User:Johnvr4/sandbox3

User:Johnvr4/sandbox3

sequence of CBW, Geoengineering, and "Chemtrail" conspiracy theory events

• 1944 Military weather prediction efforts during WWII and beyond
• 1952 Korean War CBW allegations (both sides) affects use of unconventional weapons use in Vietnam
• 1954-58 Reports of Howard T. Orville, Chairman of the (President's) Advisory Committee on Weather Control
• 1962 Theodore L. Thomas' (1962) The Weather Man and "The Weather Council" (population control, crops, psychological influence etc.)
• Vietnam War defoliation/ anti-crop, weather programs
• 1970 Alvin Toffler's (1970) Future Shock (pp.191-193) (American Meteorological Association: "Weather Modification today is a reality") referencing T.L. Thomas
• 1975-77 Cold War investigations by congress; reports, redacted documents released with specifics, mind control and disease spaying, large area coverage.
• Late 1970s Some sources have people seeing abnormal spraying
• Early 1980s more information is released through news articles- outbreak speculation from Citizens Commission on Human Rights, a Church of Scientology advocacy group.
• 1984 28Sept. GAO: "Between 1940 and 1974, DOD & 'national security agencies' studied thousands of human subjects in tests and experiments involving hazardous substances."
• 1985 Reporting of CIA, DoD, AEC, tests are shocking, there are fears its legal and US DoD do not say testing wont continue…
• 1990 Air Force Academy innocently uses "Chemtrail" name in course material,
• 1994 GAO investigates cold war testing; another release of documents
• 1995-96 Chemtrail hoax born, had been circulating,
• 1996 owning the weather in 2025,
• 1997 Defense Sec. William S. Cohen ("phantoms, false threats, Toffler, secret engineering, crop insects and viruses for ethnic population control; climate, earthquakes, volcanoes, EM waves...It's real, important" note: did not say chemtrails!).
• 1997 Theories fueled by Cohen
• 1998-2003 Chemtrails' chief proponent, Canadian journalist William Thomas, claims to have "broken" the story in 1998, internet, coverage on fringe radio by Art Bell in 1999.
• 2000-2002 Further declassification (Project 112 and Project SHAD) revealed that previous disclosures were not the entire story… Congress asks should DoD be believed this time?...
• 2001 Anthrax attacks scare and Project Jefferson R&D revealed genetic engineering of
• 2002 UK release MOD do not say testing won't continue
• 2000-2003 Chemtrails theories takes off …
• 2010-2014 CIA allegations BW (insects) continue
• no date Destruction of CW/BW empty aerial spray tanks

CBW origins

Among chemtrail believers there was some concern that the alleged abnormal contrail phenomena might be associated with a continuation of secret biological and chemical testing on the public similar to experimentation by the U.S. [and U.K.] during the Cold War. Experiments such as those described in the U.S. Senate hearings of 1977 and a December 1994 report, "Is Military Research Hazardous to Veterans' Health? Lessons Spanning Half a Century," that was was prepared for the U.S. Senate's Committee on Veterans' Affairs chaired by John D. Rockefeller as well as recent declassification by intelligence agencies that concluded “that hundreds of thousands of military personnel were unknowingly subjected to secret biological warfare related experiments over the last 60-years” in particular are cited as foundation for suspicion by chemtrial theorists.

 Collection of docs only for clarification of titles and dates that KSLA text article may refer to (KSLA says "in 1977"):
*"1977 U.S. Senate hearings" (that confirmed 239 populated areas had been contaminated with biological agents between 1949 and 1969).
*United States President's Commission on CIA Activities within the United States  (1975)
* Church Committee (1975) 
* U.S. Army Activity in the U.S. Biological Warfare Programs (Volumes I and II), U.S. Department of the Army, February 24, 1977, reprinted in Biological Testing Involving Human Subjects by the Department of Defense, 1977, Hearings before the Subcommittee on Health and Scientific Research of the Committee on Human Resources, March 8 and May 23, 1977, United States Senate, 95th Congress, First Session (U.S. GPO, 1977), 107 pp. 
 *PROJECT MKULTRA, THE CIA'S PROGRAM OF RESEARCH IN BEHAVIORAL MODIFICATION 1977,

• The "1994 Rockefeller Report"

*"Is Military Research Hazardous to Veterans' Health? Lessons Spanning Half a Century," DECEMBER 8, 1994. JOHN D. ROCKEFELLER IV

* THE NIXON ADMINISTRATION'S DECISION TO END, U.S. BIOLOGICAL WARFARE PROGRAMS, National Security Archive Electronic Briefing Book No. 58
 *Information From Military May Help VA Assess Claims Related to Secret Tests NSIAD-93-89: Published: Feb 18, 1993. Publicly Released: Mar 9, 1993. 
*(Agent testing info released in 1994, GAO:  "Project 112/Shad," released in 2002 and GAO: Project 112 Test subjects not being identified, released in 2004).

KSLA TV broadcast reported that the following reports of historical testing are of specific concern to those worried about the chemtrail subject.

• Undue Risk: Secret State Experiments on Humans, Jonathan D. Moreno, Psychology Press, 2001

• Operation Bacterium: Testing Germs on the A Train, Leonard A. Cole, The Washington Monthly, July 1985, pp. 38-45] or [1]
• 1950 “open air tests” spraying near Norfolk (part of Operation Dew), and 1950 “Large area coverage” simulated attack on San Francisco. (Note: These are both part of the prelude to Operation LAC).
• U.S. Admits Bio-Weapons Tests, Sue Chan, Associated Press/ CBS NEWs, October 8, 2002 (Note: This is Project 112/SHAD).
• Pentagon: Chem, bio tests involved U.S. troops, Jamie McIntyre ,CNN, May 23, 2002 (Note: This is Project 112/SHAD).

Human rights author Cheryl Welsh, J.D. has noted that “One of the infamous CIA mind control programs with the code name 'MKULTRA' became known to the public through a 1975 executive branch report known as the Rockefeller Commission Report. Most of the documents about the mind control experiments were destroyed in 1973 on orders from CIA director Richard Helms but some documents were overlooked and later became public.” As the declassified reports were publicized, more information about previous large scale public exposure to test agents was released through news articles in early 1980s along with widely published speculation from the Citizens Commission on Human Rights, a Church of Scientology advocacy group of sprayed agents in Florida and CIA-linked disease epidemics and deaths.

The New York Times reported in 1988

After what it called a comprehensive review of environmental risks, the Pentagon concluded that its research in defenses against biological weapons was virtually free of significant danger to people or the environment. The Pentagon was engaged in an expanding program of research into defense against weapons that use biological agents but has forsworn the possession or use of biological weapons. The program, grew five-fold under the Reagan Administration, at a cost more than $90 million a year.

Pulitzer Prize winning author Eileen Welsome wrote that “The vastness of the human experimentation became clear only in 1994, when the U.S. General Accounting Office reported that Hundreds of Thousands of Americans were used in Military-related experiments involving radiation, blister, and nerve agents, biological agents, and LSD between 1940 and 1974.” U.K. Ministry of Defense files were declassified in 2001.

One of the reports released by Congress in 1994 revealed U.S. Army scientists conducted top secret experiments on the citizens of St. Louis, Missouri. Predominately poor areas of St Louis and other cities such as Corpus Christi where the chemicals were dropped from airplanes were secretly sprayed with Zinc Cadmium sulfide during the 1950's and 60's. However, in 2012, Sociologist Professor Lisa Martino-Taylor, claims her research found that according to the Army's documents, a radioactive additive called FP2266, is also known as radium 226 that was manufactured by US Radium Corporation, was mixed with the compound exposing citizens to radioactive compounds for years to test chemical warfare technology. Martino-Taylor notes "the greatest concentration of spraying in St Louis was at the Pruitt-Igoe public housing complex, which was home to 10,000 low income residents where 70 per cent of those residents were children under the age of 12."

Conspiracy-oriented publishers such as the American Free Press and websites or blogs devoted to alleged chemtrails point to these reports and Operation LAC or Large area Coverage and experiments involving the release of zinc cadmium sulfide (ZnCdS) particles such as the Manhattan-Rochester Coalition (MRC) “an obscure aerosol study in St. Louis, Missouri, conducted under contract by the U.S. military from 1953-1954, and 1963-1965.”

The United States testing activity was was outlawed in 1998 for most circumstances

The Guardian reported in 2002

The Ministry of Defence turned large parts of the country into a giant laboratory to conduct a series of secret germ warfare tests on the public. A government report just released provides for the first time a comprehensive official history of Britain's biological weapons trials between 1940 and 1979. Many of these tests involved releasing potentially dangerous chemicals and micro-organisms over vast swaths of the population without the public being told...Asked whether such tests are still being carried out, Sue Ellison, spokeswoman for Porton Down, said: 'It is not our policy to discuss ongoing research.'

As reported by the The Guardian in 2012, a newly released United Kingdom government report allowed for the first time a comprehensive official history of Britain's biological weapons trials between 1940 and 1979. According to the Guardian report, "Many of these tests involved releasing potentially dangerous chemicals and micro-organisms over vast swaths of the population without the public being told" and "that military personnel were briefed to tell any 'inquisitive inquirer' the trials were part of research projects into weather and air pollution." Some secret trials have emerged in recent years, however, the report reveals new information about more than 100 covert experiments. In a chapter, entitled 'Large Area Coverage Trials', the MoD describes how "more than a million people along the south coast of England between 1961 and 1968, were exposed to bacteria including e.coli and bacillus globigii, which mimic anthrax." The report also discloses details that the "DICE trials" between 1971 and 1975 in South Dorset involved both U.S. and U.K. military scientists "spraying into the air massive quantities of serratia marcescens bacteria, with an anthrax simulant and phenol."

Climate change

A contrail conspiracy might not be completely imagined. NASA has been carrying out legitimate research into the possible effects of contrails and increased air traffic on the environment. Contrails have increased in correlation with increased air traffic. Researcher Ken Caldeira of the Carnegie Institution for Science and co-author of a survey study with outher researchers believes that climate changes may be causing contrails to last longer than has previously been observed.

In July 2013, both Slate and Mother Jones reported that a National Academy of Sciences-sponsored Central Intelligence Agency-funded geoengineering feasibility study was being conducted. According to the NAS website, the study was a "technical evaluation of a limited number of proposed geoengineering techniques." The experiment design lists the support of “the U.S. intelligence community,” among the other agencies and states, “This study is intended to provide a careful, clear scientific foundation that informs ethical, legal and political discussions surrounding geoengineering.” The study by NAS includes a report titled "“Geoengineering Climate: Technical Evaluation and Discussion of Impacts,” and was funded by the CIA, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. The idea of any government agency looking at ways to control, or manipulate, the weather will likely be met with much scrutiny and fears of nefarious conspiracies.

As was reported by Slate, "the CIA reportedly closed its research center on climate change and national security, after [GOP] members of Congress argued that the CIA shouldn't be looking at climate change." Between 1962 and 1983, weather engineers tried to change the behavior of hurricanes using silver iodide. The first large-scale use of weather modification as a military tactic came during the Vietnam War, when a highly covert cloud seeding program was conducted to try to create rainfall and turn the Ho Chi Minh Trail into mud, in order to gain a tactical advantage. The covert rain-making program was leaked to the public in the Pentagon Papers and was called Operations "Pop Eye," "Motorpool," and "Intermediary-Compatriot".

Long Excerpt

1985: Operation Bacterium: Testing Germs on the A Train, Leonard A. Cole, The Washington Monthly, July 1985, pp. 38-45:

• “For 20 years ending in 1969, the Army staged hundreds of these secret germ ‘attacks’ in a number of cities, using micro-organisms the Pentagon claimed were harmless to humans. It wasn’t until 1977, during a hearing before the Senate, that civilian experts suggested that vulnerability testing may have caused outbreaks of disease which occurred in some of the test areas.”…
• “Colonel George A. Carruth, declared that although such operations were not then underway, the Army might well find “a specific area might require additional germ spraying, and there was never any follow-up investigation to determine whether vulnerability testing had indeed caused health problems.”…
• Tucked among these (budget) items was a new “aerosol test lab” in Utah intended for biological weapons research... Pentagon had not explained precisely what new testing would take place”…
• The use of involuntary, unwitting subjects for potentially dangerous military experiments is not, of course, limited to the experience with vulnerability testing. The Pentagon, as well as the CIA, have shameful histories of exploiting human guinea pigs. For instance, in one study which was the focus of a recent case before the Supreme Court, the CIA explored means of controlling human behavior by administering mind-altering drugs without the subjects’ knowledge….
• Congress enacted the National Research Act of 1974…
• At first glance, the Research Act would seem to protect people from Army germs insofar as targeted citizens would have to be informed of and give consent to the spraying before the Pentagon review board would approve vulnerability testing. Not so, says the Pentagon…
• the military argues that spraying…germs isn’t “research” under the law and that people affected by such spraying aren’t “subjects” Open-air vulnerability tests would be conducted to estimate the impact of an actual enemy attack; the tests would therefore be viewed as comparable to a battlefield exercise or an experiment with a new weapons system, according to a Pentagon official who requested anonymity. And battlefield maneuvers and weapons tests do not qualify as research on humans, said the official. Alexander Capron, a University of Southern California law professor who through 1983 headed a now-defunct White House commission on bioethics, confirmed the prevalence of this curious outlook within the military: “If they develop a new battle plan or a new weapon, the Army does not regard that as coming under regulations” on research involving human subjects….
• even if the Army were to concede that vulnerability testing is indeed “research” covered by the 1974 legislation, people exposed to the germs would not be considered experimental “subjects” for purposes of the Act. Result: the restrictions would not apply. “To me,” said Alexander Capron, “it would be pretty clear” that the exposed population is the subject of the experiment. “But to others, when you deal with widely dispersed testing, there may be some question as to who are the subjects .” The Pentagon official who specializes in reading the research rules concurred that as far as the Army is concerned, open-air testing does not affect an identifiable subject group, and therefore the people exposed “would not, in fact, be experimental subjects.” …
• Despite the evidence of outbreaks of infectious disease, only a handful of people have sued the government for harm allegedly done by open-air vulnerability testing; none of the plaintiffs have won. And given the lack of attention paid to the matter by politicians, it’s unlikely that biological weapons experiments will spark much public discussion in the near future. “There’s a definite sense,” said one House staff member, “that, well, this stuff went on all in the past. That’s history. No one would try it again.”}}

2002: U.S. Admits Bio-Weapons Tests, Sue Chan, Associated Press/ CBS NEWs, October 8, 2002 (Note: This is Project 112/SHAD).

The United States secretly tested chemical and biological weapons on American soil during the 1960s, newly declassified Pentagon reports show.

The tests included releasing deadly nerve agents in Alaska and spraying bacteria over Hawaii, according to the documents obtained Tuesday. The United States also tested nerve agents in Canada and Britain in conjunction with those two countries, and biological and chemical weapons in at least two other states, Maryland and Florida.

The summaries of more than two dozen tests show that biological and chemical tests were much more widespread than the military has acknowledged previously.

“The documents did not say whether any civilians had been exposed to the poisons.”…” Some of those involved in the tests say they now suffer health problems linked to their exposure to dangerous chemicals and germs.” “Researchers later discovered the bacterium, a relative of the one that causes anthrax, could cause infections in people with weakened immune systems.”

2002: Pentagon: Chem, bio tests involved U.S. troops, Jamie McIntyre ,CNN, May 23, 2002 (Note: This is Project 112/SHAD)

…Pentagon began sifting through classified information about the 1960s tests in August 2000, after some veterans expressed concern they might be suffering ill health effects because of exposure to harmful substances.

Two previous Pentagon reports found five tests used only "harmless stimulants" and a single test used a stimulant that could have caused illness in someone with a compromised immune system.

Thursday's report was the first acknowledgement by the U.S. government that several tests used either Sarin or VX.