User:Jrjohnso37/sandbox
This is a user sandbox of Jrjohnso37. You can use it for testing or practicing edits. This is not the sandbox where you should draft your assigned article for a dashboard.wikiedu.org course. To find the right sandbox for your assignment, visit your Dashboard course page and follow the Sandbox Draft link for your assigned article in the My Articles section. |
Wind power in Indiana
[edit]From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Wind power in Indiana was limited to a few small water-pumping windmills on farms until 2008 with construction of Indiana's first utility-scale wind power facility, Goodland (phase I) with a nameplate capacity of 130 MW. As of September 2017, Indiana had a total of 18975 MW of wind power capacity installed, ranking it 12th among U.S. states.[1][1]
The main utility-scale development up to 2016 has been in the northwest part of the state in Benton, White, and Jasper Counties. As of May 2017, Fowler Ridge Wind Farm was completed and has a final nameplate capacity of 750 MW, making it the Midwest's largest wind farm, and one of the largest in the world. There is a continuing trend of wind energy growth in Indiana, with 15 projects currently online, continually increasing the total installed capacity of the state.[1]
Contents
[edit][hide]
- 1Installed capacity and wind resources
- 2Wind generation
- 3Wind farms
- 4Single-unit turbines
- 5Environmental impact
- 6See also
- 7References
Installed capacity and wind resources[edit]
[edit]The following table compares the growth in wind power installed nameplate capacity in MW for Indiana and the entire United States since 2003.[3]
|
Currently, the state of Indiana ranks 12th in installed wind capacity and number of wind turbines with 1,897 MW and 1,096 turbines, respectively. Together, these yield 4.82% of the total in-state electricity production (~4,368,000 MWh or enough to power ~453,000 homes).[2][1] To put this number into perspective, Indiana consumed 104.514 TWh of electricity in 2015. However, the National Renewable Energy Laboratory predicts wind energy growth in Indiana, stating the wind potential (from turbines with an 80 m hub height) could reach levels upwards of 40,259 MW by 2030. This predicted potential growth is starting to materialize now, with 15 wind projects currently online in the state.[1]
Indiana also has some offshore wind resources in the shallows of Lake Michigan along its shoreline.[7][8][9] However, offshore wind power development is far behind onshore development in the United States generally, because onshore development is cheaper and the United States has an abundance of suitable onshore sites to develop. Indiana has no offshore wind farms as of 2017.
Wind generation[edit]
[edit]Indiana wind generation by month.
Indiana Wind Generation (GWh, Million kWh) | |||||||||||||
Year | Total | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sept | Oct | Nov | Dec |
2012 | 3,163 | 416 | 307 | 374 | 386 | 212 | 185 | 113 | 94 | 162 | 324 | 234 | 357 |
2013 | 3,481 | 450 | 276 | 334 | 396 | 303 | 184 | 138 | 92 | 155 | 297 | 449 | 405 |
2014 | 3,495 | 415 | 252 | 323 | 388 | 304 | 190 | 167 | 101 | 158 | 325 | 507 | 366 |
2015 | 4,516 | 411 | 413 | 424 | 425 | 365 | 272 | 176 | 165 | 214 | 517 | 554 | 580 |
2016 | 4,903 | 656 | 572 | 510 | 451 | 403 | 280 | 164 | 148 | 241 | 460 | 477 | 541 |
2017 | 2,676 | 353 | 388 | 459 | 475 | 381 | 355 | 265 |
Wind farms[edit]
[edit][[[Wind power in Indiana|show]]]Map all coordinates using OSM
Map all coordinates using Google |
The following table of wind farms and utility-scale wind power developments uses data from the AWEA,[3] the State of Indiana,[14] and other sources. For the larger projects constructed in phases, the table lists separate information for each phase. The name of each wind farm is the name used by the energy company when referring to the farm. The Wind Farm suffix is implied and hence removed for brevity. For more details and references for each wind farm, see its article.
Wind farm | County(s) | Turbine model | Power per turbine (MW) | No. of Turbines | Total Nameplate Capacity (MW) | Online | Developer | Operator | Power purchaser | Coordinates |
Benton County phase I | Benton | GE sl/sle Gen4 | 1.5 | 87 | 130.5 | 2008-04 | Orion Energy | Orion Energy | Duke, Vectren | 40.686°N 87.408°W |
Fowler Ridge phase I Vestas | Benton | Vestas V82 | 1.65 | 182 | 300.3 | 2009-04 | BP, Dominion | BP, Dominion | AEP, Dominion | 40.608°N 87.320°W |
Fowler Ridge phase I Clipper | Benton | Clipper 2.5 | 2.5 | 40 | 100 | 2009-04 | BP, Dominion | BP, Dominion | AEP, Dominion | 40.608°N 87.320°W |
Fowler Ridge phase II | Benton | GE sl/sle Gen4 | 1.5 | 133 | 199.5 | 2009-12 | BP, Dominion | BP, Dominion | AEP, Vectren | 40.608°N 87.320°W |
Headwaters | Randolph | Vestas V110 | 2 | 100 | 200 | December 2014 | EDP Renewables North America | Indiana Michigan Power | ||
Hoosier | Benton | REpower | 2 | 53 | 106 | 2009-08 | IPL, enXco | IPL, enXco | IPL | 40.6°N 87.32°W |
Meadow Lake phase I | White | Vestas V82 | 1.65 | 121 | 199.65 | October 2009 | Horizon Wind Energy | EDP Renewables North America | AEP, wholesale market | 40.601°N 86.865°W |
Meadow Lake phase II | White | Acciona | 1.5 | 66 | 99 | June 2010 | Horizon Wind Energy | EDP Renewables North America | 40.601°N 86.865°W | |
Meadow Lake phase III | White | GE | 1.5 | 69 | 103.5 | October 2010 | Horizon Wind Energy | EDP Renewables North America | 40.601°N 86.865°W | |
Meadow Lake phase IV | White | Suzlon | 2.1 | 47 | 98.7 | October 2010 | Horizon Wind Energy | EDP Renewables North America | 40.601°N 86.865°W | |
Prairie Breeze | Tipton | 1.6 | 94 | 150 | Juwi | 40.361°N 86.152°W | ||||
Union City/Randolph Eastern School Corporation | Randolph | Nordic Windpower | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2010-02 | Performance Services | Union City, Randolph Eastern School Corporation | AEP | 40.201°N 84.815°W |
Wildcat phase I | Madison, Tipton | GE | 1.6 | 125 | 200 | 2012-10 | E.ON | E.ON | AEP | 40.352°N 85.882°W |
Wildcat phase II | Grant, Howard | 40-60 | (proposed) | E.ON | 40.480°N 85.860°W | |||||
Wildcat phase III | Tipton | 40-75 | (proposed) | E.ON | ||||||
Wildcat phase IV | Tipton | (proposed) | E.ON |
Single-unit turbines[edit]
[edit]In addition to the above wind farms, single stand-alone units have also been built in multiple other locations, mostly at schools. Some of these units were placed to test the environment for future wind energy development.[15][16][17] [18]
Location | County | Owner | Wind speed
(m/s) |
Power
(Kw) |
Middletown | Henry | Shenandoah School Corporation | 900 | |
Carthage | Shelby | 7.7 / 99m | ||
Haubstadt | Gibson | South Gibson School Corporation | 6.1 / 99m | |
Kokomo | Howard | Northwestern School Corporation | 7.0 / 99m | |
LaGrange | LaGrange | 7.0 / 99m | ||
Upland | Grant | Taylor University | ||
Francesville | Pulaski County | West Central School Corporation | 6.9 | 900 |
Environmental impact[edit]
[edit]According to the USDOE, each 1000 MW of wind power capacity installed in Indiana will annually save 1,684 million gallons of water and eliminate 3.1 million tons of carbon dioxide emissions.[19]
For comparison, Indiana emitted a total of 230,830,000 metric tons of carbon dioxide in 2007.[20][21]
As of March 2010 Indiana lacked a renewable energy standard, unlike several other midwestern states: Ohio, Illinois, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri and Iowa.[22]Nevertheless, Indiana's wind power development had outpaced that of Ohio and Michigan.
Government policies and initiatives
[edit]The Indiana State government, along with the Federal Government, has put many incentives in place for the use of wind energy. The three main categories of incentives are 1) utility, 2) state, and 3) federal.
Utility
[edit]Utility incentives target customers that have their own small wind energy systems (no greater than 1 MW). These incentives consist of 1) Net Metering and 2) Feed in Tariff (FIT) incentives. Net metering allows the utility company to track the energy the wind system produces and customers can then use that energy as a credit on their bills. The FIT program, only adopted by the utility company Northern Indiana Public Service Company (NIPSCO), pays their customers per kW of energy produced by their wind turbine, opposed to offering a credit. Currently NIPSCO mandates a rate of $0.17/kWh for systems less than or equal to 100 kW and $0.10/kWh for systems 100kW-2MW.[3]
State
[edit]State-level incentives consist of the 1) Renewable Energy Property Tax Exemption and 2) Indiana Sales Tax Incentive for Electrical Generating Equipment. The renewable energy exemption states that the assessed value of any wind system installed after December 31, 2011 is eligible for property tax exemption pending the completion of state form 18865. The sales tax incentive states that the equipment used to produce renewable electricity are eligible for a sales tax exemption. The state of Indiana also implemented a voluntary Clean Energy Portfolio Standard (CPS) in May of 2011. The CPS set a goal for the state to have 10% of its electric generation come from clean energy by 2025.[3]
Federal
[edit]Federal Incentives include 1) The Rural Energy for America Program (REAP), 2) Business Energy Investment Tax Credit, and 3) Residential Renewable Energy Tax Credit. The REAP program provides grants to agricultural producers and rural businesses for projects that yield more energy efficiency and renewable energy. The Business Energy Tax Credit, as of 9/18/2017, is only available to large wind turbines (greater than 100 kW in capacity) and will expire 12/31/2019. The credit is currently at a rate of 24% of invested expenditures with no credit cap. The Residential Renewable Energy Tax Credit is similar to the Business Investment credit except only small turbines qualify (cannot exceed 100 kW). As of 9/18/2017, the tax credit is at 30% with no max. This credit will also expire 12/31/2019.[3]
See also[edit]
[edit]Wikimedia Commons has media related to Wind power in Indiana. |
- Indiana Energy Production
- Index of Indiana-related articles
- List of U.S. states by carbon dioxide emissions
- List of wind farms in the United States
- Outline of Indiana
References[edit]
[edit]- ^ a b c d "Indiana Wind Energy" (PDF). American Wind Energy Association.
- ^ "EIA - State Electricity Profiles". www.eia.gov. Retrieved 2017-10-11.
- ^ a b c "OED: Wind Power". www.in.gov. Retrieved 2017-10-11.