septiņi
8.  astoņi
9.  deviņi
10. desmit
0.  nulle

References:

Lithuanian

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1.  vienas
2.  du
3.  trys
4.  keturi
5.  penki
6.  šeši
7.  septyni
8.  aštuoni
9.  devyni
10. dešimt
0.  nulis


References:

Dravidian

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Tamil

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Note: very different from #Hindi 

1.  oṉṟu          (ஒன்று)
2.  iraṇḍu        (இரண்டு)
3.  mūṉṟu         (மூன்று)
4.  nāṉku         (நான்கு)
5.  aindhu        (ஐந்து)
6.  āṟu           (ஆறு)
7.  ēḻu           (ஏழு)
8.  eṭṭu          (எட்டு)
9.  oṉpathu       (ஒன்பது)
10. paththu       (பத்து)
0.  suḻiyam / pāḻ (சுழியம் / பாழ்)

Telugu

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I've been told that Telugu has the most vocabulary from Sanskrit of the four major South Indian languages. If that's true, it does not show in the numbers here, which are clearly unrelated to any North Indian languages like #Hindi, with the exception of zero — where it is similar to Hindi and quite different from #Tamil or #Malayalam 

1.  okaṭi   (ఒకటి) (౧)
2.  reṇḍu   (రెండు) (౨)
3.  mūḍu    (మూడు) (౩)
4.  nālugu  (నాలుగు) (౪)
5.  ayidu   (అయిదు) (౫)
6.  āru     (ఆరు) (౬)
7.  ēḍu     (ఏడు) (౭)
8.  enimidi (ఎనిమిది) (౮)
9.  tommidi (తొమ్మిది) (౯)
10. padi    (పది) (౧౦)
0.  sunna   (సున్న) (౦)

Malayalam

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You can see the closeness to #Tamil here quite clearly 

1.  onnŭ   (ഒന്ന്) (൧)
2.  raṇḍŭ  (രണ്ട്) (൨)
3.  mūnnŭ  (മൂന്ന്) (൩)
4.  nālŭ   (നാല്) (൪)
5.  añjŭ   (അഞ്ച്) (൫)
6.  āṟŭ    (ആറ്) (൬)
7.  ēḻŭ    (ഏഴ്) (൭)
8.  eṭṭŭ   (എട്ട്) (൮)
9.  ombadŭ (ഒമ്പത്) (൯)
10. pattŭ  (പത്ത്) (൰/൧൦)
0.  pūjyaṁ (പൂജ്യം) (൦)

References:

Brahui

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Brahui is a Dravidian language that is spoken in some parts of Pakistan and written with Arabic script. Apparently only some 15% of the vocabulary is of Dravidian origin. This was one of the inspirations for creating this whole page, and this is the first real challenge to my hypothesis, since only the first three numbers are related to Tamil — the remaining numbers were borrowed from Baloch, and you can clearly see that they are Indo-European and related to Urdu/Hindi

As an endangered minority language, Brahui is not so well-documented on the Internet. I did not find the numbers written with Arabic script (though I can guess what they would look like). Apparently Brahui was never written with a Brahmi script — it was purely a spoken language for most of its history, and an Arabic-based script was created at some point to document the folklore, and more recently it has been given an orthography using Latin letters with diacritics, which you see here.

Despite being an endangered minority language, the 2017 census lists the language as having 2.5 million speakers. 

1.  asi
2.  irā
3.  musi
4.  čār
5.  panč
6.  šaš
7.  haft
8.  haš
9.  nō
10. dah

Uralic

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Hungarian

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Despite being in the middle of Europe and surrounded by a wide variety of #Indo-European languages, Hungarian is actually related to Estonian, Finnish, Sami, etc. It's a little hard to see the relationship (you really have to squint, as Hungarian has been isolated for a long time), but one thing is super clear: it is totally different from its neighbours: Slovakia, Poland, Romania, Serbia, Croatia, Slovenia, and Austria 

1.  egy
2.  kettő
3.  három
4.  négy
5.  öt
6.  hat
7.  hét
8.  nyolc
9.  kilenc
10. tíz
0.  nulla

Estonian

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Despite being surrounded by #Baltic and #Slavic languages, Estonian is related to Hungarian and Finnish, which are not part of the Indo-European language family at all (whereas Lithuanian and Latvian are Balto-Slavic, a fairly distinct branch of Indo-European that they shared with the now-extinct East Prussian). Estonian seems pretty distant from Hungarian, though — you really have to squint to see it here, but you can tell it's not related to any of the #Indo-European languages on this page 

1.  üks
2.  kaks
3.  kolm
4.  neli
5.  viis
6.  kuus
7.  seitse
8.  kaheksa
9.  üheksa
10. kümme
0.  null

References:

Finnish

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Despite being a Nordic country and having #Scandinavian languages on one side and #Slavic languages on the other, Finnish is clearly related to Estonian and distantly related to Hungarian 

1.  yksi
2.  kaksi
3.  kolme
4.  neljä
5.  viisi
6.  kuusi
7.  seitsemän
8.  kahdeksan
9.  yhdeksän
10. kymmenen
0.  nolla

Northern Sami

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1.  okta
2.  guokte
3.  golbma
4.  njeallje
5.  vihtta
6.  guhtta
7.  čieža
8.  gávcci
9.  ovcci
10. logi

Southern Sami

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1.  akte
2.  göökte
3.  golme
4.  njieljie
5.  vïjhte
6.  govhte
7.  tjïjhtje
8.  gaektsie
9.  uktsie
10. luhkie

Semitic

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Arabic

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Arabic is not related to Persian or Turkish despite the cultural overlaps, Ottoman Empire, etc. Even though the languages are unrelated, you can see that the numerals are related to the #Hindi numerals as well as the so-called Arabic numerals used in European languages and now much of the world 

1.  wahed     (واحد) (١)
2.  ithan     (إثنان) (٢)
3.  thalathah (ثلاثة) (٣)
4.  arba'a    (أربعة) (٤)
5.  hamsa     (خمسة) (٥)
6.  sitta     (ستة) (٦)
7.  sab'a     (سبعة) (٧)
8.  thamaniya (ثمانية) (٨)
9.  tis'a     (تسعة) (٩)
10. 'ashra    (عشرة) (١٠)
0.  sifr      (صفر) (٠)

Maltese

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Malti

Even though the majority of the vocabulary in Maltese is from #Italian and the people of Malta are predominantly Catholic, Maltese is considered an Arabic language, being the only surviving member of the Siculo-Arabic languages. It's the only variety of Arabic that is normally written with the Latin alphabet. The relationship to Arabic could hardly be clearer, and this was an inspiration for this page 

1.  wieħed
2.  tnejn
3.  tlieta
4.  erbgħa
5.  ħamsa
6.  sitta
7.  sebgħa
8.  tmienja
9.  disgħa
10. għaxra
0.  żero

Reference:

Amharic

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አማርኛ

It's very hard to see any connection between this and Arabic until you get to number six. But they are both semitic languages and considered to be distantly related The Ge'ez script (the writing system for Amharic) has its own numerals that are sometimes used, which I've included 


1.  and     (አንድ) {፩}
2.  hulät   (ሁለት) {፪}
3.  sost    (ሶስት) {፫}
4.  arat    (አራት) {፬}
5.  amïst   (አምስት) {፭}
6.  sïdïst  (ስድስት) {፮}
7.  säbat   (ሰባት) {፯}
8.  sïmïnt  (ስምንት) {፰}
9.  zät’äñ  (ዘጠኝ) {፱}
10. asïr    (አስር) {፲}
0.  zero    (ዜሮ)

Reference:

Tigrinya

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ትግርኛ

3 and 4 seem closer to Arabic from Tigrinya than Amharic, though 6–8 seem more distant. Interesting 

1.  hade      (ሓደ) {፩}
2.  kelete    (ክልተ) {፪}
3.  seleste   (ሰለስተ) {፫}
4.  arbaete   (ኣርባዕተ) {፬}
5.  hamushte  (ሓሙሽት) {፭}
6.  shudushte (ሽድሽተ) {፮}
7.  shewa’ate (ሸውዓተ) {፯}
8.  shemonte  (ሸሞንተ) {፰}
9.  tishe’ate (ትሽዓተ) {፱}
10. ‘äserte   (ዓሰርተ) {፲}

Reference:

Austronesian

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The numbers vary quite a bit in the various Austronesian languages, though several of them have a very similar word for 5 for some reason, even when they diverge considerably for other numbers.

Indonesian

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Bahasa Indonesia: id:Sistem bilangan
1.  satu
2.  dua
3.  tiga
4.  empat
5.  lima
6.  enam
7.  tujuh
8.  lapan
9.  sembilan
10. sepuluh
0.  sifar / kosong

Reference:

Tagalog

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Like #Japanese, Tagalog uses two sets of numbers. In this case, one set is the native Tagalog numbers, and the other one are especially the Spanish numbers but with Tagalog spelling

Native Tagalog numbers

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1.  isa
2.  dalawa
3.  tatlo
4.  apat
5.  lima
6.  anim
7.  pito
8.  walo
9.  siyam
10. sampu
0.  wala / sero

Spanish-derived Tagalog numbers

[edit]
1.  uno
2.  dos
3.  tres
4.  kwatro
5.  sinko
6.  sais
7.  syete
8.  otso
9.  nuwebe
10. diyes
0.  sero


Reference:

Ma'anyan

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I can definitely see the relationship to Indonesian/Malay. The Ma'anyan language is considered to be the most likely source of the Malagasy language, and you can sort of see it with the numbers here (particularly keeping in mind the transliterations here were probably performed by different people) 

1.  isaʔ / eraŋ
2.  rueh
3.  telo
4.  epat
5.  dime
6.  enem
7.  pitu
8.  balu / walu
9.  su'ey
10. sapulu(h)

Reference:

Malagasy

[edit]

That the main language in Madagascar is an Austronesian language shows the incredible reach of Austronesian settlers some two thousand years ago, extending all the way from Madagascar to Hawai'i and Rapa Nui (Easter Island) 

1.  iray
2.  roa
3.  telo
4.  efatra
5.  dimy
6.  enina
7.  fito
8.  valo
9.  sivy
10. folo
0.  aotra

Reference:

Polynesian

[edit]

Māori

[edit]
Te reo
1.  tahi
2.  rua
3.  toru
4.  whā
5.  rima
6.  ono
7.  whitu
8.  waru
9.  iwa
10. tekau
0.  kore

Reference:

Hawaiian

[edit]
ʻŌlelo Hawaiʻi

Some transcriptions use backticks, others just use single quotes, and others seem to omit that character altogether 

0.  `ole
1.  `ekahi
2.  `elua
3.  `ekolu
4.  `ehā
5.  `elima
6.  `eono
7.  `ehiku
8.  `ewalu
9.  `eiwa
10. `umi

Reference:

Sino-Tibetan

[edit]

Cantonese

[edit]
1.  yat  (一)
2.  yi   (二)
3.  sam  (三)
4.  sei  (四)
5.  ngh  (五)
6.  lok  (六)
7.  chat (七)
8.  bhat (八)
9.  gau  (九)
10. sap  (十)
0.  ling (〇 or 零)

Mandarin

[edit]
1.  yī   (一)
2.  èr   (二)
3.  sān  (三)
4.  sì   (四)
5.  wǔ   (五)
6.  liù  (六)
7.  qī   (七)
8.  ba   (八)
9.  jiu  (九)
10. shí  (十)
0.  líng (〇 or 零)

Taiwanese / Min Nan

[edit]

Min Nan colloquial numbers

[edit]
1.  chit     (一)
2.  nn̄g      (二)
3.  saⁿ      (三)
4.  sì       (四)
5.  gō͘       (五)
6.  la̍k      (六)
7.  chhit    (七)
8.  peh/poeh (八)
9.  káu      (九)
10. cha̍p     (十)
0.  khòng    (空)

Min Nan literary numbers

[edit]
1.  it       (一)
2.  jī / lī  (二)
3.  sam      (三)
4.  sù       (四)
5.  ngó͘      (五)
6.  lio̍k     (六)
7.  chhit    (七)
8.  pat      (八)
9.  kiú      (九)
10. si̍p      (十)
0.  khòng    (空)

Japonic (near isolate)

[edit]

Japanese

[edit]

Sino-Japanese numbers

[edit]
1.  ichi      (いち) (一)
2.  ni        (に) (二)
3.  san       (さん) (三)
4.  shi       (し) (四) 
4a. yon       (よん) (四)
5.  go        (ご) (五)
6.  roku      (ろく) (六)
7.  shichi    (しち)
7a. nana      (なな) (七)
8.  hachi     (はち) (八)
9.  kyu       (きゅう) (九)
10. ju        (じゅう) (十)
0.  zero      (ゼロ) / rei (れい) - (〇 or 零)

Japanese (Native) numbers

[edit]

These have an unusual role in the language via conjugations into counter words 

1.  hitotsu   (ひとつ) (一つ)
2.  futatsu   (ふたつ) (二つ)
3.  mittsu    (みっつ) (三つ)
4.  yottsu    (よっつ) (四つ)
5.  itsutsu   (いつつ) (五つ)
6.  muttsu    (むっつ) (六つ)
7.  nanatsu   (ななつ) (七つ)
8.  yattsu    (やっつ) (八つ))
9.  kokonotsu (ここのつ) (九つ)
10. to        (とお) (十)
0.  (no zero)

Uchinaguchi

[edit]
1.  tiichi    (ティーチ)
2.  taachi    (ターチ)
3.  miichi    (ミーチ)
4.  yuuchi    (ユーチ)
5.  ichichi   (イチチ)
6.  muuchi    (ムーチ)
7.  nanachi   (ナナチ)
8.  yaachi    (ヤーチ)
9.  kukunuchi (ククヌチ)
10. tuu       (トゥー)

Ainu (language isolate)

[edit]

Ainu

[edit]

Totally different from #Japanese 

1.  shine
2.  tu
3.  re
4.  ine
5.  ashikne
6.  iwa
7.  arawa
8.  tupe-san
9.  shinepe-san
10. wa

Basque (language isolate)

[edit]

Basque

[edit]

Totally different from #Spanish, #Portuguese, or anything else in Western Europe 

1.  bat
2.  bi
3.  hiru
4.  lau
5.  bost
6.  sei
7.  zazpi
8.  zortzi
9.  bederatzi
10. hamar


Additional thoughts/notes

[edit]

In pulling this together, I found a few things after looking up language after language:


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