User:Jnestorius/Chief Governor of Ireland

Title

Oxford Companion to Irish History has articles on all four of:

(chief) justiciar
(king's) lieutenant
(lord) deputy
lord lieutenant

pre-Tudor chief governor title was variously, king's lieutenant, justiciar, custos, deputy king's lieutenant and deputy justiciar;
and after then was variously lord lieutenant, lord deputy, and lord justice.

Mark Duncan:^[2]

The extent of the evolution of the role can be seen by the various names by which its holders were known. The chief governor of Ireland was known at various times as Justiciar, King’s Lieutenant, Lord Deputy and, finally, as Lord Lieutenant. The term, Lord Lieutenant, was the term applied to all chief governors after the 1690s.

List of offices

Justiciar of Ireland (11/12xx-??) — predecessor of both Chief Governor and Lord Chief Justice [wiki redirects to latter]
- Chief Governor - see also Dublin Castle administration and Privy Council of Ireland
  - King's Lieutenant (14xx-15/16xx)
    - Lord Deputy of Ireland (1382-1688) deputised and de facto head
    - Secretary of State (Ireland) (by 1576–1800)
    - Chief Secretary for Ireland (1566–1922)
  - Lord Lieutenant of Ireland (??–1922)
    - Lords Justices of Ireland (1172–1376)
- Four Courts to 1877
  - Lord Chancellor of Ireland (1232-1922) - head of Irish Chancery, later Court of Chancery (Ireland); later (1721?) also speaker of the Irish House of Lords
    - Commissioners of the Great Seal of Ireland (1605–1875) deputised
  - Lord Chief Justice of Ireland (1324–1924) - head of Court of King's Bench (Ireland) and post-1877 how related to Lord Chancellor
  - Court of Exchequer (Ireland) - Chief Baron of the Irish Exchequer (1309–1877)
  - Court of Common Pleas (Ireland) - Chief Justice of the Irish Common Pleas (1274–1877)
- Supreme Court of Judicature (Ireland) replaced Four Courts in 1877; Lord Chief Justice was head, but Lord Chancellor continued to outrank — what did the Lord Chancellor actually do?

Notes

Otway-Ruthven 1965, p.227:

after some initial vacillation the chief governor of Ireland normally had the title of chief justiciar or justiciar of Ireland till the later fourteenth century ... In the later fourteenth century we begin to find the appointment of the king's lieutenants, and in the later fifteenth century this becomes the normal title. Many of these lieutenants were absentees, who governed through deputies. We also find from time to time in the later thirteenth and fourteenth centuries keepers, whose appointment seems to have been of an emergency nature.

Wood 1921–4 has more on difference between titles (but is earlier so may be corrected by Otway-Ruthven); including (common) Governor, Custos, Deputy, and ("various" others) Procuratores, Procurator-General, Custos Regni, Custodes Dublinii, Gubernator.

Thomas Carlyle had an 1848 essay in The Spectator called "Ireland and the British Chief Governor".^[3]

Much more in Edwards & O'Dowd.^[4]

Statutes

Lots of statutes have wording like "the Lord Lieutenant or other Chief Governor or Governors of Ireland"; last I can find in Statute Law Revision Acts is The County of Dublin Jurors’ and Voters’ Revision Act, 1884.^[5] An 1858 act has '"Lord Lieutenant" shall mean the Chief Governor or Governors of Ireland for the Time being'.^[6] Statute Law Revision Acts from 1890 onwards removed the words "or other chief governor or governors" from lots of statutes where it followed "Lord Lieutenant".^[7]^[5] Some statutes have "Lord Lieutenant, Lord Deputy, or other Chief Governor or Governors of Ireland".^[8] 10 Geo I c.6 has "the lord lieutenant, lord deputy, lords justices, or other chief governor or governors of this kingdom for the time being".^[9]

7 Will 3 c. 5 has "lord deputy or other chief governor"; 14 & 15 Chas II c.?? has "chief governor or governors" (no Lord anything) and 14 & 15 Chas II c.9 has "LL LD or other CG and Gs" on first mention (s.4) and later "CG or Gs" (s.4) and "LD or other CG or Gs" (s.13)

1592:^[10]

the said Philip (who is to be enlarged) shall make his personal appearance before the lord deputy, or other chief governor or governors, of Ireland, for the time being, and the council, within twenty-one days after monition and warning left at his dwelling house at Belanacarrig; and in the mean space shall behave himself as a loyal and dutiful subject towards her Majesty and the estate; and upon his appearance shall not depart without special licence.

References

Sources

The Chief Governors of Mediaeval Ireland A. J. Otway-Ruthven The Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland Vol. 95, No. 1/2, Papers in Honour of Liam Price (1965), pp. 227-236 http://www.jstor.org/stable/25509592
The Office of Chief Governor of Ireland, 1172-1509 Herbert Wood Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy. Section C: Archaeology, Celtic Studies, History, Linguistics, Literature Vol. 36 (1921 - 1924), pp. 206-238 Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/25504230
Wood, Herbert (1935). "The Titles of the Chief Governors of Ireland". Historical Research. 13 (37): 1–8. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2281.1935.tb00065.x. ISSN 0950-3471. (dunno if just a summary of Wood 1922)
Connolly, S.J., ed. (2011-02-24). The Oxford Companion to Irish History (2nd ed.). OUP Oxford. ISBN 9780199691869.
Gray, Peter; Purdue, Olwen (2012). The Irish Lord Lieutenancy: C. 1541-1922. University College Dublin Press. ISBN 9781906359607.

Citations

^ Ball, F. Elrington (2005) [1926]. The Judges in Ireland, 1221–1921. Clark, New Jersey: Lawbook Exchange. pp. xiv–xv. ISBN 9781584774280. Retrieved 1 September 2016.
^ Duncan, Mark (11 February 2015). "Ireland's Lord Lieutenant: '...a fount of all that is slimy in our national life'" (PDF). Century Ireland (47). Dublin: Raidió Teilifís Éireann.
^ McLean, Stuart John (2004). The Event and Its Terrors: Ireland, Famine, Modernity. Stanford University Press. p. 36. ISBN 9780804744409. Retrieved 31 August 2016.
^ Edwards, R. W. Dudley; O'Dowd, Mary (2003-11-13). "Irish civil central administration". Sources for Modern Irish History 1534-1641. Cambridge University Press. pp. 3–7 (esp. 5–6). ISBN 9780521271417. Retrieved 31 August 2016.
^ ^a ^b "Statute Law Revision Act, 1898, Schedule 1". Irish Statute Book. Retrieved 31 August 2016.
^ "Four Courts (Dublin) Extension Act, 1858, Section 1". Irish Statute Book. Retrieved 31 August 2016.
^ "Statute Law Revision Act, 1890, Schedule 1". Irish Statute Book. Retrieved 31 August 2016.; "Statute Law Revision (No. 2) Act, 1890, Schedule 1". Irish Statute Book. Retrieved 31 August 2016.; "Statute Law Revision Act, 1892, Schedule 1". Irish Statute Book. Retrieved 31 August 2016.; "Statute Law Revision Act, 1893, Schedule 1". Irish Statute Book. Retrieved 31 August 2016.; "Statute Law Revision (No. 2) Act, 1893, Schedule 1". Irish Statute Book. Retrieved 31 August 2016.; "Statute Law Revision Act, 1894, Schedule 1". Irish Statute Book. Retrieved 31 August 2016.
^ Butler, James Goddard; Ball, William (1765). "(1743) 17 Geo II c.11 §§2,3,4,11". The Statutes at Large, Passed in the Parliaments Held in Ireland: From the seventh year of George the Second, A.D. 1733, to the twenth-first year of the said reign, A.D. 1747 inclusive. Boulter Grierson. pp. 677–680. Retrieved 31 August 2016.
^ 19 George II c.16 §3
^ "Cecil Papers: November 1592". British History Online. Retrieved 31 August 2016.

[Ball1926-1] Ball, F. Elrington (2005) [1926]. The Judges in Ireland, 1221–1921. Clark, New Jersey: Lawbook Exchange. pp. xiv–xv. ISBN 9781584774280. Retrieved 1 September 2016.

[2] Duncan, Mark (11 February 2015). "Ireland's Lord Lieutenant: '...a fount of all that is slimy in our national life'" (PDF). Century Ireland (47). Dublin: Raidió Teilifís Éireann.

[McLean2004-3] McLean, Stuart John (2004). The Event and Its Terrors: Ireland, Famine, Modernity. Stanford University Press. p. 36. ISBN 9780804744409. Retrieved 31 August 2016.

[EdwardsO'Dowd2003-4] Edwards, R. W. Dudley; O'Dowd, Mary (2003-11-13). "Irish civil central administration". Sources for Modern Irish History 1534-1641. Cambridge University Press. pp. 3–7 (esp. 5–6). ISBN 9780521271417. Retrieved 31 August 2016.

[slra1898-5] "Statute Law Revision Act, 1898, Schedule 1". Irish Statute Book. Retrieved 31 August 2016.

[6] "Four Courts (Dublin) Extension Act, 1858, Section 1". Irish Statute Book. Retrieved 31 August 2016.

[7] "Statute Law Revision Act, 1890, Schedule 1". Irish Statute Book. Retrieved 31 August 2016.; "Statute Law Revision (No. 2) Act, 1890, Schedule 1". Irish Statute Book. Retrieved 31 August 2016.; "Statute Law Revision Act, 1892, Schedule 1". Irish Statute Book. Retrieved 31 August 2016.; "Statute Law Revision Act, 1893, Schedule 1". Irish Statute Book. Retrieved 31 August 2016.; "Statute Law Revision (No. 2) Act, 1893, Schedule 1". Irish Statute Book. Retrieved 31 August 2016.; "Statute Law Revision Act, 1894, Schedule 1". Irish Statute Book. Retrieved 31 August 2016.

[8] Butler, James Goddard; Ball, William (1765). "(1743) 17 Geo II c.11 §§2,3,4,11". The Statutes at Large, Passed in the Parliaments Held in Ireland: From the seventh year of George the Second, A.D. 1733, to the twenth-first year of the said reign, A.D. 1747 inclusive. Boulter Grierson. pp. 677–680. Retrieved 31 August 2016.

[9] 19 George II c.16 §3

[10] "Cecil Papers: November 1592". British History Online. Retrieved 31 August 2016.

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