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Mid-American Conference field hockey tournament

Mid-American Conference field hockey tournament
Conference field hockey championship
Sport	Field hockey
Conference	Mid-American Conference
Number of teams	4
Played	1983–present
Last contest	2022
Current champion	Miami (7)
Most championships	Kent State (12)
Official website	getsomemaction.com/tournaments/?id=186
Host locations
Campus sites (1983–present)

The Mid-American Conference field hockey tournament is the conference field hockey championship of the Mid-American Conference, a Division I member of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA). The top four finishers participate in the single elimination tournament, which is held at the home field of the top seed. The winner of the tournament receives an automatic berth to the NCAA Division I Women's Lacrosse Championship.

The first tournament was held in 1983, when the conference resumed sponsoring the sport after a one-year hiatus. The MAC had begun sponsoring a field hockey championship in 1981, but did not hold a tournament, and did not sponsor field hockey for the 1982 season. Ball State won the inaugural tournament in 1983, held at Miami University in Oxford, Ohio. From 1984 on, the tournament host has mostly been determined by regular-season finishes. The 2020 tournament was not held as it was one of eight conference tournaments to be eliminated as part of financial issues related to the COVID-19 pandemic. After originally announcing the tournament would be eliminated for four years, the conference reversed the decision in 2021 and restored the tournament, along with the seven other sports, for the 2021–22 season. Through the 2022 tournament, Kent State has won the most tournament titles with 12, followed by Ball State with 9.

History

The Mid-American Conference began sponsoring field hockey as a conference sport in 1981, the same year it was added as a sponsored sport by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA). Several conference members had been fielding teams since the 1970s and by 1981, every full conference member offered the sport. Ohio and Miami finished as co-champions with 8–1 records in conference play, but no tournament was held. In early 1982, however, the MAC decided to end sponsorship of the sport, citing financial difficulties for the conference and member schools. As a result, Western Michigan and Bowling Green discontinued their teams, while the remaining eight schools competed as independents for the 1982 season. In 1983, the MAC re-added field hockey as a sponsored sport and held a divisional round-robin tournament, with Miami, Toledo, Ohio, and Kent State in the east division and Ball State, Central Michigan, Eastern Michigan, and Northern Illinois in the west. The east division games were played at Kent State University and the west division games at Central Michigan. The top two finishers from each division qualified for the inaugural MAC field hockey tournament, held at Miami University in Oxford, Ohio.

Champions

By year

The following is a list of tournament champions, runners up, and sites listed by year.

Year	Champion	Runner-up	Site
1983	Ball State	Northern Illinois	Miami University • Oxford, Ohio
1984	Ball State	Toledo	Ball State Hockey Field • Muncie, Indiana
1985	Ball State	Toledo
1986	Ball State	Ohio
1987	Ohio	Central Michigan
1988	Kent State	Ball State	Summit Street Field • Kent, Ohio
1989	Ball State	Central Michigan	Ball State Hockey Field • Muncie, Indiana
1990	Central Michigan	Ball State
1991	Kent State	Ball State
1992	Kent State	Ball State	Summit Street Field • Kent, Ohio
1993	Ball State	Kent State	Ball State Hockey Field • Muncie, Indiana
1994	Ball State	Kent State
1995	Ball State	Central Michigan
1996	Canceled after two quarterfinal matches; unplayable field conditions
1997	Ball State	Kent State	Kelly/Shorts Stadium • Mount Pleasant, Michigan
1998	Kent State	Ball State	Dix Stadium • Kent, Ohio
1999	Kent State	Ball State	Ball State Hockey Field • Muncie, Indiana
2000	Kent State	Ohio	Pruitt Field • Athens, Ohio
2001	Ohio	Kent State	Trager Stadium • Louisville, Kentucky
2002	Kent State	Ohio	Miami Field Hockey TBA • Oxford, Ohio
2003	Louisville	Ohio	Dix Stadium • Kent, Ohio
2004	Louisville	Kent State	Briner Sports Complex • Muncie, Indiana
2005	Central Michigan	Miami	CMU Field Hockey Complex • Mount Pleasant, Michigan
2006	Ohio	Ball State	Pruitt Field • Athens, Ohio
2007	Ohio	Miami	Miami Field Hockey Complex • Oxford, Ohio
2008	Kent State	Ohio	Murphy–Mellis Field • Kent, Ohio
2009	Ohio	Miami	Briner Sports Complex • Muncie, Indiana
2010	Kent State	Miami	CMU Field Hockey Complex • Mount Pleasant, Michigan
2011	Ohio	Kent State	Pruitt Field • Athens, Ohio
2012	Miami	Kent State	Miami Field Hockey Complex • Oxford, Ohio
2013	Miami	Central Michigan
2014	Kent State	Ohio	Murphy–Mellis Field • Kent, Ohio
2015	Kent State	Miami	CMU Field Hockey Complex • Mount Pleasant, Michigan
2016	Kent State	Miami	Murphy–Mellis Field • Kent, Ohio
2017	Miami	Kent State
2018	Miami	Kent State	Miami Field Hockey Complex • Oxford, Ohio
2019	Miami	Kent State
Tournament eliminated by conference for 2020–21 season
2021	Miami	Longwood	Miami Field Hockey Complex • Oxford, Ohio
2022	Miami	Appalachian State

By school

The following is a list of tournament champions and runners-up listed by school and the years each team was eligible to play in the tournament.

Program	Tenure	Titles	Title years	Runners-up	Runners-up years
Kent State	1983–2019 2021–present	12	1988, 1991, 1992, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2002, 2008, 2010, 2014, 2015, 2016	10	1993, 1994, 1997, 2001, 2004, 2011, 2012, 2017, 2018, 2019
Ball State	1983–2019 2021–present	9	1983, 1984, 1985, 1986, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1997	7	1988, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1998, 1999, 2006
Miami	1983–2019 2021–present	7	2012, 2013, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2021, 2022	6	2005, 2007, 2009, 2010, 2015, 2016
Ohio	1983–2019 2021–present	6	1987, 2001, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2011	6	1986, 2000, 2002, 2003, 2008, 2014
Central Michigan	1983–2019 2021–present	2	1990, 2005	4	1987, 1989, 1995, 2013
Longwood	2014–2019 2021–present	0		1	2021
Appalachian State	2017–2019 2021–present	0		1	2022
Bellarmine	2021–present	0		0
Toledo	1983–1990	0		2	1984, 1985
Northern Illinois	1983–1986	0		1	1983
Eastern Michigan	1983–1987	0		0
Louisville	1994–2004	2	2003, 2004	0
Missouri State	2005–2016	0		0

Former conference members shaded in ██ silver

Franklin Township, Portage County, Ohio

Government

The township is governed by a three-member board of trustees, who are elected in November of odd-numbered years to a four-year term beginning on the following January 1. Two are elected in the year after the presidential election and one is elected in the year before it. There is also an elected township fiscal officer, who serves a four-year term beginning on April 1 of the year after the election, which is held in November of the year before the presidential election. Vacancies in the fiscal officership or on the board of trustees are filled by the remaining trustees. As of 2006, the trustees are Mark Beckwith, Keith Benjamin, and Gary Falstad, and the fiscal officer is Sue Lucas.

Stanton Middle School (Kent, Ohio)

• International acclaim for Stanton team

Kent Template

Category:Ohio navigational boxes

Six District Educational Compact

The Six District Education Compact is an educational consortium made up of six public school districts in Portage and Summit Counties in Northeast Ohio. The compact was established in 1969 and was the first of its kind in Ohio sharing the various vocational resources of member school districts instead of forming a joint vocational school. It formed as a result of a state mandate to provide vocational education to every high school student. As of 2010 it includes 25 programs available to high school students as well as additional programs for middle school students and adult education classes.

Ravenna, Ohio

Government

Ravenna is governed by a mayor–council form of government. The city is divided into four wards and voters select a mayor, a council representative for their ward, and three at-large council members. Joseph Bica began his term as mayor January 4, 2010.

Kent State Athletics

Main article: Kent State Golden Flashes

Athletic teams at Kent State are known as the Golden Flashes and the school colors are officially "Kent State Blue" and "Kent State Gold". The Golden Flashes are members of the Mid-American Conference (MAC) as part of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I (Football Bowl Subdivision and field 9 women's and 7 men's varsity athletic teams. The university also has a club men's ice hockey team that competes in the American Collegiate Hockey Association as a member of the Central States Collegiate Hockey League.

The first athletic event at the school was a men's basketball game in 1913, and the baseball team was organized in 1915. The first football team was established in 1920. Initially, teams were known as the Silver Foxes because of president John Edward McGilvrey's silver fox farm just east of campus. After McGilvrey's controversial firing in 1926, the school had a contest for a new name and Golden Flashes was chosen. It was formally adopted in 1927. The school colors of blue and gold were officially chosen in 1925 by a committee after they had been used along with the original colors of orange and blue for several years. Kent State joined the Ohio Conference in 1932 and joined the Mid-American Conference in 1951.

The most successful program at Kent State is the men's golf team, which has won a MAC-record 19 conference titles, made 20 appearances in the NCAA regional round, and 15 appearances in the NCAA final rounds, finishing as high as 6th in 2008. Notable players include 2003 British Open champion and professional golfer Ben Curtis. The women's golf team has won 13 consecutive MAC titles, all 13 years that the MAC has had a championship in women's golf. Kent State has won the Reese Cup for best MAC men's athletic program 6 times and has won the Jacoby Cup for best women's athletic program 7 times.

The Flashes had success in the Mid-American Conference, earned the Mid-American Conference's Reese Cup for best men's athletic program in 2000, 2002 and 2006 and the Jacoby Cup for best women's athletic program in 1989, 1996, 1997, 1999, 2004 and 2005.[1]. In 2002 the Men's Basketball team advanced to NCAA "Elite Eight", while the baseball team, women's basketball, gymnastics, men's golf, and women's golf teams have won numerous MAC titles and advanced to NCAA tournament play. Some notable athletic alumni include: Missouri Tigers head football coach Gary Pinkel, 2003 British Open Champion and current PGA member Ben Curtis, former New York Yankees catcher Thurman Munson, Thomas Jefferson (athlete) 1984 200m Olympic bronze medalist, former Pittsburgh Steelers linebacker Jack Lambert, Pittsburgh Steelers linebacker James Harrison, ESPN Analyst and former college football coach Lou Holtz, San Diego Chargers tight end Antonio Gates (who played basketball at KSU, not football), Cleveland Browns return specialist Joshua Cribbs, former San Diego Padres pitcher Dustin Hermanson, Tampa Bay Rays pitcher Andy Sonnanstine, Los Angeles Dodgers pitcher Matt Guerrier, and Alabama Crimson Tide head football coach Nick Saban, New England Patriots Wide Receiver Julian Edelman.

Facilities

When the team was established in 1914, games were played on front campus in a primitive open area. Rockwell Field opened around 1920 and it was shared with the football and track teams with the baseball field located near the original heating plant on the western edge of the field. Rockwell Field was the home of the baseball team through the 1941 season as their new home along Summit Street was completed, but the grass had not taken root by the start of baseball season in 1941. Beginning in 1942, the team played at was was originally just referred to as the "ball field" as part of the "new athletic fields", an area along Summit Street that had previously been used for agriculture classes and had been known as the College Farm. Adjacent to the baseball field on the southeast was Memorial Stadium and in 1950, the new Men's Physical Education Building opened immediately to the northeast. The field was a significant improvement over the more primitive conditions at Rockwell Field.

By 1960, campus growth necessitated construction of a new baseball diamond on the opposite side of Memorial Stadium and the "ball field" site was used for construction of two classroom buildings: Bowman Hall in 1962 and later Satterfield Hall. The new field, known as Memorial Field, would serve as the home of the baseball team for only five seasons, from 1961 through 1965.

Brown-Kent Tannery

Brown-Kent Tannery
Formerly listed on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places
Location	Kent, Ohio
Coordinates	41°09′02″N 81°21′47″W
Architectural style	Greek Revival
NRHP reference No.	73002290
Significant dates
Added to NRHP	1973
Removed from NRHP	1976

The Brown-Kent Tannery was a historic building in Kent, Ohio, United States, listed on the National Register of Historic Places. It was built in 1836 and is best known for its connection with abolitionist John Brown, who was one of its original financiers along with Zenas Kent, father of Kent namesake Marvin Kent. The partnership between Kent and Brown dissolved prior to the building's completion and the tannery was operated by the Kent family for many years, located across the street from their flour mill, built in 1832. Later in the 19th century, the building was used as a sawmill.

The tannery was a Greek Revival building located along Stow Street adjacent to the Cuyahoga River in the area of Kent that the original settlers, the Haymakers, had settled in early 1806. At the time of the tannery's construction, the Pennsylvania and Ohio Canal was also being built in Kent, then known as Franklin Mills, and the area that is now downtown Kent was platted and the first commercial buildings built. Many in the area felt that the village was poised to become a major manufacturing center, but the Panic of 1837 and other events ended any hopes for further development.

By the mid to late 20th century, the building itself was abandoned and had fallen into a severe state of disrepair while the surrounding site was used as a junkyard. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Place in 1973, the first site in Kent listed on the register. Three years later, however, the tannery was razed as part of an environmental cleanup by the Kent Environmental Council and was subsequently de-listed by the National Park Service. In September 1980, the site was made into a 1.6-acre (0.65 ha) park, known as John Brown Tannery Park, which is located between Fred Fuller Park to the south and Franklin Mills Riveredge Park to the north. The park features a small gazebo built using wood from the tannery. Since May 2010, the Department of Recreational Services at Kent State University has operated a canoe and kayak livery from Tannery Park, offering trips on the river to Brust Park in Munroe Falls and Waterworks Park in Cuyahoga Falls. The park is also an access point for the Portage Hike and Bike Trail. A paved segment of the trail extending south from the park was completed and dedicated in 2014.

May 4, 1970, Kent State Shootings Site

Kent State Shootings Site
U.S. National Register of Historic Places
U.S. National Historic Landmark
Location	½ mi. SE of the intersection of E. Main St. and S. Lincoln St., Kent, Ohio
Coordinates	41°09′00″N 81°20′36″W
Area	17.24 acres (6.98 ha)
NRHP reference No.	10000046
Significant dates
Added to NRHP	February 23, 2010
Designated NHL	December 23, 2016

The May 4, 1970, Kent State Shootings Site is a National Historic Landmark in Kent, Ohio, United States, on the campus of Kent State University. The 17.24-acre (6.98 ha) site is the location of the Kent State shootings that occurred on May 4, 1970, where four students were killed and nine wounded after being fired on by the Ohio Army National Guard during a student protest of the Vietnam War. The site is near the geographic center of the campus and includes three subareas, six contributing structures, and nine non-contributing structures. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on February 23, 2010, just prior to the 40th anniversary of the shootings, despite the National Park Service typically requiring historical events and places to be at least 50 years removed. It was designated a National Historic Landmark on December 23, 2016.[2][3]

In the early development of Kent State University, the site was on the eastern edge of the new campus. It was first developed around 1920 as Rockwell Field, the school's first formal athletic field, used for baseball, football, and track and field. As the university grew, the site was later re-purposed for intramural sports, parking, and a commons area adjacent to the first student union building, which opened in 1949. By the late 1960s, additional academic buildings had been built in the area and the grassy area known as the Commons was a regular site for student protests and demonstrations voicing opposition to the Vietnam War. The protest that took place on May 4, 1970, was specifically in opposition to the Cambodian Campaign, which had been announced a few days earlier on April 30. The National Guard was present after they had been requested by the city of Kent's mayor following unrest and property destruction in the city's downtown area the night of May 1. The campus Reserve Officer Training Corps (ROTC) building, adjacent to the Commons, was burned down on May 2 and the protest began around noon.

Since 1971, the site has been the location of the May 4 Commemoration, held annually on May 4 with an evening vigil on May 3. The most visible physical change to the site since 1970 was the construction of the Memorial Gym Annex from 1977–1979. The construction of the Annex was highly controversial and led to tent city on the construction site in 1977 and a failed effort to have the site declared a National Landmark. In the early 2000s, the adjacent dormitories, Stopher and Johnson Halls, were razed and replaced with new buildings in the same footprint. The facade of Johnson Hall facing the site was designed to look as the original did in 1970.

The area is used primarily as open green space and for regular university functions. A new student center opened in 1973 and shifted the main activity away from the Commons as the former student union building was re-purposed as Oscar Ritchie Hall. The prefabricated buildings along the site's northern boundary were demolished later in the 1970s. Multiple memorials to the victims of the shooting have also been built on the site over the years, as well as Daffodil Hill, a memorial of 58,175 daffodils to honor those who died in the Vietnam War. In 2010 interpretive signs were installed around the site and in 2013, a visitor center was opened in the lower level of Taylor Hall.

History

At the founding of Kent State University in 1910, the area that now constitutes the site was east of the original campus boundaries and was was either woodland or used as farmland. Over time, as the school expanded, the area was added to campus. By 1920, the need for a permanent athletic field led to the leveling of an area behind the original heating plant, later called Rockwell Field. Rockwell Field was the original home of the Kent State football and men's track teams, and the first permanent home of the KSU baseball team. It was used for intercollegiate athletics, intramural sports, and recreation until the early 1940s, when new athletic facilities were constructed to the southeast. In time, Rockwell Field became the Rockwell Commons and eventually simply "the Commons". A new dormitory along the northern edge of Rockwell Field, Engleman Hall, named after Kent State president James O. Engleman, was completed in 1938. It was the first new dormitory at Kent State since Moulton Hall, part of the original campus, opened in 1917. One year later, an addition was completed on the original heating plant. Just prior to his death, Engleman dedicated Lilac Lane in 1943, a walkway along the northern edge of the field lined with lilac bushes, in honor of his wife Anna Ulmer Engleman, who had died earlier that year.

After World War II, the university saw an rapid increase in enrollment, especially among men, so temporary prefabricated structures were brought to the area and placed on the northeastern edge of the Commons, used for an early student union, known as the Hub, and for classroom space. Among the classroom uses of the buildings was that of the Army Reserve Officers' Training Corps (ROTC), which was established in July 1947 and used the Commons for drills and exercises. Around the same time, construction began on a new Student Union building in the area along the northern edge of the Commons, adjacent to the prefabricated buildings. It was completed in 1949.

The area surrounding the Commons continued to see construction and growth as enrollment continued to rise in the late 1940s and into the 1950s. The first men's dormitory built at Kent State, Stopher Hall, was built on the western end of the Commons in 1948, followed by the adjacent Johnston Hall in 1956. Other modifications and additions in the 1950s included the Victory Bell in 1951 and the construction of Prentice Hall, named after Kent State's first female faculty member May Prentice, in 1959. The final major change in the current district before the shootings was the opening of Taylor Hall, which opened in January 1967 and was dedicated later that year. The building, located at the top of Blanket Hill and overlooking the Commons, is named after William D. Taylor, the head of the KSU School of Journalism for 27 years. It was built to house the College of Fine and Professional Arts, the Department of Architecture, and the School of Journalism.

Kent State shootings

Main article: Kent State shootings

Being at the heart of campus and adjacent to the Student Union, the Commons was a regular gathering place for a number of social and intramural sports events, and was also regularly used for women's physical education classes. By the mid 1960s, it was also a regular gathering place for student demonstrations, mostly against the ongoing Vietnam War. The Victory Bell, an old railroad bell donated to the university in 1950 to be rung after athletic victories, was used as a means to call people to the demonstrations. One of the first anti-war protests on the Commons was held October 12, 1966, when the Kent Committee to End the War in Vietnam hosted a speak-out with students and faculty. As the war continued, demonstrations increased in frequency.

U.S. President Richard Nixon announced the Cambodian Campaign in a speech on April 30, 1970, which set off protests around the country, including at Kent State. On May 1, a demonstration was held that drew approximately 500 people as protesters buried a copy of the U.S. Constitution on the Commons while a rally was held in front of the Student Union. Plans were also made for a rally to be held at noon on May 4. The night of May 1, unrest in downtown Kent led to damage of several storefronts, resulting in Kent mayor Leroy Satrom declaring a state of emergency and requesting the Ohio Army National Guard for assistance. The Guard arrived late on May 2, during a large demonstration in front of the ROTC building. During the demonstration, arsonists set the building on fire and protesters prevented firemen from extinguishing the blaze by slashing the fire hoses.

The following day, May 3, a scheduled rally was held on the Commons at 8:00 PM, though the Guard dispersed the gathering by 8:45. Demonstrators instead gathered at the intersection of East Main and South Lincoln Streets and staged a sit-in until that was also dispersed by the Guard around 11 PM with claims a curfew was in effect.

The university attempted to block the scheduled gathering on Monday, May 4, handing out 12,000 pamphlets saying the event was canceled. In spite of those efforts, an estimated 2,000 people gathered on the Commons before noon, summoned by ringing the Victory Bell. The Guard attempted to break up the gathering first by reading an order to disperse. After that attempt was rebuffed by protesters, the Guard returned just before noon and began using tear gas. The tear gas, however, also proved ineffective, so 77 Guard troops armed with M1 Garand rifles, began advancing towards the demonstrators, forcing them to retreat southward up Blanket Hill and then east past Taylor Hall towards the Prentice Hall parking lot and the adjacent practice field. After approximately 10 minutes, the Guard began to march back up Blanket Hill towards the Commons

In the immediate aftermath of the shootings, travel into the city of Kent was restricted and a curfew imposed by the Guard until May 8. The campus was immediately closed and remained closed for six weeks, opening at the start of the summer term in late June. The Student strike of 1970 was held at college campuses across the country in direct protest of the shootings, along with a protest in Washington, DC, that drew 100,000 people and one in San Francisco that drew 150,000. Further, 30 ROTC buildings around the country were burned or bombed. President Nixon created the President's Commission on Campus Unrest in response to the shootings and the subsequent violence at Jackson State University in Mississippi.

Site developments

A new 12-story library, part of a new University Center, opened in August 1970. The adjacent Kent Student Center opened in January 1973, shifting the main activity center of campus away from the Commons. The former Student Union building was re-purposed as a classroom building and named Oscar Ritchie Hall, after Kent State's first African-American professor. The Art Building, located along the northwest edge of the Commons, opened in September 1972. Initial plans had been announced in April 1970 and construction began one year later. The remaining prefabricated buildings were torn down soon after. West Hall was demolished in April 1971 to make way for the Art Building, South Hall was torn down in November 1972, and North Hall in September 1973.

Gym annex

The site was again the center of national media attention beginning in late 1976 after the university announced plans to construct an annex to Memorial Gym in an area overlapping where much of the events surrounding the shootings took place, in particular, much of the practice field and part of Blanket Hill. Although plans had been in place for an annex prior to the shootings, no progress had been made since then and the university had to apply for state appropriations. Protests were organized to prevent construction of the annex, with arguments that construction would negatively alter the site of the shootings. Alternative sites and options were considered, even a dome being built over Dix Stadium similar to the Kibbie Dome at the University of Idaho, which had recently been completed. Members of the May 4 Task Force attempted in January 1977 to have the site listed as a historic site to prevent construction, but the application was narrowly rejected by the Ohio Historic Site Preservation Advisory Board because the historical event was too recent. An attempt was also made to have the site designated a National Historic Landmark through a bill sponsored by South Dakota senator James Abourezk in September 1977, but, despite support from the KSU Faculty Senate, the designation was unanimously rejected by the Department of the Interior in March and April 1978. After the university administration rejected other options in favor of the chosen site, mostly due to the potential loss of state funding, member of the May 4 Coalition organized a tent city on the gym site in May 1977. Tent City lasted approximately two months and was successful in both drawing attention to the protest and delaying construction. Groundwork began on the site July 29 before being halted by court order on August 17. During that time, singer Joan Baez came to campus August 20, 1977 as part of a rally on the Commons to protest the annex that attracted some 1,500 people. Work resumed on September 8 with construction starting September 19. The building was completed in 1979.

Contributing structures
Name	Coordinates	Built	Named for	Significance	Photo
Taylor Hall	41°09′01″N 81°20′39″W	1966–67	William Taylor, KSU professor of journalism	Home of School of Journalism in 1970, prominent in background of photos
Victory Bell	41°09′02″N 81°20′40″W	1952	Originally rung to celebrate athletic wins	Used in 1960s and 70s as a way to signal the start of rallies; rallying point during shootings
Lilac Lane and Boulder Marker	41°09′04″N 81°20′47″W	1943	Walkway lined with lilac bushes	Visible in images from the event; clear boundary of area
The Pagoda	41°08′59″N 81°20′39″W	1970	Concrete and wood pagoda	Highly visible and recognizable landmark in photos; focal point for National Guard
Solar Totem	41°09′00″N 81°20′38″W	1967	Sculpture to represent "totemic" status of Northeast Ohio's industrial period	Highly visible and recognizable landmark in photos; sculpture has bullet hole sustained during the shootings
Prentice Hall parking lot	41°09′01″N 81°20′35″W	1959	Adjacent to Prentice Hall dormitory, named for May Prentice, first female faculty member at Kent State	Seven students were shot in and around the Prentice Hall lot, including all four who died

Gym annex controversy

The gym annex controversy is a series of events, particularly demonstrations and protests, that mainly occurred between 1976 and 1978 primarily at Kent State University in Kent, Ohio, United States. At issue was the construction of an annex to Memorial Gymnasium and its location in part of the area associated with the Kent State shootings, which had occurred only a few years prior in 1970. The resulting controversy attracted national attention, in local and national media, from members of the United States Congress, and from the United States Department of the Interior.

The new facility, which was for the School of Health, Physical Education, and Recreation, or HPER, had been planned since the 1960s, but a preferred site was not chosen until April 1970, and funding was not available until 1975. The site, immediately north of the existing Memorial Gym, included a part of Blanket Hill and an adjacent practice field where protesters and members of the Ohio Army National Guard had been during the events surrounding the Kent State shootings on May 4, 1970. Many felt the entire site should be preserved as it was in 1970 as a memorial and that construction of the annex would undermine the site's integrity. Plans were formally announced in 1976 and student opposition to the site was first expressed in November of that year. Protests over the building began in early May 1977 and culminated in the establishment of a tent city from May 12 to July 12. Tent city was broken the morning of July 12 when the university received a court order to disperse, leading to the arrests of 193 people. A protest one month later included an appearance by musician and activist Joan Baez.

After multiple legal challenges, including an appeal to the Supreme Court, and attempts to have the site changed, construction on the building began in September 1977. Protests continued through October 1977 and the site was denied historic status by the U.S. Department of the Interior in January 1978. The annex opened in July 1979. The building, now known as the Memorial Athletic and Convocation Center Annex, or MACC Annex, was included as a "non-contributing structure" in the May 4, 1970 Kent State Shootings site, listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2010. When the site was declared a National Historic Landmark in 2017, the annex controversy was listed as one of the significant periods on the site, with July 12 as a specific significant date.

Cleveland Cavaliers

Logos and colors

The official team colors for the Cavaliers are wine, gold, Navy blue, and white. The wine and gold The current primary logo was introduced in 2003 and modified slightly in 2010 when the team colors were restored to the original shades of wine and gold. In addition to the primary logo, the

Metro League (Ohio)

The Metropolitan League, often referred to as the Metro League, was a high school athletic association that existed in Northeast Ohio from 1937 to 1996. The league started with five charter members: Coventry High School, Ellet High School, Kent State High School, Springfield High School, and Stow High School. Initially, league members were schools with smaller enrollments. Suburban growth beginning in the 1950s, however, led to enrollment growth in many of the schools and admittance of larger schools over time. Membership reached as many as eight schools in the 1960s before being reduced to five by the early 1990s. In 1995, the remaining five schools agreed to merge with five schools from the neighboring Chagrin Valley Conference (CVC) to form the Western Reserve Conference. The five Metro schools became the South Division of the new conference, which began play in August 1996.

History

The first meeting to organize the league was held September 28, 1936, in Stow at the old Stow High School. The meeting included principals from four area high schools: Ellet, Kent State, Springfield, and Stow. A second meeting was held on November 23, 1936, which added a fifth school, Coventry High School, and the league's constitution and by-laws were created and adopted. League competition began in 1937. The league grew to nine schools in 1954 with the addition of Copley, Kent Roosevelt, and Wadsworth high schools, while Kent State High School left the league.

• Cuyahoga Falls High School; 1978–1996
• Stow-Munroe Falls High School; 1937–1996
• Barberton High School; 1993–1996
• Theodore Roosevelt High School; 1954–1996
• Kent State High School; 1937–1954
• Springfield High School; 1937–1993
• Tallmadge High School; 1949–1990
• Ellet High School; 1937–1971
• Coventry High School; 1937–1969
• Ravenna High School; 1963–1996
• Wadsworth High School; 1954–1963
• Norton High School; 1949?–1972
• North Canton High School; 1945–1952

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Salem

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Kent State University campuses and facilities in Northeast Ohio

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Locations in Ohio

Portage County high schools

• Aurora High School
• Crestwood High School (1951) (Mantua-Shalersville High School, 1951–56)
  • Mantua High School (1948)
    • Mantua Village High School (Mantua Station High School)
    • Mantua Township High School (Mantua Center High School) (1916)
  • Shalerville High School
  • Hiram High School (joined 1964)
• Field High School (1961)
  • Brimfield Junior High School (Brimfield High School until 1930)
  • Suffield High School
• James A. Garfield High School (aka Garrettsville High School until 1951)
  • Nelson High School (joined 1948)
  • Freedom High School (joined 1951)
• Kent State High School (1914–1972) (aka Kent Normal High School until 1920s)
  • Franklin Township School (1922–59)
  • Brimfield Junior High School (1930–62)
• Ravenna High School (1859) (aka Ravenna City High School)
  • Ravenna Township High School (joined 1960)
• Theodore Roosevelt High School (1868) (aka Kent High School or Kent Central High School until 1922)
  • Brady Lake School (joined 1959...students had already been attending TRHS since 1930s)
  • Franklin Township School (joined 1959 from Kent State High School)
• Rootstown High School (1884)
• Southeast High School (1950)
  • Charlestown High School
  • Deerfield High School
  • Edinburg High School
  • Palmyra High School
  • Paris High School
• Streetsboro High School (1902, 1963)
• Waterloo High School (1967)
  • Atwater High School
  • Randolph High School
• Windham High School

• Suffield High School Big Red
• Mantua High School Big Red
• Mantua Township High School (Mantua Center HS)
• Kent State High School Blue Devils and Statesmen (1960–72)
• Aurora High School Greenmen (until 1968)
• Atwater High School Spartans
• Randolph High School Tigers
• Ravenna Township High School Bulldogs (until 1960)
• Freedom High School
• Hiram High School
• Garrettsville High School
• Deerfield High School
• Charlestown High School
• Palmyra High School
• Shalersville High School
• Brimfield High School (junior high school, 1930–62)
• Brady Lake High School (junior high school, 1930s–59)
• 1939–50 Six-man football (Deerfield, Windham, Hiram, Mantua, Edinburg, Shalersville, Palmyra)
• 1923–32 Class A & B divisions

L.N. Gross Company Building

L.N. Gross Company Building
U.S. National Register of Historic Places
West and south facades, April 2018
Location in the state of Ohio JonRidinger/sandbox (Ohio)
Location	315 Gougler Avenue, Kent, Ohio, U.S.
Coordinates	41°09′23″N 81°21′35″W
Built	1928
Architect	Charles G. Kistler
Architectural style	Commercial, Art Deco
NRHP reference No.	16000598
Added to NRHP	September 2, 2016

The L.N. Gross Company Building is a historic building in Kent, Ohio, United States, listed on the National Register of Historic Places since September 2, 2016. It was built in 1928 as a dress and garment factory of the Cleveland-based L.N. Gross Company, which had expanded into Kent earlier in the 20th century. A commercial style building with art deco elements, it was designed by architect Charles G. Kistler, the first licensed architect in the city of Kent. The facility functioned as a garment factory until 1936, after which production was transferred to Cleveland.

Following the closure of the factory, the building was purchased around 1940 by the Kent-based C.L. Gougler Machine Company, who used it to manufacture defense products during World War II. Later, the building was used as an A&P grocery store before being vacant by the 1980s. It was purchased and restored in 1994 by Dale Adams Enterprises and used for the restoration of classic cars. Adams sold the building in December 2015 to Bob and Ryan Cene of Youngstown, Ohio, who began a restoration project, scheduled to be completed in 2017. Once completed, the building will house an architecture firm, a bottled water start-up company, and a single two-story loft apartment.

The L.N. Gross Company Building was nominated for the National Register under Criterion A for its connection to the Kent Chamber of Commerce and Criterion C since it is the only example of a manufacturing facility designed by Charles Kistler. It is located in central Kent along Ohio State Route 43 just north of the Franklin Township Hall, and is adjacent to the western shore of the Cuyahoga River.

History

The L.N. Gross Company was established in Cleveland by Russian immigrant Louis N. Gross in 1898. It was one of the early businesses in the ready-to-wear garment industry that emerged in the U.S. during the late 19th century, focusing on women's clothing, particularly shirtwaists. The company first came to Kent in 1904 when a small factory was opened near the present intersection of North Mantua and Gougler Avenue that employed 15 women and girls. This factory lasted a few years, but eventually closed. The company returned to Kent in 1914 when it opened a branch factory in the former alpaca mill on South River Street, which had been vacant since 1889. The factory was known as "The L.N. Gross Co. Shirt Waist Factory" and by 1928 had a workforce of 150 women and girls.

Looking to expand, the company requested the Kent Chamber of Commerce find a suitable location in the city for a new factory. The chamber organized the "L.N. Gross Fund Drive" and managed to raise $6,000 by May and ultimately raised $8,357 for the purchase of a new site. Construction on the factory began in July 1928 at a site along North River Street (later renamed Gougler Avenue) sold to the company by the Kent-based Gougler Machine Company. Gougler sold the site to the Chamber of Commerce for $1,500 less than its original cost and the real estate agent waived his $400 commission on the sale. Charles Kistler was hired as architect for the building, while Super Built Construction of Cleveland served as main contractor. Kistler was the first licensed architect in the city of Kent, gaining his license in August 1922. Previously, Kistler had designed a number of other civic and commercial buildings in Kent and the surrounding area, including the original home of Theodore Roosevelt High School, which opened in 1922. The factory was designed to fit 250 machines and employ up to 400 women and girls.

The new factory, which cost $60,000 to build, opened with a public dedication ceremony on October 8, 1928. The dedication program drew over 1,000 people and featured tours, food, games, an orchestra for dancing, the high school marching band, and speakers, including Kent State Normal College president James Engleman. The Chamber charged a 25-cent admission to further aid the fund drive. Louis Gross was unable to attend the dedication, but sent his three sons in his place. Following the dedication, workers moved to the new building, located approximately a quarter-mile (0.4 km) north of the old alpaca mill on the same street.

The Kent factory manufactured the company's Wellworth line of house dresses and the Wirthmor line of street dresses, all of which retailed between $1.00 to $2.00. At its peak, the factory produced 4,800 dresses per day and had a workforce of 300 women and girls. It served as a major source of income in Kent during the onset of the Great Depression in the early 1930s as one of the city's largest employers. The factory, however, closed in August 1936 and production transferred to Cleveland. A six-week strike in 1935 by the Ladies Garment Workers Union had idled the Kent and Cleveland factories, which damaged the stability of the company. In closing the plant, Louis Gross stated the factory had lost money its last two years. The following year, a new production facility opened in Fayetteville, Tennessee.

After the closure of the factory, the building sat vacant for a few years before being purchased by the C.L. Gougler Machine Company, the original owners of the site, around 1940. Gougler, later called Gougler Industries, used the building to manufacture defense products for use in World War II. After the war, the building was used as a grocery store, owned by The Great Atlantic & Pacific Tea Company, also known as A&P. By the 1980s, however, the building was vacant and remained as such until 1994 when it was purchased and restored by Dale Adams, to house car restoration company Dale Adams Enterprises.

Architecture

The building is designed in the commercial style of architecture with a brick facade and large windows and includes motifs in the art deco style. The front or west facade facing Gougler Avenue is one story in height and is 246 feet (75 m) long. In the center is a 40-foot (12 m) square tower that includes the main entrance and has "THE L.N. GROSS CO." engraved over the double doors.

Kent State Golden Flashes women's gymnastics

Kent State Golden Flashes women's gymnastics
Founded	1959
University	Kent State University
Head coach	Brice Biggin (28th season)
Conference	Mid-American Conference
Location	Kent, Ohio
Home arena	Memorial Athletic and Convocation Center (Capacity: 6,327)
Nickname	Golden Flashes
Colors	Navy blue and gold
NCAA Tournament appearances
1984, 1986, 1988, 1989, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 2000, 2001, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2021
Conference championships
Ohio state championship 1975, 1976, 1977, 1978 Mid-American Conference 1981, 1984, 1988, 1989, 1994, 1996, 1997, 2001, 2005, 2008, 2009, 2015

The Kent State Golden Flashes women's gymnastics team is an intercollegiate athletic program at Kent State University in Kent, Ohio, United States. The Golden Flashes compete in the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) at the Division I level as a member of the Mid-American Conference (MAC). Established in 1959 by Rudy and Janet Bachna, the team is the oldest collegiate women's gymnastics program in the United States. They began competing at Amateur Athletic Union (AAU) meets in 1960 and intercollegiate competition in 1964. During the 1970s. the Flashes won four state titles in the era before women's gymnastics was sponsored at the conference and NCAA levels. MAC competition began in 1981 after women's gymnastics was added as a sponsored sport and the NCAA began holding a women's gymnastics championship the following year. Through the 2017 season, Kent State has won eight MAC regular-season championships, 12 MAC Championship titles, and made 27 appearances in the NCAA Women's Gymnastics Championships. The program's best finish was 12th nationally in 2011 after they finished second at the regional level to become the first MAC team to qualify for the championship meet.

Since 1979, all home meets are held in the Memorial Athletic and Convocation Center, which includes a gymnastics practice area. Brice Biggin, a Kent State alumnus who was a member of the Kent State men's gymnastics team, serves as head coach, a position he has held since 1992. Under Biggin, Kent State has made 22 of their total appearances in the NCAA tournament and won eight of their MAC titles. Other notable people from the program include two members of the United States women's national gymnastics team, Betty Jean Maycock in 1960 and Marie Walther in 1964.

History

The program was established in 1959 as a club sport, organized by Rudy Bachna, his wife Janet, and brother Joe. The club initially had between 70 and 75 members and included men and women from both KSU and the Kent State University School. A men's gymnastics team had existed at Kent State as far back as 1930 and functioned as a varsity sport from 1949 through 1951 before returning to club status in 1952. In their first season, the club hosted the AAU women's gymnastics national championship at Memorial Gym, which also served as the preliminary trials for the 1959 Pan American Games. The following season, both the women and men competed at the AAU meet in Cleveland with KSU winning the women's division and finishing second in the men's division.

The women's gymnastics team began intercollegiate competition in 1964 with a quadrangular meet on February 23 with Penn State, Michigan State, and host Ohio State. The meet, held at St. John Arena, was won by Kent State, and marked the first intercollegiate gymnastics meet ever held for women. The program received varsity status along with the men's gymnastics team in 1970, and went undefeated in dual meets for both their final club season and their inaugural varsity season. The dual meet winning streak reached 59 before ending in March 1973. During that time, Kent State was a regular participant in the regional and national meets for the Division for Girls' and Women's Sports (DGWS), which later became the Association for Intercollegiate Athletics for Women or AIAW. The Flashes finished 2nd in the Midwest regional in 1971, followed by a 7th place finish in the national championship meet. The 1972 team finished 3rd in the regional meet and 8th at nationals, while the 1973 team finished 7th nationally after a 2nd place regional finish.

Beginning in 1975, a yearly state championship meet was held, with the first two meets held in Columbus at Ohio State. Kent State won the first four championships, with the 1977 meet held in Youngstown at Youngstown State and the 1978 meet hosted in Kent at Memorial Gym. The Flashes finished second in 1979 at Ohio State and third in 1980 at Bowling Green. Although the Mid-American Conference began holding an annual championship meet the following season, the state meet continued through 1982. By the 1981 meet, held in Oxford, Ohio, at Miami University, the number of participating teams had been reduced to four, while the final state meet, held in Columbus, featured only Kent State and Ohio State. The Flashes finished second in the final two state meets. The state championship meet was revived in 2001 as the All-Ohio Meet held during the regular season, rotating between Ohio State, Bowling Green, and Kent State, the last three remaining Division I women's gymnastics programs in the state. It was held through the 2008 season, with the Flashes hosting in 2002, 2005, and 2008, and winning the meet in 2005 and 2008.

MAC championships

Kent State has the Mid-American Conference Gymnastics Championships, which began in 1981, 12 times and has produced seven individual all-around champions through 2017. Since 2003, the MAC has also recognized a regular-season champion, which the Flashes have won eight times.

Mid-American Conference championship
Year	Location	Finish	All-around
1981	Memorial Gymnasium • Kent, Ohio	1st
1982	Anderson Arena • Bowling Green, Ohio	7th
1983	Irving Gymnasium • Muncie, Indiana	2nd
1984	Chick Evans Field House • DeKalb, Illinois	1st
1985	Rose Arena • Mount Pleasant, Michigan	6th
1986	Read Fieldhouse • Kalamazoo, Michigan	2nd
1987	Bowen Field House • Ypsilanti, Michigan	5th
1988	Memorial Gymnasium • Kent, Ohio	1st	Dainty Hiser
1989	Anderson Arena • Bowling Green, Ohio	1st
1990	Irving Gymnasium • Muncie, Indiana	2nd
1991	Rose Arena • Mount Pleasant, Michigan	6th
1992	Read Fieldhouse • Kalamazoo, Michigan	5th
1993	Bowen Field House • Ypsilanti, Michigan	3rd
1994	Memorial Athletic and Convocation Center • Kent, Ohio	1st	Michelle Naessig
1995	Worthen Arena • Muncie, Indiana	5th
1996	Anderson Arena • Bowling Green, Ohio	1st	Shelly Stambaugh
1997	Rose Arena • Mount Pleasant, Michigan	1st	Michelle Naessig
1998	Chick Evans Field House • DeKalb, Illinois	4th
1999	University Arena • Kalamazoo, Michigan	3rd
2000	Convocation Center • Ypsilanti, Michigan	3rd
2001	Memorial Athletic and Convocation Center • Kent, Ohio	1st
2002	Worthen Arena • Muncie, Indiana	3rd
2003	Anderson Arena • Bowling Green, Ohio	2nd
2004	Rose Arena • Mount Pleasant, Michigan	2nd
2005	Convocation Center • DeKalb, Illinois	1st
2006	University Arena • Kalamazoo, Michigan	3rd
2007	Convocation Center • Ypsilanti, Michigan	2nd
2008	Memorial Athletic and Convocation Center • Kent, Ohio	1st
2009	Worthen Arena • Muncie, Indiana	1st
2010	Anderson Arena • Bowling Green, Ohio	2nd
2011	McGuirk Arena • Mount Pleasant, Michigan	2nd
2012	Convocation Center • DeKalb, Illinois	2nd
2013	University Arena • Kalamazoo, Michigan	3rd	Marie Case
2014	Convocation Center • Ypsilanti, Michigan	2nd	Marie Case
2015	Memorial Athletic and Convocation Center • Kent, Ohio	1st
2016	Worthen Arena • Muncie, Indiana	5th
2017	Stroh Center • Bowling Green, Ohio	5th	Rachel Stypinski
2018	McGuirk Arena • Mount Pleasant, Michigan	6th
2019	Convocation Center • DeKalb, Illinois	4th
2020	University Arena • Kalamazoo, Michigan	Cancelled
2021	University Arena • Kalamazoo, Michigan	3rd
Totals: 8 Regular-season championships 12 MAC Championship meet titles 7 MAC All-Around champions

Regular-season conference championships shaded in ██ gold; championship meet and all-around titles shaded in ██ yellow.

NCAA tournament

Through the 2020 season, Kent State has made 27 appearances in the NCAA Women's Gymnastics Championships, which debuted in 1982.

NCAA Women's Gymnastics Championships
Year	Round	Location	Finish
1984	Regional	Rec Hall • State College, Pennsylvania	6th
1986	Regional	Rec Hall • State College, Pennsylvania	4th
1988	Regional	Rec Hall • State College, Pennsylvania	6th
1989	Regional	Rec Hall • State College, Pennsylvania	7th
1991	Regional	Lundholm Gym • Durham, New Hampshire	6th
1992	Regional	Rec Hall • State College, Pennsylvania	7th
1993	Regional	St. John Arena • Columbus, Ohio	6th
1994	Regional	Keaney Gymnasium • Kingston, Rhode Island	4th
1995	Regional	Memorial Athletic and Convocation Center • Kent, Ohio	2nd
1996	Regional	Rec Hall • State College, Pennsylvania	2nd
1997	Regional	St. John Arena • Columbus, Ohio	T-2nd
1998	Regional	Fitzgerald Field House • Pittsburgh	3rd
2000	Regional	Coleman Coliseum • Tuscaloosa, Alabama	5th
2001	Regional	Coleman Coliseum • Tuscaloosa, Alabama	6th
2003	Regional	Coleman Coliseum • Tuscaloosa, Alabama	6th
2004	Regional	Pete Maravich Assembly Center • Baton Rouge, Louisiana	6th
2005	Regional	Coleman Coliseum • Tuscaloosa, Alabama	5th
2008	Regional	Pete Maravich Assembly Center • Baton Rouge, Louisiana	6th
2009	Regional	St. John Arena • Columbus, Ohio	5th
2010	Regional	WVU Coliseum • Morgantown, West Virginia	5th
2011	Regional	Crisler Center • Ann Arbor, Michigan	2nd
	Championship	Wolstein Center • Cleveland	12th
2012	Regional	Reynolds Coliseum • Raleigh, North Carolina	6th
2013	Regional	Coleman Coliseum • Tuscaloosa, Alabama	6th
2014	Regional	Pete Maravich Assembly Center • Baton Rouge, Louisiana	4th
2016	Regional	Carver–Hawkeye Arena • Iowa City, Iowa	6th
2017	Regional	WVU Coliseum • Morgantown, West Virginia	6th
2018	Regional	St. John Arena • Columbus, Ohio	6th
2021	Regional	WVU Coliseum • Morgantown, West Virginia
Totals: 27 Regional appearances 1 Championship appearance

Facilities

"Pink Meet" at the MAC Center in March 2019

The program's home facility is the Memorial Athletic and Convocation Center, often called the MAC Center or MACC, which includes a gymnastics center on the building's north end. The gymnastics center was built as an addition along with the adjacent MACC Annex, opening in 1979, and connects to the main arena by a retractable wall. Until 2005, most meets were held in the gymnastics center, which seats approximately 500 fans by reversing the north baseline bleacher section from the main arena. Since 2005, all meets are held in the main arena, which is shared with the KSU men's basketball, women's basketball, women's volleyball, and wrestling teams. Prior to 1979, the team practiced and held some meets at Wills Gymnasium.

Coaches

Name	Years	Seasons	Overall record	Conference record	Conference titles	AIAW/NCAA appearances
Janet and Rudy Bachna	1964–1991	28	304–150–3 (.668)	36–31 (.537)	1975†, 1976†, 1977†, 1978†, 1981, 1984, 1988, 1989	AIAW Regional: 1971, 1972, 1973, 1974, 1975, 1976, 1977, 1978, 1979 AIAW Championship: 1971, 1972, 1973, 1974, 1975, 1976, 1978, 1979 NCAA Regional: 1984, 1986, 1988, 1989, 1991
Brice Biggin	1992–present	28	405–289–2 (.583)	122–47 (.722)	1994, 1996, 1997, 2001, 2005, 2008, 2009, 2015	NCAA Regional: 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 2000, 2001, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2016, 2017, 2018 NCAA Championship: 2011

† - Ohio state championship (1975–1982)

Awards

The Mid-American Conference has five awards, which are announced at the conclusion of the championship meet: Gymnast of the Year, Senior of the Year, Freshman of the Year, Specialist of the Year, and Coach of the Year, along with the first team all-MAC, second team all-MAC, and all-tournament team.

MAC Gymnast of the Year
Name	Year(s)
Christine Abou-Mitri	2010
Christina Lenny	2011
Marie Case	2012, 2013, 2014
Rachel Stypinksi	2016, 2017, 2018

MAC Senior of the Year
Name	Year(s)
Shelly Stambaugh	1996
Kelly Dezman	1999
Jessie James	2004
Christina Lenny	2011
Marie Case	2014
Rachel Stypinski	2018

MAC Freshman of the Year
Name	Year(s)
Kristine Slam	1996
Jessie James	2001
Marie Case	2011
Rachel Stypinski	2015

MAC Coach of the Year
Name	Year(s)
Janet and Rudy Bachna	1981, 1984
Brice Biggin	1993, 1994, 1996, 2001, 2003, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2014, 2016, 2018

Kent State University at Tuscarawas

Kent State University at Tuscarawas

Motto	Excellence in Action
Type	Public
Established	1968
Dean	Bradley Bielski
Students	2,066 (September 2016)
Location	New Philadelphia , Ohio , United States 40°28′03″N 81°24′23″W
Campus	Suburban 180 acres (73 ha)
Website	www.kent.edu/tusc

Kent State University at Tuscarawas is a regional campus of Kent State University located in New Philadelphia, Ohio, U.S., the county seat of Tuscarawas County. The campus includes four buildings on 180 acres (73 ha), and, as of September 2016, has an enrollment of 2,066 students. Any of the 280 undergraduate degree programs offered at Kent State can be started at the Tuscarawas Campus, with 11 bachelor's and 15 associate degree programs that can be completed entirely on campus.

Kent State Tuscarawas is the only regional campus of KSU to offer intercollegiate athletics. The athletic program was fiTeams are known as the Kent State Tuscarawas Golden Eagles and compete in the United States Collegiate Athletic Association (USCAA) Division II as members of the.

Twin Lakes, Ohio

Twin Lakes, Ohio
Unincorporated area
Twin Lakes, Ohio Location in Ohio and the United States Twin Lakes, Ohio Twin Lakes, Ohio (the United States)
Coordinates: 41°12′06″N 81°20′26″W
Country	United States
State	Ohio
County	Portage
Township	Franklin
Elevation	1,063 ft (324 m)
Time zone	UTC−5 (EST)
• Summer (DST)	UTC−4 (EDT)
ZIP code	44240
Area code(s)	330, 234
GNIS feature ID	1062585
Website	twinlakesohio.com

Twin Lakes is an unincorporated area in Portage County, Ohio, United States. It is located in northern Franklin Township along State Route 43 between Kent and Streetsboro.

Suffield (CDP), Ohio

Suffield is a census-designated place (CDP) in the U.S. state of Ohio. It is located in southwestern Portage County in the center of Suffield Township, which it is part of. The CDP was formed in 2020.

South End, Kent, Ohio

The South End is a neighborhood of Kent, Ohio, designated in 2019 as the "Historic South End". In the early days of Kent, it constituted the southwestern part of the city, though now it is located. Annexations and population growth in the latter half of the 20th century pushed the city's boundaries further west and south, putting the Sound End

Syndicate baseball

Syndicate baseball, also called syndicate ownership, was a practice in the early decades of Major League Baseball for team owners to have interests in more than one franchise at the same time. The practice, a major conflict of interest, effectively made one team a farm team of another as owners would shift talent from one team to another, often from a smaller market to a larger one. Syndicate baseball was especially popular in the National League during the 1890s when at least six of the existing twelve teams were connected to each other.

The most extreme example was that of the Cleveland Spiders, who were owned by brothers Frank and Stanley Robison. Prior to the 1899 season, the Robisons purchased a controlling interest in the St. Louis Browns, and, unhappy with attendance in Cleveland and the inability to host Sunday games because of Cleveland's blue laws, the Robisons transferred the Spiders' top talent to St. Louis and renamed that team the Perfectos. The resultant depleted Spiders roster ended up with the worst record in Major League history at 20–134, playing most games on the road. Other major examples include that of the National League's Baltimore Orioles and the Brooklyn Dodgers, along with the Louisville Colonels and Pittsburgh Pirates.

Anniversary Award

Series history

Bowling Green State University and Kent State University were both created by the Lowry Bill in 1910, which called for the establishment of two state teacher training schools, then called normal schools, in northern Ohio, one in Northwest Ohio and one in Northeast Ohio. Bowling Green was selected for the northwest and Kent for the northeast. The two schools first faced each other in football during the 1920 season, the first season for Kent State and the second for Bowling Green. Bowling Green won the first matchup between the two at Rockwell Field in Kent, 7–0. The win was the Falcons' first in program history. The following season, the two teams played to a scoreless tie at the Ridge Street School grounds in Bowling Green, followed by a BG 6–0 win in Kent in 1922. The series resumed in 1927 with a 13–0 Falcons win in Kent and a 6–6 tie in Bowling Green the following season, the first time Kent State scored in the series. A second hiatus in the rivalry lasted from 1929 through 1933, resuming in 1934 after Kent State joined the Ohio Athletic Conference (OAC) in 1932 and BG the following year. The two schools played yearly from 1934 through 1942, when World War II led to Kent State suspending all athletics until 1946. Kent State recorded their first win in the series, a 45–0 win at Rockwell Field, in 1935 and their first road win at Bowling Green the following year. Between 1934 and 1942, Kent State went 5–2–2 in the series after having previously gone 0–3–2. The rivalry returned in 1946 after Kent State resumed athletics and has been played yearly since, interrupted only in 2004. Kent State joined the Mid-American Conference (MAC) in 1951 and Bowling Green followed in 1952. When the MAC created divisions in 1997, both schools were placed in the East Division. After Central Florida joined the MAC in 2002, the Falcons were moved to the West Division. The returned to the East for the 2005 season after the departures of Central Florida and Marshall.

As MAC members the rivalry has been largely one-sided. Between 1959 and 1971, Bowling Green won 12 of the 13 meetings. After a two-game winning streak for Kent State in 1972 and 1973, the Falcons won 22 of the next 23 meetings including a 14-game winning streak from 1974 through 1987 and an eight game streak from 1989 through 1996. During that time, the Falcons won 10 of their 12 MAC titles, with Kent State winning the MAC only once in 1972. Kent State did not win more than two consecutive in the series until a three-game winning streak in from 2010 through 2012.

Trophy

The Anniversary Award was created by each of the schools' alumni departments and commemorates the founding of both institutions as part of the Lowry Bill. The award was first given out in 1985 to celebrate the 75th anniversary of the founding of each school.

Ohio State Route 261

History

At the 1923 Ohio state highway renumbering, what would become SR 261 was commissioned as a spur of the original State Route 36 between the main SR 36 in Kent and SR 18 in Tallmadge. SR 261 was commissioned in 1927 as part of several other changes in the state highway system that year. It mainly followed the section of the Akron–Kent Road between Kent and Tallmadge, later renamed Northeast Avenue. In Kent SR 261 followed Plum Street, Cedar Street, Cherry Street, and Franklin Avenue with an eastern terminus at the intersection of Franklin Avenue and West Main Street in downtown Kent, where it met SR 36. The western terminus was at Tallmadge Circle, where it intersected with State Route 18. In 1930, as part of a realignment of SR 18 and the extensions of State Routes 91 and 532 through Tallmadge Circle, SR 261 was extended southwest to Akron on the remainder of the Akron–Kent Road in Tallmadge (later renamed Southwest Avenue) and Eastland Avenue in Akron, then along Eastwood Avenue, Hazel Street, North Arlington, and East Buchtel Streets to a western terminus at East Market Street, which was then part of State Route 8.

The route was extended west to its current western terminus at State Route 94 in Wadsworth, in 1937. In Akron, SR 261 followed East Market Street with State Routes 8 and 241, and North Main Street, Bowery Street, and Wooster Avenue (later renamed Vernon Odom Boulevard) with State Routes 5 and 93 to East Avenue, where SR 5 and SR 93 separated. By the 1940s, the eastern terminus in Kent was moved slightly east as the road was rerouted to follow all of Cherry Street to State Route 43, then continued north cosigned with SR 43 along South Water Street to the intersection of Main and Water Streets in downtown Kent, where it ended at what was then SR 5 (renumbered as SR 59 in 1969). During the 1970s, the eastern end was rerouted on to a new bypass around the southern and eastern parts of Kent that was originally intended to be a limited access freeway to tie into another freeway. The southeast section of the Kent bypass, between SR 43 and SR 59 opened between 1969 and 1971, with SR 261 be rerouted onto it then. The bypass of Kent west of SR 43 was completed in 1972, with SR 261 being rerouted onto that section then, moving the eastern terminus to its current location in Franklin Township. In 1983 the highway was rerouted towards the northwest in the City of Akron.

Portage County communities

Community	Type	Population
Kent	City	28,215
Streetsboro	City	17,260
Aurora	City	17,239
Brimfield Township	Township	11,352
Ravenna	City	11,323
Ravenna Township	Township	8,980
Rootstown Township	Township	8,602
Franklin Township	Township	6,283
Suffield Township	Township	5,973
Randolph Township	Township	5,276
Shalersville Township	Township	5,245
Mantua Township	Township	4,576
Brimfield	Census-designated place	3,365
Nelson Township	Township	3,101
Deerfield Township	Township	2,838
Palmyra Township	Township	2,780
Freedom Township	Township	2,649
Atwater Township	Township	2,564
Garrettsville	Village	2,449
Hiram Township	Township	2,396
Edinburg Township	Township	2,351
Windham Township	Township	1,784
Charlestown Township	Township	1,735
Windham	Village	1,666
Paris Township	Township	1,648
Brady Lake	Census-designated place	1,222
Mogadore	Village	1,012
Mantua	Village	1,001
Hiram	Village	996
Suffield	Census-designated place	949
Atwater	Census-designated place	776
Tallmadge	City	280
Sugar Bush Knolls	Village	217
Portage County		161,791

Census-designated places, which are all also counted in the population total for their respective township, are shaded in ██ silver