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General

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The British Constitution Group, which "campaigns for the restoration of Britain's ancient constitution",[1] states:[2]

In 1297 the Model Parliament confirmed Magna Carta in statute law. Much of this statute has since been repealed. Yet while Parliament can repeal or amend any Act of Parliament (statute), Parliament was not a party to the original Common Law contract, and cannot, therefore, amend or repeal it lawfully, and thus its original provisions remain intact.

Does any less marginal group share this view?

The UK Law Reform Committee in 1965 proposed repealing all of 1297 statute except c.29 but Parliament removed c.1 and c.37 from the bill that became the Statute Law (Repeals) Act 1969.[3]

Other jurisdictions

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A useful survey of reception statutes is Chapter 6 of Joan Snape Marshall's 1977 thesis.[4]

Australia

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Only c 29 survives[5]

  • in the substantive statute law of four Australian State and Territory jurisdictions [Imperial Acts Application Act 1969 (NSW) Sch 2 Pt 1; Imperial Acts Application Act 1980 (Vic) Sch; Imperial Acts Application Act 1984 (Qld) Sch 1; Legislation Act 2001 (ACT) s 17(2) and Sch 1 Pt 1.1]
  • and as the received law in the other three States and Territory.
  • Clerk, D (2014). "Ch 10: Magna Carta Unchained: The Great Charter in Modern Commonwealth Law". In Magraw, DB; Martinez, A; Brownell, RE (eds.). Magna Carta and the Rule of Law. American Bar Association. p. 257.

Ireland

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https://www.fourcourtspress.ie/books/new-year-folder/law-and-the-idea-of-liberty-in-ireland-from-magna-carta-to-the-present/contents

The Magna Carta Hibernia is a modified version of the Magna Carta of 1216 that was transmitted to Dublin. Robin Dudley Edwards argued that the text recorded in the 15th-century Red Book of the Irish Exchequer is contains amendments made unilaterally by Irish Exchequer officials.

Northern Ireland

Some repealed by Parliament of Northern Ireland acts, others by Westminster acts; Government of Ireland Act 1920 reserved "constitutional" issues as ultra vires for NI Parliament.

Republic of Ireland

The Statute Law Revision Act 2007 retains three versions: five acts from 1297 (adoption by Poynings, alkso retained) plus one from 1215, plus 1216 adoption of 1215.[6]

Realm Year Name Retained Repealed
Eng 1215 "Statute of uncertain date (before 15 June 1215) Unknown Charter of Liberties" -- 1-12
Eng 1215 1215 (17 John) Magna Carta c.45 "Sheriffs Act 1215". The Law Reform Commission in 2010 produced a draft "Courts (Consolidation and Reform) Bill" which, as a consolidation bill, would repeal many old laws including the Sheriffs Act 1215.[7] 1-44, 46-63
Eng 1216 1216 (1 Hen. 3) Magna Carta -- 1-42
Irl 1216 1216 (1 Hen. 3) [P.R.O. vol. 1, Magna Carta Hiberniae 1216] single statute --
Eng 1217 1217 (2 Hen. 3) Magna Carta -- 1-47
Eng 1217 1217 (2 Hen. 3) Charter of the Forest -- 1-17
Eng 1225 1225 (9 Hen. 3) Writ for the collection of the Fifthteenth -- single statute
Eng 1297 1297 (25 Edw. 1) Magna Carta] five different acts named "Magna Carta (subject) 1297", where clause numbers and subjects are: (8) "State Debt"; (15) "Making of Bridges"; (16) "Obstructing of Rivers"; (29) "Civil and Criminal Justice"; and (30) "Treatment of Foreign Merchants". previously the Short Titles Act 1962 had given c.16 the short title "Magna Carta, 1297" and c.7 (repealed in 1965) the short title "Dower Act, 1297". and described them as "English Statutes applied by Poynings' Act 1495".[8]

New Zealand

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Looks like only c.29 as well.[9]

Scotland

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A 1904 case where an argument that Magna Carta affected the Crown's prerogative fishing rights in Scotland was rejected by the Court of Session. "It is certain that Magna Carta was at its most important for Scotland in the year of its creation (1215), and that that importance probably did not long outlive King John".[10]

Singapore

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Law of Singapore implicitly accepted by the Second Charter of Justice in 1826, and repealed by the Application of English Law Act 1993.[11]

United States

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First Continental Congress 1774 resolution "That the respective colonies are entitled to the common law of England ... That they are entitled to the benefit of such of the English statutes, as existed at the time of their colonization; and which they have, by experience, respectively found to be applicable to their several local and other circumstances." All US states bar law of Louisiana have reception statutes for English common law, but only some interpret "common law" as including "relevant" statute law as well as judicial precedents and rules of law. What counts as "relevant" is vague and decided by state judges. Some states have passed statues explicitly repealing or denying the force of law to English/British statutes (and sometimes to colonial statutes). In such cases, Magna Carta might still be seen as "common" rather than "statute" law.[12] Magna Carta has certainly been mentioned by US judges, but has it been Do any states have a Revised edition of statutes which includes English/British law? Does any have a statute explicitly repealing or amending (as opposed to restating) part of Magna Carta?

"17 states have incorporated the entire text of Magna Carta into their statute books, beginning with South Carolina in 1836 and most recently in North Dakota in 1943."[13]

Georgia

William Schley in 1826 states "Very few of the provisions of this charter are in force in Georgia, being generally inapplicable, or superceded by our own laws. The 4, 5, 7, 14, 29, 30 and 36 chapters only, contain principles applicable to our situation".[14] Schley nevertheless printed the complete text, "in order that this great statute might appear entire, and without mutilation".[15]

Kentucky

Digest from 1822 which includes "English and Virginia statutes, yet in force" appears not to include any of Magna Carta.[16]

Pennsylvania

Supreme Court of Pennsylvania reported in 1808 on British Statutes in force, noting two chapters of Magna Carta (dated 9 Hen.3 [1225] per Ruffhead) of which c.7 was to be incorporated and c.34 not.[17]

South Carolina

A 1712 Act of the Provincial Assembly adopted some English statutes, including 9 Hen.3 [1225] cc 1,8,18,28,29,34; in 1814 all but c34 are marked "obsolete" by Joseph Brevard.[18]

Clauses

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William Sharp McKechnie's 1914 volume cross-references the 1215 and 1225 chapter numbers.[19]

Barry Sharples's website has convenient transcriptions of 1215, 1216, 1217, 1225, and 1297 texts from Richard Thomson, lacking only Thomson's cross-reference numbers from each text to the preceding one.[20] However these don't line up with the Irish Statute Book numbering; perhaps some clauses are missing; e.g. 1217 45-46-47 in ISB numbers are 42-x-43 in Thomson numbering, where nothing corresponds to 46. Holt says he uses "conventional numbering" of clauses.

Clauses of various versions of Magna Carta[21]
Clause number, in date of issue.. Provision Repealed by[n 1]
..1215 1216[n 2] 1217[n 3] ..1225 EW[24] NI[24] RoI
1 1 1 1 Guaranteed the freedom of the English Church. in force in force[n 4] 2005
2 2 2 2 Regulated the operation of feudal relief upon the death of a baron. 1863 1872
3 3 3 3 Regulated the operation of feudal relief and minors' coming of age.
4 4 4 4 Regulated the process of wardship, and the role of the guardian.
5 5 5 5 Forbade the exploitation of a ward's property by his guardian.
6 6 6 6 Forbade guardians from marrying a ward to a partner of lower social standing.
7 7 7 7.1 A widow shall receive her dower promptly. 1925 (and 1969) 1955 (and 1969) 1965
— zzz zzz 7.2 A widow may be removed from a castle to a competent house with estovers; her dower is one third of her husband's estate
8 8 8 7.3 Forbade the forcible remarrying of widows and confirmed the royal veto over baronial marriages.
9 9 9 8 Established protection for debtors, confirming that a debtor should not have his lands seized as long as he had other means to pay the debt. 1969 in force
10 — — — Regulated Jewish money lending, stating that children would not pay interest on a debt they had inherited while they were under age. [n 5]
11 — — — Further addressed Jewish money lending, stating that a widow and children should be provided for before paying an inherited debt. [n 5]
12 — — — Determined that scutage or aid, forms of medieval taxation, could be levied and assessed only by the common consent of the realm. [n 5]
13 10 10 9 Confirmed the liberties and customs of the City of London and other boroughs. in force in force[n 4] 2005
14 — — — Described how senior churchmen and barons would be summoned to give consent for scutage and aid. [n 5]
15 — — — Prohibited anyone from levying aid on their free men. [n 5]
16 11 11 10 Placed limits on the level of service required for a knight's fee. 1948[28] 2005
17 12 12 11 Established a fixed law court rather than one which followed the movements of the King. 1879
18 13 13 12.1 Defined the authority and frequency of county courts.
19 14 14[n 6] 12.2[n 6] Determined how excess business of a county court should be dealt with.
— — 15 13 assize of darrein presentment before our Justices of the Bench 1863 1872
20 15 16 14.1 Stated that an amercement, a type of medieval fine, should be proportionate to the offence, but even for a serious offence the fine should not be so heavy as to deprive a man of his livelihood. Fines should be imposed only through local assessment. 1967 1967 2007
21 16 17 14.2 Determined that earls and barons should be fined only by other earls and barons.
22 17 18 14.3 Determined that the size of a fine on a member of the clergy should be independent of the ecclesiastical wealth held by the individual churchman.
23 18 19 15 Limited the right of feudal lords to demand assistance in building bridges across rivers. 1969 in force
— — 20 16 Defending of river banks.
24 19 21 17 Prohibited royal officials, such as sheriffs, from trying a crime as an alternative to a royal judge. 1892
25 — — — Fixed the royal rents on lands, with the exception of royal demesne manors. [n 5]
26 20 22 18 Established a process for dealing with the death of those owing debts to the Crown. 1947 1949[n 7] 2005
27 — — — Laid out the process for dealing with intestacy. [n 5]
28 21 23 19 Determined that a royal officer requisitioning goods must offer immediate payment to their owner. 1863 1872
29 22 24 20 Regulated the exercise of castle-guard duty.
30 23 25 21.1 Prevented royal officials from requisitioning horses or carts without the owner's consent.
— — 26 21.2 Prevented bailiffs from taking demesne carts
31 24 27 21.3 Prevented royal officials from requisitioning timber without the owner's consent.
32 25 28 22 Prevented the Crown from confiscating the lands of felons for longer than a year and a day, after which they were to be returned to the relevant feudal lord. 1948[28] 2005
33 26 29 23 Ordered the removal of all fish weirs from rivers. 1969 2005
34 27 30 24 Forbade the issuing of writ precipes if doing so would undermine the right of trial in a local feudal court. 1863 1872
35 28 31 25 Ordered the establishment of standard measures for wine, ale, corn, and cloth. 1948[28] 2005
36 29 32 26 Determined that writs for loss of life or limb were to be freely given without charge. 1828 1829
37 30 33 27 Regulated the inheritance of Crown lands held by "fee-farm". 1863 1872
38 31 34 28 Stated that no one should be put on trial based solely on the unsupported word of a royal official.
39 32 35 29.1 Stated that no free man could be imprisoned or stripped of his rights or possessions without due process being legally applied. in force
40 33 36 29.2 Forbade the selling of justice, or its denial or delay.
41 34 37 30 Guaranteed the safety and the right of entry and exit of foreign merchants. 1969 in force
42 — — — Permitted men to leave England for short periods without prejudicing their allegiance to the King, with the exceptions for outlaws and wartime. [n 5]
43 35 38 31 Established special provisions for taxes due on estates temporarily held by the Crown. 1863 1872
44 36 — — Limited the need for people to attend forest courts, unless they were actually involved in the proceedings. [n 5]
45 — — — Stated that the King should appoint only justices, constables, sheriffs, or bailiffs who knew and would enforce the law. [n 8] unrepealed[n 9]
— — 39 32 Lands not to be alienated to the prejudice of the lord's service. 1887
46 37 40 33 Permitted barons to take guardianship of monasteries in the absence of an abbot. 1863 1872
47 38 — — Abolished those royal forests newly created under King John's reign. [n 5]
48 — — — Established an investigation of "evil customs" associated with royal forests, with an intent to abolishing them.
49 — — — Ordered the return of hostages held by the King.
50 — — — Forbade relatives of Gérard d'Athée from serving as a royal officer.
51 — — — Ordered that all foreign knights and mercenaries leave England once peace was restored.
52 — — — Established a process for giving restitution to those who had been unlawfully dispossessed of their property or rights.
53 — — — Established a process for giving restitution to those who had been mistreated by forest law.
54 39 41 34 Prevented men from being arrested or imprisoned on the testimony of a woman, unless the case involved the death of her husband. 1863 1872
55 — — — Established a process for remitting any unjust fines imposed by the King. [n 5]
56 40 — — Established a process for dealing with Welshmen who had been unlawfully dispossessed of their property or rights.
57 — — — Established a process for returning the possessions of Welshmen who had been unlawfully dispossessed.
58 — — — Ordered the return of Welsh hostages, including Prince Llywelyn's son.
59 — — — Established a process for the return of Scottish hostages, including King Alexander's sisters.
— — 42 35 At what Time shall be kept a County-Court, Sheriff's Tourn and a Leet. 1887 1952 2005
— — 43 36 Fraudulent gifts in mortmain 1863 1872
— — 44 37.1[n 10] Same scutage as Henry II's granted to king
— — 46 37.2[n 10] Reservation for existing customs and liberties in force 2005
60 41 45 37.3[n 10] Encouraged mesne lords to deal with their own subjects as the King dealt with his.
— — — 37.4[n 10] Fifteenth subsidy in return for this charter and Charter of the Forest; acts in violation are void.
61[n 11] — — — Provided for the application and observation of the charter by twenty-five of the barons. [n 5]
62[n 12] — — — Pardoned those who had rebelled against the King.
63[n 13] — — — Stated that the charter was binding on King John and his heirs.
— 42 — — Deferral of certain articles ["concerning scutages and the assessing of aids, concerning debts to the Jews and others, concerning of the liberty of going out and returning to our kingdom, concerning of forests and foresters, warrens and warreners, concerning the customs of counties, and concerning rivers and their keepers"]
— — 47 — Destruction of unauthorised castles built during the Barons War.

1863 comments on 25 Ed. I [9 Hen. 3. in Ruffhead's Edition]:[32]

c Comments
2, 3, 4 Virtually repealed by 12 Car. 2. c. 24° ss. 1-7.
5 Virtually repealed by 12 Car. 2. c. 24° ss. 1-7., except as to Custody of Spiritual Dignities ; and as to that, obsolete in part (Abbeys and Priories), see-
  • 27 Hen. 8. c. 28.
  • 31 Hen. 8. c. 13.
  • 32 Hen. 8. c. 24.
  • 37 Hen. 8. c. 4.
  • 1 Ed. 6. c. 14.
  • 10 Geo. 4. c. 7. ss. 28–37.
  • 2 & 3 Will. 4. c. 115, s. 4.

Residue superseded by 14 Ed. 3. stat. 4. c. 4., or obsolete or unnecessary.

6 Virtually repealed by 12 Car. 2. c. 24° ss. 1-7.
13 Virtually repealed by 3 & 4 Will. 4. c. 27. s. 36.
19 Virtually repealed by 36 Ed. 3. c. 2., 12 Car. 2. c. 24. ss. 11-13 (ss. 12–14 in Ruffhead's Edition).
20 Virtually repealed by 12 Car. 2. c. 24° ss. 1-7.
21 Virtually repealed by 36 Ed. 3. c. 2., 12 Car. 2. c. 24. ss. 11-13 (ss. 12–14 in Ruffhead's Edition).
24 Obsolete. See 12 Car. 2. c. 24. ss. 1-7. and 3 & 4 Will. 4. C. 27. s. 36.
27 Obsolete or unnecessary. See 12 Car. 2. c. 24. ss. 1-7.
28 Virtually repealed by 3 & 4 Will. 4. c. 42. s. 13.
31 Obsolete or unnecessary. See 12 Car. 2. c. 24. ss. 1-7.
33 Obsolete See
  • 27 Hen. 8. c. 28.
  • 31 Hen. 8. c. 13.
  • 32 Hen. 8. c. 24.
  • 37 Hen. 8. c. 4.
  • 1 Ed. 6. c. 14.
  • 10 Geo. 4. c. 7. ss. 28–37.
  • 2 & 3 Will. 4. c. 115. s. 4.
34 Virtually repealed by 59 Geo.3.c.46. s.1.
35 Obsolete or unnecessary ; see 7 Ed. 1. Statut. de Viris Religiosis (in Ruffhead's Edition called a Statute of Mortmain), and entries opposite chapter 33. The reference in 7 Ed. 1. before mentioned to a previous statute seems to be to that part of 43 Hen. 3. which is set out in the entry opposite 43 Hen. 3. in this Schedule, and not to this chapter (c. 36.) of Magna Carta, as stated 2 Inst. 74. "Extends only to a Religious House which purchases, 2 Inst. 75.” Com. Dig. Capacity (B. 2).
37[pt] Obsolete. See 12 Car. 2. c. 24. ss. 1-7. [Except from “Reserving” to the end.]

Acts referred to:

7 Ed. 1. Statut' de Viris Religiosis
14 Ed. 3. stat. 4. c. 4. [Purveyance, presentation to church and bishop's temporalities]
36 Ed. 3. c. 2. [Purveyance]
27 Hen. 8. c. 28. Suppression of Religious Houses Act 1535
31 Hen. 8. c. 13. Suppression of Religious Houses Act 1539
32 Hen. 8. c. 24. Maintenance and Embracery Act 1540
37 Hen. 8. c. 4. Dissolution of Colleges Act 1545
1 Ed. 6. c. 14. Dissolution of Colleges Act 1547
12 Car. 2. c. 24. Tenures Abolition Act 1660
59 Geo. 3. c. 46. s.1. [An Act for Relief of Persons entitled to Entailed Estates, to be purchased with Trust Monies, in that part of the United Kingdom called Ireland.]
10 Geo. 4. c. 7. ss. 28–37. Roman Catholic Relief Act 1829
2 & 3 Will. 4. c. 115. s. 4. Roman Catholic Charities Act 1832
3 & 4 Will. 4. c. 27. s. 36. Real Property Limitation Act 1833
3 & 4 Will. 4. c. 42. s. 13. Civil Procedure Act 1833

Footnotes

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  1. ^ The date links to the act which repealed the clause.
  2. ^ Numbers from Irish Statute Book[22]
  3. ^ Numbers from Irish Statute Book[23]
  4. ^ a b Excluded from the Northern Ireland Revised edition of the statutes as being unrelated to Northern Ireland.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l In UK law the clause is regarded as never having had statutory effect.[25] In the Republic of Ireland, the Statute Law Revision Act 2007 took a broader definition of "statute"[26] and repealed the clause as such.[27]
  6. ^ a b Har says 1215 c.19 was repealed in 1217, but it seems to correspond to the second part of 1225 c.12 ??
  7. ^ The Northern Ireland (Crown Proceedings) Order 1949 [S.I. 1949/1836] extended the Crown Proceedings Act 1947 to Northern Ireland.[28]
  8. ^ In UK law the clause is regarded as never having had statutory effect.[25]
  9. ^ The Statute Law Revision Act 2007 specifically retained chapter/clause 45 of the 1215 Magna Carta (as the "Sheriffs Act 1215"). Although the 2007 act states that statutes listed for repeal may never had the force of law in Ireland, it makes no such claim for statutes listed for retention.[29]
  10. ^ a b c d The 1863 and 1872 acts repealed the first part of c.37 while retaining the later parts. Steven Rares calls the retained part "the concluding saving clause" as distinct from the numbered "chapters".[30] Legislation.gov.uk lists this part as "General saving" after a note saying c.37 was repealed by the 1863 and 1872 acts.[31] Other secondary sources include the unrepealed part as c.37.[3] The 2005 act repeals it as "c.37 "Confirmation of customs and liberties (1297)".
  11. ^ Alternatively classified as "Suffix A" of Clause 60
  12. ^ Alternatively classified as the first part of "Suffix B" of Clause 60
  13. ^ Alternatively classified as the second part of "Suffix B" of Clause 60

References

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Sources

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Citations

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  1. ^ "About the British Constitution Group | British Constitution Group". British Constitution Group. Retrieved 27 October 2018.
  2. ^ "Magna Carta". British Constitution Group. Retrieved 27 October 2018.
  3. ^ a b Turner, Ralph (2016). Magna Carta. Routledge. ISBN 9781317873945. Retrieved 28 October 2018.; or Blick, Andrew (2015). Beyond Magna Carta: A Constitution for the United Kingdom. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 57. ISBN 9781849469630. Retrieved 28 October 2018., citing Pallister, Anne (1971). Magna Carta : the heritage of liberty. Clarendon Press. pp. 89–101. ISBN 9780198271819.
  4. ^ Marshall, Joan Snape (1977). The reception of English law as a modern legal problem (LLM). University of British Columbia. Retrieved 1 November 2018.
  5. ^ Rares 2015 §13
  6. ^ "Statute Law Revision Act 2007". electronic Irish Statute Book. Retrieved 26 October 2018.
  7. ^ "Report on Consolidation and Reform of the Courts Acts" (PDF). LRC. 97. Dublin: Law Reform Commission: 271. 15 November 2010. ISSN 1393-3132. Retrieved 27 October 2018.
  8. ^ "Short Titles Act 1962; Second Schedule". electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB). pp. Title, Part IV, 1297, and Part VI, 1297. Retrieved 27 October 2018. {{cite web}}: Invalid |nopp=Y (help); Unknown parameter |nopp= ignored (|no-pp= suggested) (help)
  9. ^ "Magna Carta 1297 No 29". New Zealand Legislation. 3 September 2007. Retrieved 31 October 2018.
  10. ^ MacQueen, Hector (1 Jan 2018). "Magna Carta, Scotland and Scots Law". Law Quarterly Review. 134 (1): 93–115.
  11. ^ Tan, Eugene K B; Lee, Jack Tsen-Ta (19 November 2015). "Magna Carta Then and Now: A Symbol of Freedom and Equal Rights for All". Today: 16–17. Retrieved 31 October 2018.
  12. ^ McKean, Frederick G. (1929). "British Statutes in American Jurisdictions" (PDF). University of Pennsylvania Law Review and American Law Register. 78 (2): 195–230. doi:10.2307/3307850. JSTOR 3307850. Retrieved 1 November 2018.
  13. ^ Cali, Jeanine (14 April 2015). "Scholar Nicholas Vincent Delivers Final Magna Carta Lecture". In Custodia Legis: Law Librarians of Congress. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2 November 2018.
  14. ^ Schley, William (1826). A digest of the English statutes of force in the state of Georgia. Philadelphia: J. Maxwell. Retrieved 1 November 2018.
  15. ^ Schley 1826 p.xxviii
  16. ^ Swigert, Jacob; Littell, William (1822). A digest of the statute law of Kentucky: being a collection of all the acts of the General Assembly, of a public and permanent nature, from the commencement of the government to May session, 1822, also, the English and Virginia statutes, yet in force; together with several acts of Congress. Kendall and Russell. Retrieved 1 November 2018.
  17. ^ Roberts, Samuel; Wright, Robert E. (1847). Digest of Select British Statutes, Comprising Those Which, According to the Report of the Judges of the Supreme Court Made to the Legislature, Appear to be in Force in Pennsylvania: With Some Others. With Notes and Illustrations (2nd ed.). J. Kay, jun. & brother. pp. xxvii, 1–8, 54–59, 179–182. Retrieved 1 November 2018.
  18. ^ Brevard, Joseph (1814). An Alphabetical Digest of the Public Statute Law of South-Carolina. Vol. 1. Charleston: John Hoff. p. 295. Retrieved 1 November 2018.
  19. ^ McKechnie, William Sharp (2018) [1914]. "Appendix VII: THE GREAT CHARTER OF HENRY III (third reissue, 11th February, 1225)". Magna Carta: A Commentary on the Great Charter of King John, with an Historical Introduction (2nd ed.). Liberty Fund. p. 497-508. Retrieved 27 October 2018.
  20. ^ Thomson, Richard (1829). An historical essay on the Magna charta of King John: to which are added, the Great charter in Latin and English; the charters of liberties and confirmations, granted by Henry III, and Edward I.; the original Charter of the forests; and various authentic instruments connected with them: explanatory notes on their several privileges; a descriptive account of the principal originals and editions extant, both in print and manuscript. London: J. Major and R. Jennings. Retrieved 27 October 2018.
  21. ^ Har, Katherine (April 2015). "The Repeal of the Clauses of Magna Carta". academia.edu. Retrieved 27 October 2018.
  22. ^ 1216 Irish Statute Book zzz
  23. ^ 1217 Irish Statute Book zzz
  24. ^ a b "Magna Carta (1297)". www.legislation.gov.uk. Retrieved 27 October 2018.
  25. ^ a b zzz neverstatuteref
  26. ^ Kitt, Tom (28 February 2007). "Statute Law Revision Bill 2007 [Seanad]: Second Stage". Dáil Éireann debate. Oireachtas. Retrieved 30 October 2018. Section 1 provides a broad definition of the word "statute". This means that the Bill will not only deal with Acts of Parliament as we would recognise them today, but will also include royal ordinances and similar documents that are recognised as having equivalent force and effect to an Act of Parliament.
  27. ^ irishstatutebook_esa1215 zzz
  28. ^ a b c d Halsbury, Hardinge Stanley Giffard (2010). Halsbury's statutes of England and Wales. Vol. Volume 10, issue 1. Butterworths. pp. 82–83. ISBN 9781405754460. {{cite book}}: |volume= has extra text (help)
  29. ^ Statute Law Revision Act 2007 s.3(3) and Schedule 1 Part 1; "Statute Law Revision Bill 2007 [Seanad]: Committee Stage". Dáil debates. Oireachtas. 13 March 2007. amendment No. 2.
  30. ^ Rares 2015 §§17,18
  31. ^ "Magna Carta (1297)". www.legislation.gov.uk. F23. Retrieved 27 October 2018. Cc. 36, 37 repealed by Statute Law Revision Act 1863 (c. 125) and Statute Law (Ireland) Revision Act 1872 (c. 98)
  32. ^ Lord Chancellor (12 June 1863). Statute Law Revision Bill. Sessional papers. Vol. HL 1863 vi (133) 1. pp. 19–20.
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