User:Jnestorius/Townland anomalies

Variants

Civil Survey

• of Carlow used martland;
• of Kilkenny used horseman's bed

these are rough measures of area rather than denominations

Tithe applotment 1820s-30s used ploughlands etc as denominations.

Account of Parishes united and disunited by Order of Lord Lieutenant in Ireland (Parliamentary Papers HC 1818 xvi (264) 421) uses "townlands" or "denominations of land", with "glebe" distinct from either; e.g.:

• Twenty-five denominations of land disunited and separated from the parish of Derrinoose, and erected into the parish or rectory of Ready ; also 34 acres of the glebe of Derrinoose separated therefrom, and annexed as and for a glebe for said parish of Ready.
• Sixteen townlands separated from the parish of Creggan, and erected into the rectory and vicarage of Newtown Hamilton ; together with 50 acres for a glebe for same.

1821 census

From the Preliminary Remarks:

Originally [the parish] was purely ecclesiastical, and was introduced among the civil subdivisions from motives of convenience. Some peculiar circumstances arising from this cause have produced much difficulty in the progress of the census. The civil and ecclesiastical arrangements do not always correspond: parishes are found to extend not only into different baronies, but into different counties; and townlands are sometimes attached to one parish for the assessment of the county taxes, while, with respect to tithes and other ecclesiastical contributions, they are considered as forming part of another. Ancient unions or divisions of parishes have increased this discrepancy; their names have also been frequently changed. The arrangement of parishes by the Established Church, being in many cases different from that of the Roman Catholics, has also been the cause of considerable difficulties; as in many parts of the south-west of Ireland the latter arrangement has been adopted in various points of public business. But from an accurate comparison of the several writers that treat of the civil and ecclesiastical state of Ireland, corrected, in cases of doubt or difficulty, by particular communications with the clergy, the enumerators, or other persons possessing local information, it has been ascertained that no parish whatever has been omitted; and the differences between the ecclesiastical returns already before parliament, and those under the present act, have been, in many instances, fully reconciled. The names and arrangement of parishes used for civil purposes, and adopted by the enumerators, under the direction of the bench of magistrates in the several counties, has been adhered to in digesting the returns.

The smallest subdivision of the country is that of townlands. This name, however, is not universal throughout Ireland some counties have adopted the term of ploughlands in lieu of it, each ploughland being supposed to contain 120 acres; but as the quantity was taken by estimation, not by measurement, their extent varies considerably, even in the same county. Townlands in many instances have been subdivided, and in many cases the name has been changed. Much embarrassment in the progress of the census has been occasioned by both these circumstances. On examining the returns of the territorial subdivisions, as furnished by the magistrates, it was found, that this important department of domestic geography was by no means so complete or satisfactory as might have been expected, from the consideration that most of the local taxes are assessed and levied according to such subdivisions. In some cases no account could be procured of any of the subdivisions smaller than that into parishes. In the county of Kerry this information was collected for the first time, in consequence of the call then made upon the magistrates; and in the county of Cork no list of the parishes or minor subdivisions could be procured.

Many names, now antiquated, were formerly used to designate the smaller subdivisions of land in Ireland. The following are the most remarkable:

• Gort — containing 6 acres.
• Pottle — 12 do.
• Ballyboe — 16 do. but in some parts 60 or 100 acres.
• Ballybeatach — 960 do. being 16 Ballyboes of 60 acres each,
• Cartron — 60 do. called also a Plowland.
• Poll or pole — 50 do,
• Tagh or Tate - 60 do. English
• Gneon, or Gneeve - 8 do. being 1 12th of a Plowland

The Plowland and the Greeve are the only names noticed by the enumerators as still in use in some parts of Ireland.

Making and rebounding

In 1758 Earl of Kildare estate, fences and ditches were rare except at townland boundaries. Enclosure happened in late 18C and 19C.

• Ó Buachalla, Liam (December 1965). "Townland development in the Fermoy area, 12th century - 19th century" (PDF). Dinnseanchas. 1 (4): 87–92. ISSN 0419-1617. Retrieved 1 June 2017.

SLRP Consultation Page; Instruments Recommended For Revocation; Category L: Mapping and Boundaries; L1: County Boundaries actually orders adjusting townland boundaries grouped by county; e.g. 22 April 1856 DG no 14943 p 465 for Londonderry, with annex report giving explanations like "Slight change in the boundary stream, on the give and take principle, made for drainage purposes and other improvements. Centre of stream is the new boundary."

Acts

• Poor Relief (Ireland) Act, 1839
  • s.1 "All provisions of the said Act in any way relating to townlands, shall be construed to extend and apply to every place in Ireland, whether known as a townland or not."
  • s.3 "It shall be lawful for the commissioners, by order under their seal, to declare any place not known to the said commissioners as a townland or townlands, to be, for the purposes of the said Act, a townland."

1861 census shows 1851 Poor Law Valuation and 1861 General Valuation; former seems to group all "Fooname (Disambiguation)" together, latter separates them.

HC Deb 25 May 1911 vol 26 cc575-7W

In the year 1907 certain changes were made in the boundaries of the townlands of the county Londonderry, including those referred to in the question, in accordance with the provisions of the Boundary Survey Acts.

Local Government and Taxation (Ireland) Inquiry: 20th July, 1878, p.9

The townland was adopted by the Legislature in 1838, as the unit of Union organization, under the impression that the entire country consisted of such denominations.

It subsequently proved, however, that in some places there either were no townlands, or that their boundaries were unknown, and it became necessary in consequence, during the ensuing year to pass a short amending Act for the purpose of removing this difficulty.

This denomination the unit of Union organization which is peculiar to Ireland having nothing in England at all corresponding with it appears to be nearly co-extensive with the old Seisreagh, or Plowland, which was, by estimation, not by actual measurement, supposed to contain about 120 Irish acres, exclusive of wood, moor, and mountain, being the quantity of arable land, capable of being turned up in the course of a year by a six-horse plough.

The conformity of the modern townland with the old Plowland appears probable from the fact, that the total number of the latter in Ireland was 66,600, while that of the former is 62,305 but at the same time, the vast disparity in extent between certain townlands, indicates that some at least of the number must have had an origin different from this one being returned at only 1a. 1r. 1p., while another is given as containing as many as 7,012 acresâ both being, however, extreme and exceptional cases of opposite kinds.

Poor Law Commissioners:

• v2 p.125 [No 10,805 / 50] 10 May 1850:

  WHEREAS certain Lands have been drained and embanked from the River Foyle, and a portion of the said Lands adjoin the Townland of Edenballymore in the said City and Suburbs Electoral Division, another portion of the said Lands adjoin the Townland of Pennyburn in the said Lower Liberties Electoral Division, and another portion of the said Lands adjoin the Townlands of Clooney and Gobnascale in the said Waterside Electoral Division:

  AND WHEREAS doubts have arisen as to the boundaries of the said Townlands of Edenballymore, Pennyburn, Clooney, and Gobnascale, and whether the several portions of Land so reclaimed are part of the Townlands to which they adjoin respectively, and it is expedient to remove such doubts:

  NOW THEREFORE, in exercise of the powers given to us in this behalf, We, the Commissioners for administering the Laws for Relief of the Poor in Ireland, do hereby declare that the portions of Land so reclaimed shall, for the purposes of the Acts in force for the Relief of the Destitute Poor in Ireland, be henceforth part of the Townland to which they adjoin respectively, and the boundaries of the several Townlands in the said Union which are separated from each other by the River Foyle, shall, for the purposes of the said Acts, be deemed to extend in the direction of the said River to the low water mark on that bank of the said River on which such Townlands are situate respectively.

• v2 p.353 [No 39,886 / 49] 24 October 1849:

  WHEREAS under the provisions of an Act passed in the Second Year of the reign of Her present Majesty, entitled, "An Act for Draining and Embanking certain lands in Lough Swilly and Lough Foyle in the Counties of Donegal and Londonderry," certain Lands adjoining the Electoral Divisions of Myroe and Ballykelly in the said [Newtownlimavady] Union, have been drained and embanked from the sea, and doubts have arisen whether the said Lands are included in any, and if so in which, of the Electoral Divisions of the said Union, and it is expedient to remove such doubts:

  THEREFORE, in exercise of the powers given to us in this behalf, We, the Commissioners for administering the Laws for Relief of the Poor in Ireland, do hereby order and Declare that such part of the said Lands as are situate to the Northward and eastward of a certain Canal called the "Broharris Canal," shall, for the purposes of the Acts in force for the Relief of the Destitute Poor in Ireland, be from henceforth a Townland under the name of the Myroe Level, and We do hereby add the said Townland to the said Union, and include it in the said Myroe Electoral Division of the said Union.

• v2 p.404 (issue arises from fragmented Dublin parishes and baronies in 1839):

  WHEREAS doubts have been entertained as to the effect of the said Order [Rathdown 1839], with respect to the Townlands of Coolakay, Glebe of Powerscourt Parish, Ballinteskin, Killough Upper, Killough Lower, Ballybawn Upper, Ballybawn Lower, Ballyorney, Stilebawn, Charleville, Tinehinch (part of), and Newtown, whether they were thereby comprised, and are now situated in the said Electoral Division of Powerscourt, or in that of Delgany.

• v2 p.464-6

  Sligo Union EDs: Sligo ED coterminous with "parliamentary borough of Sligo"; adjacent EDs include for some tlds only "the portion not included in the parliamentary borough of Sligo"

• [Simington and Wheeler 1945 pp.540-544 fn.3 p.550:] The townland, like the barony, is one of the ancient land divisions of Ireland which existed under other names prior to the introduction of Christianity. There were 4 ploughlands in a ballybetagh or townland and 30 townlands in a barony. In the ordnance maps all names of smaller sub-divisions are discarded, and the term "townland" is applied to every such denomination, whether great or small; consequently, there is now a great variation in the area of townlands, ranging from about an acre up to thousands of acres. (See Townland Index, 1901, Introduction)

The [ordnance committee on the Irish survey] reported [in 1833] that when [in 1824] he had framed his original estimate of £300,000 Colby could not have been expected to know just how many townlands there were in Ireland ... and that in any case the number had subsequently increased as a result of the boundary department's liberal views on what constituted a townland, so that in Inishowen, for instance, Griffith had demarcated 304 townlands where according to the Spring Rice report there should have been only 180. This was a fair point (and none the worse for having been made by Colby five years earlier [in 1828]).

Andrews 1974 p.148 JSTOR 25506290:

In some areas, it is true, there is a general correspondence between the seventeenth-century pattern and that of the present day, but it is difficult to find as many as a dozen contiguous townlands where the coincidence is absolute and there are many areas of considerable extent where both names and boundaries are quite different. This may be because later maps have distinguished between units that Bodley subsumed under a single name, or because new townlands have been created in the meantime (as often happened in demesnes or near towns) or because the boundary department of the Ordnance Survey made its own altera tions by dividing, amalgamating or enlarging the old denominations.

Andrews, J. H. (26 January 2010). "Medium and message in early six‐inch Irish ordnance maps : The case of Dublin city". Irish Geography. 6 (5): 579–593. doi:10.1080/00750777309555704.

• [p.582] Sheet 18 of the Dublin county map was engraved between June 1837 and December 1841 ... Throughout the country, an essential preliminary to the official mapping of the ground had been the delimitation of townlands, parishes, baronies and counties, and in 1825 a special department, independent of the Ordnance officers but in close touch with them, had been set up for this purpose. Until it reached Dublin the boundary department had usually managed to keep ahead of the survey proper; but in this county the territorial pattern was found to be so complex and irrational that the government decided not to publish the map until the boundaries had been reformed. When the reformation was finally given legal validity in August 1842 (5 & 6 Vic, c. 96), the Survey had to mount a quick programme of revision to catch up with the landscape changes of the six previous years.
• [p.583] it was finally published in February 1844 ... it sometimes happens that the sleeves of generations of readers have worn away the lower 1843 footnote, leaving posterity to be misled by the upper and earlier footnote that refers to 1838.

1830s 6-inch shows "Coldcut" as two townlands, respectively in cp Clondalkin (63a1r12p) and [det pt of] cp Esker (38a2r8p). 1930s Cassini shows single tld (108a3r21p) enlarged by NE field[s] previously in Rowlagh tld.

• griffith-valuation map has the transferred area as index #4 in Clondalkin-Coldcut; however name indexes have as #4 in Esker-Rowlagh (both cp-tld areas have 3 other divisions, so probably the map boundary tracer got confused). Area #4 details are: tenant ; printing 1850, act 9&10.
  • Esker Coldcut: JOHN GODBY landlord > tnt MICHAEL SPRING
  • Clondalkin Coldcut (1847) (landlord > tnt > subtnt):
    • 1: Rochford > PATRICK DILLON > MARGARET MCEVOY
    • 2: George Grogan > JOHN MORRAN > BRIDGET MORRAN
    • 3: George Grogan > JAMES MORRAN > PETER KEOGH
  • Esker-Rowlagh (1850):
    • 1 Issac Weld > James Hamilton > Bryan Merryman, Peter Bolger, John Curran
    • 2 Issac Weld > Charles Foss
    • 3 Issac Weld > Michael Spring > Michael FitzSimon > Bridget Redmond
    • 4 George Grogan > John Moran

  So makes sense to move Grogan/Mor[r]an from Rowlagh to Coldcut, except that it's detached from the other cp Esker part of Coldcut, which is Michael Spring.

Poor Law Commissioners [of England and Wales], 7th Annual Rpt, App E, No 12, p.480

Naas PLU: order of 1 June 1840 adding "a portion of the Townland of Big Brittas, in the parish of Tallaght, to the Blessington Electoral Division" (area 134 acres, poulation 12; detached from Tallaght ED South Dublin PLU per p.483).

"Sallymount Demesne" townland is only part of a contiguous block of demesne land in the 1830s OS mao, which also includes parts of adjoining townlands including Harristown. A History of the Kildare Hunt tells of a rider who went "into Moorhill demesne, through Moorhill cover ... and headed for Annefield. Here he turned to the left, went straight through Harristown demesne, along the edge of the Liffey, ... dowen to the bridge, across the road into Sallymount demesne". So maybe adjoining gentry kept their home farms adjacent and rented out peripheral parts of their land. An 1882 account has Annfield, not Annefield: "Passing the demesnes of Stonebrook, Ardinole, and Annfield, and a small and ancient graveyard in the church lands of Coghlinstown, we now come to where the old road, leading from Naas to Brannockstown, crosses the river by the Old Bridge."

eISB searches:

• "provisional order confirmation" various private acts for boundary changes, with preambles like
  • The Minister for Local Government in exercise of the powers conferred on him by articles 25 and 27 of the Schedule to the Local Government (Application of Enactments) Order, 1898, and subsection (3) of section 42 of the Local Government (Ireland) Act, 1898 , hereby orders as follows
• "Boundary Survey (Ireland)" SIs
  • only non-maritime match is S.I. No. 238/1966 - Boundaries (Townlands of Ballymartin and Castletown, County Limerick) Order 1966 alters the boundaries of the townlands reclaimed land

Valuation

A good short account of Griffith's Valuation is at Simington and Wheeler 1945 pp.540-544, explaining Townland Valuation for cess, separate Poor Law Valuation, and Tenement Valuation to supersede both.

1861 census shows 1851 Poor Law Valuation and 1861 General Valuation; former seems to group all "Fooname (Disambiguation)" together, latter separates them.

White, R. H. (1954) [1952]. King, Frederick Charles (ed.). "Rateable Valuation". Public Administration in Ireland. III. Dublin: Civics Institute of Ireland: 248–265. Retrieved 20 June 2018.

• [p.254] In Griffith's Valuation it was intended to have a general revaluation every 14 years but this was never carried out. Dublin and Waterford County Boroughs are the only two districts revalued since original Act. Four different attempts were, made to have the entire country revalued, the last being in 1938, but none reached the Statute Book. In recent years some Local Authorities have become aware of the anomalies in valuations in their areas and have listed all the buildings in these areas in the Annual Revision with resultant substantial increases in the valuation and a better distribution of the rates.
• [p.258-9] how the Annual Revision is carried out by the Valuation Office. About the end of June the Lists of buildings, lands, etc., requiring Revision are forwarded from the Town Clerks, County Council Secretaries and Borough Managers. ... The requests for valuation generally include new buildings, extensions to old buildings, improvements to old buildings, divisions of land, etc. ... The Lists are left open to the public for 21 days and any appeals received within 28 days are duly forwarded to the Commissioner. ... In the 26 Counties there are some 1,200,000 hereditaments the total valuation being about £13½ millions. This year there are almost 42,000 cases for Revision or about 3% of the total number of hereditaments in the country. Last year there were nearly 3,600 first appeals and something over 300 appeals to the Circuit Court.

Macafee, Bill. "Notes on Maps" (PDF).

• After the establishment of the government of Northern Ireland a General Revaluation took place in 1935.

Brennan v Attorney General; [1983] ILRM 449(HC), [1984] ILRM (SC).

The Supreme Court upheld the complaint of a group of farmers from County Wexford (Brennan V Attorney General)15 that agricultural rates (a form of property tax) imposed by s.11 of the Local Government Act 1946 based on an 1852 system of valuation comprised an unjust attack on their property rights, contrary to Article 40.3.2 of the Constitution. It was obvious that there was a lack of uniformity and inconsistencies in the valuation system used for rates and the Court concluded that these anomalies were unjust and effectively abolished the then system of agricultural rates. No replacement system was introduced and agricultural rates are no longer collected

Excluded areas

Is this on another of my subpages? Ancient boroughs not townlands (OS) — Dublin, Cork, Waterford, ?Limerick, ?Kilkenny, ?Wexford, ?Galway

Uninhabited islands, offshore or in lakes, are in parishes (OS) and PLUs (1850s revision proposals) but not townlands. Townland index shows in italics. Logainm classes as "townland", possibly erronrously; S.I. No. 698/2019 - Gaeltacht Act 2012 (Designation of Gaeltacht Language Planning Areas) (No. 3) Order 2019. "Language Planning Area: Tuaisceart Dhún na nGall, Co. Donegal ... (11) That part of the electoral division area of Fánaid Thuaidh in County Donegal which consists of the following townlands: Baile an Chnoic agus Baile na Brocaí, Baile na Loiste, ... Tuaim, Tulaigh na Dála and eight small offshore islands."

Using

Order in Council 9 Feb 1842 Kildare detached portions mentions "Rickardstown Upper" and "part of Rickardstown Upper" separately. Would make sense if "part of R~" and "R~" were reversed, as there is a detached fragment of the townland that topologically forms a separate detached portion of the county, whereas the main part of the townland is contiguous with the rest of Harristown parish.

Now We, the Lord Lieutenant and Privy Council of Ireland, ... do order and direct, that the said three detached portions of the King's County, which are insulated in the county of Kildare, comprising the townlands of Sillot Hill, Ballynaglogh or Mayfield, and Rickardstown Upper, be disunited from the said King's County, and that the same be annexed to and incorporated with the said county of Kildare; and that the said townland of Sillot Hill be annexed to and incorporated with the barony of East Uphaly; that the said townland of Ballynaglogh or Mayfield be annexed to and incorporated with the barony of West Ophaly; and that the said townland of Rickardstown Upper [not Rickardstown I assume] be annexed to and incorporated with the said barony of West Ophaly:

We further order and direct that the detached portion of the King's County, which is included between the county of Kildare and the Queen's County, the greater portion being bounded by the county of Kildare, comprising the townlands of Ashgrove, Cush, Derryoughter East, Derryoughter West, Feamore, Gurteen, Killeen East, Killeen West, Kilbeg, Kilpatrick, Loughhill, Larchill, Riverstown, Big Pullagh, Boarbawn Upper, Boarbawn Lower, Boghall, Bawn, Coolagh, Clary, Cloneybeg, Cherrymills, Harristown Upper, Harristown Lower, Iscarhill, Lennagarragh, Mylerstown, Ardillis Lower, Ardillis Upper, Boleybeg, Derrynine, Gurteen Upper, Gurteen Lower, Lochabor, Rathconnell, Rathconnell Wood, Rickardstown Lower, and part of Rickardstown Upper, be annexed to and incorporated with the barony of West Ophaly and said county of Kildare:

HC Deb 06 March 1885 vol 295 cc295-6

I am not aware that there is any great dissatisfaction occasioned by the adoption of townlands as the unit for division [in the Redistribution of Seats Act 1885], where it was necessary to do so for the purpose of equalizing the population. The townland is a well-known area, and does not, like parishes, overlap either counties or baronies

St Stephen's Without

The parish of St Stephen's Without is recorded in the 1861 census as partly in Waterford municipal borough and partly in Gaultiere barony; but the part outside the city is not said to be in any townland; and the OS6i has no townland name either. The 1905-7 OSi25in the relevant space was all inside the county borough boundary; likewise for the 1901 census (all of St Stephen's Without is)

Kilculliheen

Kilculliheen tlds not split when liberties removed to Gaultier barony.

Trim and "(nth Divison)"

• OSi environs of Trim,
• 1851 census
  • Trim cp Moyfenrath Lwr b
  • Trim cp Navan Upper b

shows numerous townlands name "Foo (nth Division)" -- looks like the detached fragments were made into separate townlands, unlike elsewhere (except that Townparks North has a small detached portion). There is also a "Foo" townland with no "Division" parenthesis for Foo = "Corporation Land North"; and for Foo = "Friarspark", when n = 5 Foo changes to "Friaryland".

• The OS 1stEd6in map apparently shows an unnamed division of area 278.0.21 acres, but that is actually the southern lobe of Blackfriary 2nd Div, whose name is in the northern lobe, connected via a narrow isthmus beteween Lackanash to the east and a 0a2r32p DetPt of TownParks[?N] to the west.

1901 tld index has two "Commons (5th Division)" in Trim cp;

• one of 4a3r34p in MoyfenrathL bar, Now all is in UD [S bank of Boyne downstream of town centre]; hence not in Logainm but is in geohive.maps.arcgis.com "National Townlands" layer.
• other of 13a2r6p [part -- Remainder in Trim UD; full 1851 15a2r25p] in NavanU bar; in logainm immediately N of TownParksN, NE of FostersHolding

3rd Dvision (all) and 1st Division (part) also in Trim UD in 1901

The 1837 Mun Bdy Rpt shows wacky ancient bdy. -- All Townparks, Corporationland and Commons divisions. logainm Townlands in Trim cp includes two tlds named Trim 1416699 "town" 39220 "tld" whereas 1911 census has none; I surmise "Trim town" in tld index per UD or census generated town and townland duplicate database objects. Compare other towns.

Only other "(nth Division)" townland names besides those around Trim is in cp Skirk (logainm, maps.arcgis) with "Clonlahy Corporation Land" and "Corporation Land 1st/2nd/3rd Division", separated by "Newtown or Skink" and "Castlequarter".

Cork suburbs

User:Jnestorius/Cork suburbs shows anomalies where townland boundary matches "suburb boundary" of 1813, not "municipal boundary" of 1840; latter differs slightly in both directions, ie townlands inside bdy and non-townlands outside; "The 25-inch map zaps all townland boundaries WITHIN the municipal boundary, and [at least one] area outside the municipal boundary has been annexed to the adjoining townland" -- check if all 1840 non-tld parts have been annexed by 190x.

• 1861 General Valuation and Poor Law Valuation are recorded separately.
  • Some uninhabited islands and fisheries valuations are recorded for parishes, separately from townlands and towns
• 1861 towns are listed separately from townlands but within parishes;
  • the population of a townland therefore excludes the population of any town within the townland.
  • The 20-house limit means some 1851 towns fall out of the listing in 1861
    • a footnote tells the townland their pops are now recorded in (though maybe there is an adjacent townland with houses now all uninhabited) but not if multiple.
  • Infirmary, Prison, Workhouse pop recorded alongside town but on separate line.
  • all these have only pop, no area or valuation

Rickardstown Upper

"County (Ireland); (i) Dublin; Proclamation in Council, dated February 9, 1842, as to Boundaries of Counties of Dublin, Kildare, and King's County". The Statutory Rules and Orders Revised, being the Statutory Rules and Orders (Other Than Those of a Local, Personal Or Temporary Character) in force on December 31, 1903. Vol. Vol.2 (2nd ed.). H.M. Stationery Office. 1904. pp. 40–41. Retrieved 11 July 2016. We further order and direct that the detached portion of the King's County, which is included between the county of Kildare and the Queen's County, the greater portion being bounded by the county of Kildare, comprising the townlands of Ashgrove, Cush, Derryoughter East, Derryoughter West, Feamore, Gurteen, Killeen East, Killeen West, Kilbeg, Kilpatrick, Loughhill, Larchill, Riverstown, Big Pullagh, Boarbawn Upper, Boarbawn Lower, Boghall, Bawn, Coolagh, Clary, Cloneybeg, Cherrymills, Harristown Upper, Harristown Lower, Iscarhill, Lennagarragh, Mylerstown, Ardillis Lower, Ardillis Upper, Boleybeg, Derrynine, Gurteen Upper, Gurteen Lower, Lochabor, Rathconnell, Rathconnell Wood, Rickardstown Lower, and part of Rickardstown Upper, be annexed to and incorporated with the barony of West Ophaly and said county of Kildare {{cite book}}: |volume= has extra text (help)

Cahergal

Cahergal tld 1911 census portion in Templeomalus DED & Par has population and valuation, but area is "included with portion of townland in adjoining parish" Templeomalus DED & Desert Par. Minor Q: why not given here? Major point: tld split between parishes? OSI 1840s xplits; OSI 1900s joins!. The Desert Par portion is uninhabited in 1901 and 1911. 1901 census separate. 1901 index two tlds 1911 suppl not listed

OTOH twp Raheensheara tlds kept because both cp and DED differ: Ballybrophy ED and Donaghmore cp vs Moneenalassa ED and Rathdowney cp; OS maps ED in brackets on last-edition 6in whereas cp bdy obvious on colour 1st ed (though mon 1st ed less obvious).

Check if this pattern holds for other such pairs.

Well, logainm has single tld Tullagh in ED Ballintemple split between cps Ballintemple, Inch, and Cloyne; on 6-inch map shown as three tlds in 1st ed (resp areas 111.2.25 27.3.27 219.0.29; total 358a 3r 1p) and one tld in last ed (area 359a 2r 25p).

Knockgriffin

East of Midleton are tlds called Knockgriffin (Imokilly) and Knockgriffin (Barrymore) based on the baronies; Also note both are Cnocán Ghrífín "validated name". OS 6in has no qualifier, 25in does, must postdate 1898. Let's check County Cork in census Munster 1901 p.321/1911 p.286:

• Middleton Union
  • MIDDLETON NO.1 D.
    • 268./271. Middleton Rural (part of) D.E.D.
      • (Barrymore B.; Mogeesha P.)
        • Knockgriffin T'land
      • (Imokilly B.; Mogeesha P.)
        • Knockgriffin (Imokilly), part of (Rural) T'land
    • 269./272. Middleton Urban D.E.D.
      • Middleton Urban District (g):—
        • (Imokilly B.; Mogeesha P.)
          • Knockgriffin (Imokilly), part of (Urban) T'land

Boroughs

Central area of following boroughs is town, not townland, per 6in OS and 1861 index:

• Dublin, Cork, Wexfod, Kilkenny, Waterford.

Not so for these, where centre is often "townparks" or the like:

• Galway, Limerick, Belfast.

Maybe the difference is whether multiple parishes or not?

S.I. No. 133/1953 - Dublin County Borough (Electoral Areas) Order, 1953 uses townlands in some delimitations; was this in areas that had been added since 1945 SI?

General info on tax

County rate: I think towns are rated as a proportion of a certain number of townlands; see Select Committee on Limits of Boroughs of Dungarvan, Youghall, and Mallow: report and minutes of evidence John Hudson Q.128-130:

• 128. Are there boundaries, which are well known and recognized, that separate the town from the manor of Dungarvan ?
  • Yes, as the question relates to the county rates affecting the town, there are.
• 129. Do those boundaries include Abbey-side or not?
  • The town of Dungarvan is rated in proportion to the extent of seven plough lands and a half; and Abbey-side does not compose a portion of what is considered to be those seven plough lands and a half.
• 130. Then Abbey-side, for the purpose of this assessment, is not considered as a part of the town of Dungarvan ?
  • No.

Medieval parish tithe to bishop, vicar, and rector; former receveid same in each tld but diff tlds might contribute to diff rectorial shares.

Whole of townland must be in one PLU; in fact one ED.

De la Poer's testimony to 1830 committee has historical and current info: "applotment tables" in high constable's "county book" show how to divide county rate between townlands (q.2563); not sure if this implies townlands all have different ratings; certainly at some point they did not (q.2544).

Censuses

Brief notes on Irish censuses (c.1870):

A difficulty which exists in ascertaining the entire popula­tion of townlands from the Irish Reports may here be noticed. The population of each townland is apparently given opposite to its name, but this is really the case only where there is no town containing at least 20 houses on it; in fact, the figures represent the rural population only. The towns are placed at foot of the townlands in each parish, but there is nothing to show to which townland each town belongs. Thus, where there are one or more towns in a parish, it is not possible to ascertain with certainty the entire population of any of the townlands in it without referring to the Ordnance maps (which are available to comparatively but few persons), and allocating the towns to their respective townlands. If a town happens to lie in two or more townlands, it is not possible to ascertain from the Returns what portion of the population belongs to each. This defect might be remedied by placing in brackets after each town the name of the townland to which it belongs, and in case of a town situated on two or more townlands to give the portion of the population belong­ ing to each.

1971 census, Vol.1 p.164: "Appendix; Townlands":

At previous Censuses, District Electoral Divisions (D.E.Ds.) outside legally defined cities and towns normally comprised groups of complete townlands. The recent revision of the boundaries of D.E.Ds. in Dublin County (See page 165) resulted in the division of a considerable number of townlands between two or more D.E.Ds. Most of these townlands are in the suburban areas adjoining Dublin County Borough and Dun Laoghaire. For the purpose of the definitions given hereunder for Dublin Suburbs and Dun Laoghaire Suburbs, all that part of one of the townlands in question within a D.E.D. is treated as if it. were a complete and separate townland.

Multiple names

1861 townland index:

In order to facilitate the search for any townland having more than one name, such as "Ballydaly or Derrynagall," in the parish of Kilbride, barony of Ballycowan, King's County, it will be found under both names.

I see "Ault, alias Gowkstown" on p.88

I think there are also examples of disambiguators added to one of the aliases; e.g. [invented example] "Ballydaly or Derrynagall (Smith)" to contrast with "Derrynagall (Jones)" [can I find a real example?]

OTOH there are "Ballinlough" and "Ballinlough (Wadding)" in Castletowndelvin, Westmeath, on p.51; but that means ""Ballydaly or Derrynagall" + "Derrynagall (Jones)" would not be a counterexample; it doesnt mean there are no examples. However p.99 shows Templemore LDerry has "Ballymagrorty" and "Ballymagrorty or White House" which is a counterexample. OTOH p.101 east of Easky on map has "Ballymeeny", "Ballymeeny, Armstrong", and "Ballymeeny, Hillas, or Carrownabinna"; which is an example of what I was looking for (besides using commas instead of parenths in index, and case+placing on OS-6in-ed1st). OS-6in-ed1st also has Daneswell or Crossguns North/Na Crosghunnaí Thuaidh and Daneswell/Tobar na Lochlannach.

Some places with two names in Irish as well: Dún Ceartáin nó Gleann an Ghad = Dooncarton or Glengad; any with 2 Irish and only one English? Unlikely.

Derryholmes or Timolin and Derryharan is unclear whether "(Derryholmes or Timolin) and Derryharan" or "Derryholmes or (Timolin and Derryharan)" -- former more likely, could check xref in 1861 index

Ballymagan Upper & Lower & Clonbosk sounds like subtownlands; logainm has "and" for "&"

Parish or union

s:Proclamation In Council, Dated November 8, 1838, Dividing The County Of Tipperary Into Two Ridings.: "that part of the barony of Kilnemanagh, containing the unions or parishes of Clogher, Clonoulty, Aughterleigue, Ballintemple, Kilpatrick, and so much of the parish of Donohill as is situate in the barony of Kilnemanagh"

Extra-parochial

1831 census has some "extra-parochial", not all found by search, short enough to search manually.

Return of parishes in Ireland with agreements under Tithe Composition Acts (1832) p.30: Diocese of Clonfert and Kilmacduagh: Extra-parochial (£12 composition) attached to Bullane parish (£34),

• 1834 return "Extra parochial lands of Benmore and Benbeg" associated with Bullane parish

Report from the Select Committee on Grand Jury Presentments of Ireland [14 May 1836] Richard Griffith's evidence

648.	[Chairman.] Are you aware that there is no possibility now of bringing extra-parochial places before the Committee of Appeal?
	— I am not, and I do not think It is the fact.
649.	Under what part of the Act do you conceive that extra-parochial places can appear before the Committee of Appeal, to defend themselves against the valuation?
	— I conceive that there is no part of a parish extra-parochial as far as the county assessment is concerned, the extra-parochiality alludes altogether to tithes. The Boundary Survey Act of 6 Geo. 4. c. 94, under which I determine the boundaries of counties, parishes and town lands, enables me to determine those boundaries, and having done so, unless there be an appeal against the boundaries so determined by me, they are final, as far as the local taxation is concerned, and consequently I take no notice of extra-parochial districts or town lands, and have never done so.
650.	If that extra-parochial place has never paid county cess or church-rate, can it appeal to the vestry against its being included ?
	— I think that unless the Act of Parliament exempts it, and unless the land be legally exempt, it must be valued according to the Act, and it is bound to pay as a portion of the parish in which it is included, and the appeal should be made in the vestry of that parish. If it be legally exempt, that is a sufficient answer.
651.	[Mr. M. O'Ferrall.] There is a townland called Slieve Green, in the county of Waterford, consisting of 25,000 acres, which is extra-parochial. How would you place that in your valuation ? [Slievegrine mountain is in Ardmore cp, which Samuel Lewis said had 28,135 statute acres and tithes of £650. There are no large townlands on the first-edition OS map; 1851 census has 24215 acres and max tld size is 732 (Lagnagoushee). Parl Gaz sv "Decies within Drum" says "This barony contains part of the parish of Kilmolash, and the whole of the Slieve grine mountain extra-parochial district, and of the parishes of Aglish, Ardmore, Ballymacart, Ringagoona, Clashmore, Grange, and Kinsalabeg." 1831 Census p.29 does not mention Slieve grine or any extra-parochial district in Waterford. 1822 report mentions contemporary enclosure of 12000 acres of commonage. ]
	— I would place it in the parish in which it is contained, or in which the greater portion of it is contained, but if it be a common, and the surrounding parishes possess a right of commonage on it, I would apportion it to those parishes in proportion to that right.

Parl Gaz 1846 hathitrust "extra-parochial" searches: V1, V2, V3

• v.1 p.76 c.2 In 1804, the parochial division [of Co. Armagh] exhibited ... 18 extra-parochial denominations; ... In 1831, the civil parochial division, as followed in the population books, exhibits 18 ... only 1 extra-parochial denomination.
  • the 18 may be a misinterpretation of this 1804 list of "References to Ecclesiastical Denominations, which are not distinct parishes" which are cross-referenced to actual parishes

Abstract of the First Report of the Commissioners Appointed to Inquire Into the State of Religious and Other Instruction in Ireland (1835) pp. 195–196 "Parishes or other Districts without Provision for the Cure of Souls" includes 5 in Armagh, 3 in Dublin, and none in Cashel or Tuam provinces.

• State of religious and other instruction now existing in Ireland : first report and appendix, 1835 without cure of souls: Armagh page/n147 CARGIN, Extra-parochial / Dublin Page n265 MOUNTAINS of FORTH, Extra-parochial.

1830s reports selection had a few others

Report of Her Majesty's Commission on the revenues and conditions of the Established Church (1868) p.606: Schedule XVI (4): (4) Extra Parochial Districts.

• Diocese of Down: Castleboy (church pop 122)
• Diocese of Connor: Shilvodan Grange (pop 62) Dundermot Grange (pop 60) Glenwherry (pop 17)
• Diocese of Kildare: Grange Clare (pop 5)

"The extra parochial districts termed granges" paper by William Reeves from appendix to 1868 report.

• His Majesty's Commission of ecclesiastical inquiry into Unions of parochial benefices in Ireland, 1831
  • p.11 The incomes of the Clergy from their Benefices were moreover diminished by an Ecclesiastical denomination or division of land in the Diocese of Connor, known by the name of “ Grange.*’ The occupiers of land in these granges set up a claim that the denominations of land so called are extra-parochial, and free from the payment of Tithes to the Church. They have no Parochial provision of their own j but their Inhabitants resort for Divine Service to the Church of the Parish to which they are nominally annexed, and are dependent for the discharge of the occasional duties of Religion on the Minister of that Parish, who, however, most commonly does not receive from them any compensation.
  • pp. 427,437 Ballyclare between 2 unions considered ep

1850 Thom's Directory explicitly (p. 618) says Patrick's Deanery is extra-parochial and implicitly (p 617) the same about Liberty of Christchurch; the 4.5 acres of the Manor of Glasnevin perhaps not so, since most of the manor was in the county.

• Patrick's extra parochial Mun Corp Rpt 1835
• Bullane + expar Return of parishes in Ireland with agreements under Tithe Composition Acts 1832
• 1820 Chancellorship of Cork Cathedral 6 'parishes' "Pursuant to Act 25th Geo. II, ch. 23, sect. 10 & 11, in which these denominations are considered not as parishes, but as parts of the south suburbs of the city of Cork. They were probably the mere sites of religious houses, which had, in fact, become extra-parochial."
• Papers relating to raising Men for completing Militia of Ireland, 1808 For the purpofes of the Ad of the 47th of the King Chap. 56. it was in the County of Limerick, at an early period, intended to levy the Money neceffary for the required Men by Baronial AflefTment, wliich would have been the eafiea, moft expeditious, and fatisfaftory Method; it was afterwards conceived that fucli Mode was not fo confiftent with the words of the Aft, and railing the Sum by Parochial Aflefllnent was in confequence attempted, and the Precepts forwarded in the fubjoined proportion, for the purpofe of being difpofed of as the Deputy Governors at their Subdiviiional Meetings Ihould deem moft advifable. However, from peculiar circumftances, by Extra-parochial Places and Glebes not on Pariih Books, and feveral degrees of interference between neighbouring Pariflies and adjoining Counties, making deficits m feme mftauces of thoufands of Acres, the refpedive Localities were neceflarily obliged to be taken into confideration, and AflelTments were in fome inftances made for the purpofes of the Aft, but in a varied manner, according to the difcretion of the Deputy Governors at their Subdivifional Meetings, they having always in view the moft equitable Mode of taxation fuited to the particular circumftances ofthe place.
• Correspondence relating to measures for relief of distress in Ireland (Board of Works Series), July 1846 - January 1847 The Ecclesiastical Parishes, as tithe districts, or districts limiting the cure of souls, frequently differ from the civil parish, used for county assessments, in consequence of the Unions and severances which have been made from time to time by the Privy Council for ecclesiastical purposes ; and there are districts called Granges, frequently the site of a former religious house, which are extra-parochial as to tithe and church rates, but combined with the parishes for civil assessments.
• Collection and payment of tithes in Ireland : first report 1832 "In those instances [reclaimed big edges and mountainside] do you attribute it to the Composition Act taking place?— I think that prior to the Composition Act improvement was much checked by tithes, because upon those mountains, and where the land was brought in in that kind of way, they looked upon themselves as almost extra-parochial, and extra tax of every kind ; but the tithe proctor found them out, and they were compelled to pay, and there was an incubus created by those payments which checked improvement ; but I look upon it now that they have no check of that sort, and I am sure that the stimulus to industry has been promoted by it."
• Return of Orders in Council and Agreements under Light Railways (Ireland) Act, 1889 various foreshore denominations called extra-parochial in descriptions of lands purchased for railways

Exempt jurisdictions

Warden of Galway? 1484 to 19th century. Gone by 1868, only Newry and Mourne left per 1868 report p. x

"Exempt jurisdiction of Newry and Mourne" — was this coterminous with the Lordship of Newry? Well the barony is conterminous with the Down portion of Newry cp, whereas the cp has Armagh portion, and the Exempt jurisdiction has another cp (Kilkeel) in Down. (Any connection with Lordship, County Louth?) The 1846 Parl Gaz (vol.3 pp. 23–26 esp. p. 24) excludes the Kilkeel cp, and mentions Shannaghan det pt switch barony, and tries to distinguish the Exempt jurisdiction (same area as parish) from the barony but gets a little mixed up about it. The Earl of Kilmorey was "Lord of the Exempt Jurisdiction" and lord of the manor; he appointed a vicar general.

The exempt jurisdiction appears to extend over the parishes of Newry and Kilkeel, with the chapelries of Kilcoo, Killegar, and Tamlaght, containing an area in all of about 100,000 acres, and having about 7,000 Church Protestants. Besides these parishes, two outlying townlands, namely, Grange O'Neiland, county Armagh, twenty miles from Newry, and Shanaghans, county Down, are stated to be also subject to this jurisdiction. The Abbot had no power to administer the rite of confirmation. It is still more certain that Lord Kilmorey has none. Accordingly the Primate is at intervals invited within the exempt jurisdiction to confirm the children of Newry parish, and the Bishop of Down confirms those of the other parishes.

• Can't find Killegar in Ulster; likely Kilmegan: 'T. M. Blagg in his Index to Irish Wills (published 1918, edited by Gertrude Thrift) states that the jurisdiction comprises "the parishes of Newry, Kilcoo, Kilmegan, Kilkeel (Mourne), and ohapelry of Tamlaght".'
• Tamlaght: Samuel Lewis says re Kilkeel: "The living is a rectory, in the diocese of Down, united, in 1809 [?recte 1609?], by charter of Jas. I., to the rectories of Kilcoo and Kilmegan and the chapelry of Tamlaght (a small townland in Kilkeel), which together form the union of Kilkeel and the corps of the treasurership of the cathedral of Down, in the alternate patronage of the Marquess of Anglesey, and the Earl of Kilmorey."
• Reeves gave more details in 1847:

The name Mourne, under the forms Mugoorn, Mugdorn Maigen, and Muġdorn mopeaġ, is of frequent occurrence in the Irish Annals, and is applied, in the first two cases, to the southern district of the county of Monaghan. ... The Taxation is, perhaps, the earliest record in which a name resembling Mourne is applied to the barony now so called. ... The parish of Kilkeel (Cill caol 'narrow church'), called Mocorne in the Taxation, is co-extensive with the barony. ... The following chapels belonged to this extensive rectory:

I. TAMLAGHT.—In the townland Lisnacree, at the S. W. edge of the parish, adjoining Killowen in Kilbrony, is the graveyard of this chapel. ... By the charter of 1609 this chapel was constituted a member of the corps of the Treasurership of Down Cathedral.

II. "Capella de BALLOCH-ENEVRY, or part of Morne, near by the sea from Newcastle".-Terrier. In the townland Ballaghanery are the churchyard and the ruins marked on the Ord. Survey St. Mary's Church.

III. North-west of the last rises the mountain Slieve Donard, which takes its name from Domangard, a saint who was born about the commencement of the sixth century. ... the following description by Harris: "On the Summit of this Mountain ... rude ... Edifice is composed of many Stones, so disposed in rude Walls and Partitions, called Chappels, and perhaps was the Oratory and Cell erected by St. Domangard before hinted. Sir William Petty mentions in his Maps a Chappel on the N. E. side of Slieve-Donard, which he calls Leniord's Chappel; but probably for want of due Information he has corrupted the Name, and that the true Name of it is Donard's Chappel”.

IV. GREENCASTLE.-The townland so called ... Here are the remains of the castle, and colse, on the south, the "chapel in ruins"

Besides these chapels, which are in the parish of Kilkeel, there are two rectories, which appear, from their not being noticed in the Taxation, to have been early dependencies of Kilkeel. In the Terrier they are called Chapels. In the early part of the seventeenth century they accompanied Kilkeel; but towards the middle of it, they were held independently of it. At present they form part of a large union extending over 80,000 statute acres.

V. KILCOO, in Upper Iveagh. Called Killcudua in the Charter of 1609; Kilchow in the Terrier; and Kilcua in the Ulster Visitation. In the townland Ballymoney (Ord. Survey, s. 42) are the "Church ruins" and grave-yard.

VI. KILMEGAN. The parish church occupies the old site in the townland Moneylane. (Ord. Survey, s. 43.) In Drumbuck Wood, to the north of Castlewellan, was formerly a cemetery; also in Carrowbane, a sub-denomination of Ballywillwill; and another in the townland Ballylough, at Dunsillagh Hill, called Shankill.

Before the Reformation the parish of Kilkeel was styled a Plebania, —a term, the explanation of which may help to shew the grounds upon which exemption from episcopal jurisdiction has been claimed for this parish. The term Plebanus is occasionally used as equivalent to Rural Dean and Archpresbiter. ... In ecclesiastical usage the word Plebes had three significations: Ist. 'The faithful under a priest'; 2nd. 'A diocese or parish'; 3rd. A baptismal church'. ... "There were some cures", writes Bishop Stillingfleet, "which had chapels of ease belonging to them; and they who officiated in them, were called capellani, and had their subsistence out of the oblations and obventions, and were often perpetual and presentatives. And where the incumbents had several chapels of ease, and only assistants to supply them, the canon law doth not call them rectores, but plebani; who had a sort of peculiar jurisdiction in lesser matters, but still they were under the bishop's authority in visitations, and other ecclesiastical censures".—(Duties, &c., of the P. Clergyk.) Such seems to have been the ancient condition of the plebanus of Kilkeel, rather than that described by Cowel, of a Parish Priest in a large Mother Church, exempt from the Jurisdiction of the Ordinary, who had therefore the Authority of a Rural Dean committed to him by the Archbishop, to whom the Church was immediately subject".-(Interpreter, sub voce.)

Dublin revision

Andrews:

the 1838 plate is not the one from which the first edition of the Dublin sheet was printed [because of] the unusual administrative geography of [the Dublin region]. Throughout the country, an essential preliminary to the official mapping of the ground had been the delimitation of townlands [etc], and in 1825 a special department, independent of the Ordnance officers but in close touch with them, had been set up for this purpose. Until it reached Dublin the boundary department had usually managed to keep ahead of the survey proper; but in this county the territorial pattern was found to be so complex and irrational that the government decided not to publish the map until the boundaries had been reformed. When the reformation was finally given legal validity in August 1842 (5 & 6 Vic, c. 96), the Survey had to mount a quick programme of revision ... finished in February 1843.

Townland OED

• NED v.10 pt.1 p.215 sv "Townland" has apposite quotes, incl 1662, 1836, 1892.
  • 1662 is Act Chas II c.14 & 15 c.2 (iii) sec.3

    And in order to the more particular apportioning or dividing the said lands amongst the said adventurers, and satisfying their deficiencies, and ascertaining their respective proportions, you are to cause public proclamation to be made within the respective counties, cities, baronies and places in Ireland, thereby directing each adventurer, his assignee or assignees, or his or their agent or agents sufficiently authorized, that hath received any satisfaction in land for his adventure, within forty dayes after such proclamation to deliver unto you in writing under his hand and seal a particular of the houses, lands, tenements and hereditaments, possessed by him, together with the content or number of acres, both profitable and unprofitable, in each town-land, village, balybo or quarter of land, as the same were admeasured to him, or for his use, and in the right of whom he claimeth such adventure; and if such adventure be for houses in any city, such adventurer is to deliver in, not only the particular houses, tenements and hereditaments by him possessed, but also the value of them respectively as set out to him, or any other for his use.

References

Sources

• Andrews, John Harwood (2002). A Paper Landscape: The Ordnance Survey in Nineteenth-century Ireland (2nd ed.). Four Courts Press. ISBN 9781851826643.
• Scally, Robert James (1995). "The Townland". The End of Hidden Ireland: Rebellion, Famine, and Emigration. Oxford University Press. pp. 9–22. ISBN 978-0-19-510659-6 – via Internet Archive.
• Simington, R. C.; Wheeler, T. S. (1945). "Sir Robert Kane's Soil Survey of Ireland: The Record of a Failure". Studies: An Irish Quarterly Review. 34 (136): 539–551. JSTOR 30100075.
• Spring Rice, Thomas; Select Committee on the Survey and Valuation of Ireland (21 June 1824). Report. Parliamentary papers. Vol. HC 1824 (445) viii 79. HMSO. Retrieved 14 July 2019.
  • Appendix G, Table II "Tabular Digest of the Enumerators' Qualification Returns" pp.142–153 lists number of townlands by barony, with footnotes explaining defects and aliases, and "Observations" at the end. National total per summary table p.153 is 46,0081⁄2 townlands (excluding city liberties and some baronies in Cork, Wexford, Galway, and Leitrim).
• Stephens, Nicholas; Glasscock, Robin E., eds. (1970). Irish geographical studies in honour of E. Estyn Evans. Belfast: Queen's University of Belfast. Retrieved 7 May 2019 – via Internat Archive.
  • T. Jones Hughes "Town and Baile in Irish Place-names", in Stephens and Glasscock 1970
• Irish Poor Law Commissioners (1838–50). "Orders relating to Irish unions". Oireachtas Library – via JSTOR.
• Irish Poor Law Commissioners (1838–50). "Orders relating to Irish unions" (PDF). Oireachtas Library.