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Wind power in Indiana

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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Wind power in Indiana was limited to a few small water-pumping windmills on farms until 2008 with construction of Indiana's first utility-scale wind power facility, Goodland (phase I) with a nameplate capacity of 130 MW. As of September 2017, Indiana had a total of 18975 MW of wind power capacity installed, ranking it 12th among U.S. states.[1][1]

The main utility-scale development up to 2016 has been in the northwest part of the state in Benton, White, and Jasper Counties. As of May 2017, Fowler Ridge Wind Farm was completed and has a final nameplate capacity of 750 MW, making it the Midwest's largest wind farm, and one of the largest in the world. There is a continuing trend of wind energy growth in Indiana, with 15 projects currently online, continually increasing the total installed capacity of the state.[1]

Contents

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Installed capacity and wind resources[edit]

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The following table compares the growth in wind power installed nameplate capacity in MW for Indiana and the entire United States since 2003.[3]

Average annual wind power density map for Indiana at 50m above ground
Year Indiana US
2003 0 6,370
2004 0 6,725
2005 0 9,149
2006 0 11,603
2007 0 16,819
2008 130 25,170
2009 1036 35,159
2010 1238 40,180
2011 1340 46,919
2012 1543 60,007
2013 1544 61,110
2014 1745 65,880
2015 1895 74,471
2016 1895 82,171

Currently, the state of Indiana ranks 12th in installed wind capacity and number of wind turbines with 1,897 MW and 1,096 turbines, respectively. Together, these yield 4.82% of the total in-state electricity production (~4,368,000 MWh or enough to power ~453,000 homes).[2][1] To put this number into perspective, Indiana consumed 104.514 TWh of electricity in 2015. However, the National Renewable Energy Laboratory predicts wind energy growth in Indiana, stating the wind potential (from turbines with an 80 m hub height) could reach levels upwards of 40,259 MW by 2030. This predicted potential growth is starting to materialize now, with 15 wind projects currently online in the state.[1]

Indiana also has some offshore wind resources in the shallows of Lake Michigan along its shoreline.[7][8][9] However, offshore wind power development is far behind onshore development in the United States generally, because onshore development is cheaper and the United States has an abundance of suitable onshore sites to develop. Indiana has no offshore wind farms as of 2017.

Wind generation[edit]

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Indiana wind generation by month.

Indiana Wind Generation (GWh, Million kWh)
Year Total Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec
2012 3,163 416 307 374 386 212 185 113 94 162 324 234 357
2013 3,481 450 276 334 396 303 184 138 92 155 297 449 405
2014 3,495 415 252 323 388 304 190 167 101 158 325 507 366
2015 4,516 411 413 424 425 365 272 176 165 214 517 554 580
2016 4,903 656 572 510 451 403 280 164 148 241 460 477 541
2017 2,676 353 388 459 475 381 355 265

Source:[10][11][12][13]

Wind farms[edit]

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[[[Wind power in Indiana|show]]]Map all coordinates using OSM

Map all coordinates using Google

The following table of wind farms and utility-scale wind power developments uses data from the AWEA,[3] the State of Indiana,[14] and other sources. For the larger projects constructed in phases, the table lists separate information for each phase. The name of each wind farm is the name used by the energy company when referring to the farm. The Wind Farm suffix is implied and hence removed for brevity. For more details and references for each wind farm, see its article.

Wind farm County(s) Turbine model Power per turbine (MW) No. of Turbines Total Nameplate Capacity (MW) Online Developer Operator Power purchaser Coordinates
Benton County phase I Benton GE sl/sle Gen4 1.5 87 130.5 2008-04 Orion Energy Orion Energy Duke, Vectren 40.686°N 87.408°W
Fowler Ridge phase I Vestas Benton Vestas V82 1.65 182 300.3 2009-04 BP, Dominion BP, Dominion AEP, Dominion 40.608°N 87.320°W
Fowler Ridge phase I Clipper Benton Clipper 2.5 2.5 40 100 2009-04 BP, Dominion BP, Dominion AEP, Dominion 40.608°N 87.320°W
Fowler Ridge phase II Benton GE sl/sle Gen4 1.5 133 199.5 2009-12 BP, Dominion BP, Dominion AEP, Vectren 40.608°N 87.320°W
Headwaters Randolph Vestas V110 2 100 200 December 2014 EDP Renewables North America Indiana Michigan Power
Hoosier Benton REpower 2 53 106 2009-08 IPL, enXco IPL, enXco IPL 40.6°N 87.32°W
Meadow Lake phase I White Vestas V82 1.65 121 199.65 October 2009 Horizon Wind Energy EDP Renewables North America AEP, wholesale market 40.601°N 86.865°W
Meadow Lake phase II White Acciona 1.5 66 99 June 2010 Horizon Wind Energy EDP Renewables North America 40.601°N 86.865°W
Meadow Lake phase III White GE 1.5 69 103.5 October 2010 Horizon Wind Energy EDP Renewables North America 40.601°N 86.865°W
Meadow Lake phase IV White Suzlon 2.1 47 98.7 October 2010 Horizon Wind Energy EDP Renewables North America 40.601°N 86.865°W
Prairie Breeze Tipton 1.6 94 150 Juwi 40.361°N 86.152°W
Union City/Randolph Eastern School Corporation Randolph Nordic Windpower 1 2 2 2010-02 Performance Services Union City, Randolph Eastern School Corporation AEP 40.201°N 84.815°W
Wildcat phase I Madison, Tipton GE 1.6 125 200 2012-10 E.ON E.ON AEP 40.352°N 85.882°W
Wildcat phase II Grant, Howard 40-60 (proposed) E.ON 40.480°N 85.860°W
Wildcat phase III Tipton 40-75 (proposed) E.ON
Wildcat phase IV Tipton (proposed) E.ON

Single-unit turbines[edit]

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In addition to the above wind farms, single stand-alone units have also been built in multiple other locations, mostly at schools. Some of these units were placed to test the environment for future wind energy development.[15][16][17] [18]

Location County Owner Wind speed

(m/s)

Power

(Kw)

Middletown Henry Shenandoah School Corporation 900
Carthage Shelby 7.7 / 99m
Haubstadt Gibson South Gibson School Corporation 6.1 / 99m
Kokomo Howard Northwestern School Corporation 7.0 / 99m
LaGrange LaGrange 7.0 / 99m
Upland Grant Taylor University
Francesville Pulaski County West Central School Corporation 6.9 900

Environmental impact[edit]

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According to the USDOE, each 1000 MW of wind power capacity installed in Indiana will annually save 1,684 million gallons of water and eliminate 3.1 million tons of carbon dioxide emissions.[19]

For comparison, Indiana emitted a total of 230,830,000 metric tons of carbon dioxide in 2007.[20][21]

As of March 2010 Indiana lacked a renewable energy standard, unlike several other midwestern states: Ohio, Illinois, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri and Iowa.[22]Nevertheless, Indiana's wind power development had outpaced that of Ohio and Michigan.

Government policies and initiatives

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The Indiana State government, along with the Federal Government, has put many incentives in place for the use of wind energy. The three main categories of incentives are 1) utility, 2) state, and 3) federal.

Utility

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Utility incentives target customers that have their own small wind energy systems (no greater than 1 MW). These incentives consist of 1) Net Metering and 2) Feed in Tariff (FIT) incentives. Net metering allows the utility company to track the energy the wind system produces and customers can then use that energy as a credit on their bills. The FIT program, only adopted by the utility company Northern Indiana Public Service Company (NIPSCO), pays their customers per kW of energy produced by their wind turbine, opposed to offering a credit. Currently NIPSCO mandates a rate of $0.17/kWh for systems less than or equal to 100 kW and $0.10/kWh for systems 100kW-2MW.[3]

State

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State-level incentives consist of the 1) Renewable Energy Property Tax Exemption and 2) Indiana Sales Tax Incentive for Electrical Generating Equipment. The renewable energy exemption states that the assessed value of any wind system installed after December 31, 2011 is eligible for property tax exemption pending the completion of state form 18865. The sales tax incentive states that the equipment used to produce renewable electricity are eligible for a sales tax exemption. The state of Indiana also implemented a voluntary Clean Energy Portfolio Standard (CPS) in May of 2011. The CPS set a goal for the state to have 10% of its electric generation come from clean energy by 2025.[3]

Federal

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Federal Incentives include 1) The Rural Energy for America Program (REAP), 2) Business Energy Investment Tax Credit, and 3) Residential Renewable Energy Tax Credit. The REAP program provides grants to agricultural producers and rural businesses for projects that yield more energy efficiency and renewable energy. The Business Energy Tax Credit, as of 9/18/2017, is only available to large wind turbines (greater than 100 kW in capacity) and will expire 12/31/2019. The credit is currently at a rate of 24% of invested expenditures with no credit cap. The Residential Renewable Energy Tax Credit is similar to the Business Investment credit except only small turbines qualify (cannot exceed 100 kW). As of 9/18/2017, the tax credit is at 30% with no max. This credit will also expire 12/31/2019.[3]

See also[edit]

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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Wind power in Indiana.

References[edit]

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  1. ^ a b c d "Indiana Wind Energy" (PDF). American Wind Energy Association.
  2. ^ "EIA - State Electricity Profiles". www.eia.gov. Retrieved 2017-10-11.
  3. ^ a b c "OED: Wind Power". www.in.gov. Retrieved 2017-10-11.