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User:Jnestorius/Medieval boroughs in Ireland

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About 300 ancient boroughs are recorded as having existed in Ireland in the centuries after the Norman invasion of Ireland. Most were founded by Normans, or at least had charters from the English Lord of Ireland or one of his magnates. However, some Hiberno-Norse settlements, such as Dublin, and Celtic Christian monastic sites, such as Killaloe, may have had borough status before or without Norman involvement. Some "rural boroughs" were agricultural rather than urban in character; others declined after an initial period of growth.[1] Many were abandoned in the course of the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries as English control was largely confined to the Pale around Dublin and a few other coastal regions; the location of some boroughs named in ancient records is uncertain. Of the boroughs represented in the Irish House of Commons in the eighteenth century, some were ancient boroughs (whether of continuous existence or refounded after the Tudor Reconquest of Ireland) while others were established by the Tudors or Stuarts during the Plantations of Ireland.

Context

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Otway-Ruthven:[2]

Hand in hand with the erection of castles went the settlement of an immigrant farming population, recruited by methods at which we can only guess, but which are vividly suggested by the existence at a number of places which can never have had any real urban character of the rudiments of an urban organization: land held in burgage tenure and a hundred court. We know of more than twenty such places, scattered over the country from Donoughmore in Imail[n 1] to the New Town of Leys (? near Stradbally, bar. Stradbally) and from Cloncurry to Dunmanogue, and it is reasonable to suppose that there were many more of which no evidence has survived. They can hardly represent anything but the use of the favoured position represented by burgage tenure to attract the small settler." Certainly such settlers came: in the few cases where detailed extents have survived we find that the small free tenants and farmers bear English and Welsh names, though there are also Irishmen among them.

List

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List of boroughs[3]
Name Location[n 2] Date
[n 3]
Status since the 17th century Other notes
Bushmills Ulster, Antrim, Dunluce Lower, Dunluce 1272 No corporation
Carrickfergus Ulster, Antrim, Carrickfergus, St. Nicholas, Carrickfergus 1221 Corporation survived till 1840; parliamentary borough till 1885; corporate county till 1898; urban district till 1973; ceremonial borough 19??
Drumaliss "Dunmalys" Ulster, Antrim, Glenarm Upper, Larne, Curran & Drumaliss 1333 Superseded by Larne just westward Site of Olderfleet Castle,
Le Coul Ulster, Antrim, unknown 1333 No trace
Belfast "Le Ford" Ulster, Antrim, Belfast Lower, Shankill, Town Parks 1333 Refounded 16??
Portrush "Porcros" Ulster, Antrim, Dunluce Lower, Ballywillin 1272 No corporation
Carlow Leinster, Carlow c.1223
Forth Leinster, Carlow, Forth 1307
Old Leighlin "Leighlin" Leinster, Carlow 1276
Tullow Leinster, Carlow 1303
Bunratty Munster, Clare 1298
Ballyhac Munster, Cork, unknown 1251
Bellonar Munster, Cork, unknown 1251
Buttevant Munster, Cork, Orrery and Kilmore, Buttevant, Buttevant 1300
Mourneabbey "Castlemora" Munster, Cork, Barretts, Mourneabbey, Mourneabbey 1324
Cloyne Munster, Cork 1251
Cork Munster, Cork, Cork City 1189
Douglas Munster, Cork, Cork, Carrigaline, Douglas 1251
Fayth Munster, Cork, Cork, uncertain 1282 No trace.[4] South of the River Lee, probably near St. Finbarr's Cathedral.[4]
Kilmaclenine Munster, Cork, Orrery and Kilmore, Kilmaclenine, Kilmaclenine 1251 "Deserted rural borough" with ruins.[5] Borough and manor of the Bishop of Cloyne.
Kinsale Munster, Cork 1292
Mallow Munster, Cork 1299
Youghal Munster, Cork 1288 Corporation survived till 1840; parliamentary borough till 1885
Coleraine Ulster, Londonderry, 1235 post-1600 other-notes
"Roc" (probably Limavady Ulster, Londonderry, 1296 post-1600 other-notes
Newtownards "Blathewyc" Ulster, Down, bar, par, tld 1333 post-1600 other-notes
Downpatrick "Down" Ulster, Down, bar, par, tld 1277 post-1600 other-notes
Greencastle Ulster, Down, bar, par, tld 1333 post-1600 other-notes
Holywood Ulster, Down, bar, par, tld 1333 post-1600 other-notes
Bray[n 4] Leinster, Dublin, Rathdown, par, tld date1 post-1600 other-notes
Clondalkin Leinster, Dublin, bar, par, tld date1 post-1600 other-notes
Dalkey Leinster, Dublin, bar, par, tld date1 post-1600 other-notes
Dublin Leinster, Dublin, Dublin City, par, tld date1 post-1600 other-notes
Lucan Leinster, Dublin, bar, par, tld date1 post-1600 other-notes
Lusk Leinster, Dublin, bar, par, tld date1 post-1600 other-notes
Rathcoole Leinster, Dublin, bar, par, tld date1 post-1600 other-notes
Saggart Leinster, Dublin, bar, par, tld date1 post-1600 other-notes
Shankill Leinster, Dublin, bar, par, tld date1 post-1600 other-notes
Swords Leinster, Dublin, bar, par, tld date1 post-1600 other-notes
Tallaght Leinster, Dublin, bar, par, tld date1 post-1600 other-notes
Ardrahan Connacht, Galway, bar, par, tld date1 post-1600 other-notes
Athenry Connacht, Galway, bar, par, tld date1 post-1600 other-notes
Dunmore Connacht, Galway, bar, par, tld date1 post-1600 other-notes
Galway Connacht, Galway, bar, par, tld date1 post-1600 other-notes
Kilcolgan Connacht, Galway, bar, par, tld date1 post-1600 other-notes
Loughrea Connacht, Galway, bar, par, tld date1 post-1600 other-notes
Meelick Connacht, Galway, bar, par, tld date1 post-1600 other-notes
Portumna Connacht, Galway, bar, par, tld date1 post-1600 other-notes
Ardfert Munster, Kerry, bar, par, tld date1 post-1600 other-notes
Dingle Munster, Kerry, Corkaguiney, par, tld date1 post-1600 other-notes
Tralee Munster, Kerry, bar, par, tld date1 post-1600 other-notes
Ardree Leinster, Kildare, bar, par, tld (S687925) date1 post-1600 other-notes
Ardscull Leinster, Kildare, bar, par, tld (S726977) date1 post-1600 other-notes
Athy Leinster, Kildare, bar, par, tld date1 post-1600 other-notes
Ballymore Eustace Leinster, Kildare or Dublin????, bar, par, tld date1 post-1600 other-notes
Carbery Leinster, Kildare, bar, par, tld (N690344) date1 post-1600 other-notes
Castledermot Leinster, Kildare, bar, par, tld date1 post-1600 other-notes
Clane Leinster, Kildare, bar, par, tld date1 post-1600 other-notes
Cloncurry Leinster, Kildare, bar, par, tld (N803411) date1 post-1600 other-notes
Glassely Leinster, Kildare, bar, par, tld (S756982) date1 post-1600 other-notes
Kildare Leinster, Kildare, bar, par, tld date1 post-1600 other-notes
Kilkea Leinster, Kildare, Kilkea and Moone, par, tld date1 post-1600 other-notes
Leixlip Leinster, Kildare, bar, par, tld date1 post-1600 other-notes
Moone Leinster, Kildare, Kilkea and Moone, par, tld date1 post-1600 other-notes
Dunmanoge "Mounmohenek" Leinster, Kildare, Kilkea and Moone, Dunmanogue, Dunmanogue (S730832) date1 post-1600 other-notes[6]
Naas Leinster, Kildare, bar, par, tld date1 post-1600 other-notes
Narragh Leinster, Kildare, bar, par, tld (S780989) date1 post-1600 Narraghmore ?
Oughterard Leinster, Kildare, bar, par, tld date1 post-1600 other-notes
Rathangan Leinster, Kildare, bar, par, tld date1 post-1600 other-notes
Rathmore Leinster, Kildare, bar, par, tld date1 post-1600 other-notes
Straffan Leinster, Kildare, bar, par, tld date1 post-1600 other-notes
Tipper prov, cou, bar, par, tld (N918185) date1 post-1600 other-notes
Town prov, cou, bar, par, tld date1 post-1600 other-notes
Town prov, cou, bar, par, tld date1 post-1600 other-notes
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Notes
  1. ^ Donoughmore was a settlement which failed : c. 1303 all the burgage lands were held by a single tenant (N. B. White, Red Book of Ormond, p. 19).
  2. ^ As far as is known, in the order province, county, barony, civil parish, and townland
  3. ^ The earliest documentary evidence of borough status.
  4. ^ In 1606, County Wicklow was shired out of Dublin, including half of Rathdown barony; Bray has since been in the barony of Rathdown, County Wicklow.

Sources

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  • Graham, B. J. (1977). "The documentation of medieval Irish boroughs" (PDF). Bulletin of the Group for the Study of Irish Historic Settlement (4): 9–20. Retrieved 8 December 2014.
  • Graham, B. J. (1978). "The documentation of medieval Irish boroughs: Addenda" (PDF). Bulletin of the Group for the Study of Irish Historic Settlement (5): 41–45. Retrieved 8 December 2014.
  • Graham, B. J. (1988). "The Definition and Classification of Medieval Irish Towns" (PDF). Irish Geography. 21 (1): 20–32. doi:10.1080/00750778809478802. ISSN 0075-0778. Retrieved 24 May 2017.</ref>
  • Mac Niocaill, Gearóid (1964). Na Buirgéisí, XII–XV (in Irish). Vol. Vol. I, Téacsanna bunreachtúla (texts). Blackrock, Dublin: Cló Morainn. OCLC 605917088. {{cite book}}: |volume= has extra text (help)
  • Mac Niocaill, Gearóid (1964). Na Buirgéisí, XII–XV (in Irish). Vol. Vol. II, Aistí (commentary, appendixes, and indexes). Blackrock, Dublin: Cló Morainn. OCLC 605029606. {{cite book}}: |volume= has extra text (help)

Unread

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  • Bradley, John (1998). "The medieval boroughs of County Dublin". Dublin and beyond the Pale. Studies in honour of Patrick Healy. pp. 129–144.

References

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  1. ^ Bradley, John (2000). "Rural boroughs in medieval Ireland: nucleated or dispersed settlements?" (PDF). Proceedings of the Ruralia Conference. III. Prague: Institute of Archaeology.
  2. ^ The Medieval County of Kildare J. Otway-Ruthven Irish Historical Studies Vol. 11, No. 43 (Mar., 1959), pp. 181-199 Published by: Irish Historical Studies Publications Ltd Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/30005864
  3. ^ Unless indicated, the source is Graham 1977.
  4. ^ a b "urbanarchaeologicalsurvey". corkpastandpresent. pp. 97–98. Retrieved 9 December 2014.
  5. ^ Roberts, B. K. (1970). "Settlement and Agriculture in Ireland". Area. 2 (1): 53–56. JSTOR 20000423.
  6. ^ Lambrick, George. "Air and Earth: Aerial Archaeology in Ireland" (PDF). Heritage Council. p. 48. Retrieved 22 December 2014.

Boroughs Medieval