User:Jennipeng/sandbox

Feb.23. 2017

Content

1. Origin and early evolution
2. Morphology
3. Cellular structure
4. Behaviour
5. Interaction with other organisms
6. Reference

1. Sulfurimonas autotrophica

"auto" and ‘trophicos" are derived from Greek words, where "auto" represents meaning of self and ‘trophicos" means nursing, tending or feeding indicating its autotrophy. Sulfurimonas autotrophica are found to have Strain OK10T (= DSM 16294 = ATCC BAA-671 = JCM 11897) and when comparing with other autotrophic Epsilonproteobacteria from hydrothermal vents including Nautilia profundicola AmHT, Lebetimonas acidiphila Pd55T, Hydrogenimonas thermophila EP1-55-1%T, and Nitratiruptor tergarcus MI55-1T, it is found to have nearly 20% more of the fatty acid C16:1 cis.  Sulfurimonas autotrophica are found in environment with pH ranging 5.0–9.0.  Under optimum condition with pH of 6.5 and the generation time of S. autotrophica strain OK10T is approximately 1.4 h under optimal condition. 

3. Sulfurimonas gotlandica

Studies on Sulfurimonas gotlandica are usually sampling from Baltic Sea.  Sulfurimonas gotlandica from the Gotland Deep, the basin in the central Baltic Sea, are found to have size 0.66±0.083 x 62.1±0.54 mm.  Cell are in slightly curved rod- or spiral-shaped, where mobility was controlled by one polar flagellum or two flagella at opposite poles observed by both transmission electron microscopy and Fluorescence microscopy with phosphotungstic acid and DAPI stain respectively. Along with its absolute requirement of NaCl, It can grow between 4–20 Celsius and pH 6.7–8.0 where the optimal growth occurs at 15 Celsius. 

Disturbances frequent occur to interfere the relative stable and long lasting hypoxia found in the Baltic or Black Sea, as a result the organisms living around the toxic-anoxic transition zone must adapt to sustain with the sudden change in nutrients concentration. Sulfurimonas gotlandica are vary adaptable to the fluctuate oxygen and hydrogen sulphide concentration in the environment because it can use nitrate or nitrite as electron acceptor and either a variety of sulfur species of different oxidation states or hydrogen as electron donor due to its exceptionally metabolic versatility displayed by strain. GD1.  Studies has shown that comparing to reduced sulfur and hydrogen, growth for Sulfurimonas gotlandica are much slower with organic substance such as cetate, pyruvate, peptone and yeast extract, which supplied by bicarbonate. 

Sulfurimonas gotlandica are found to have genome involving sensing of surrounding environment and chemotaxis, which allows str. GD1 to locate zones within redox gradients favorable for growth. Specifically, its ability to use nitrate or nitrite as electron acceptor instead of oxygen extends its ecological niche beyond the toxic-anoxic transition to much deeper area in water column.   In anoxic condition, the optimal growth for S. gotlandica str. GD1 are found within a temperature range of 10–20 °C, with doubling times of about 13 hours with a medium containing nitrate and thiosulfate as the redox couple. Oxygen tolerance and environmental-sensing systems combined with chemotactic responses are the key reason for this organism to thrive successfully in marine oxygen-depletion zones.

Feb. 15.2017

Jennifer

ways to improve an article

context level

1. methods of detecting or measuring the bacteria could be added
2. history of recognizing this bacteria
3. size and corresponding name of the bacteria(pico/nano-) could be added
4. any thing drive the speciec abundance? the most abundant period/ locations could be added
5. physical movements/ chemical reactions to capture their food resources could be added
6. nutrients level per cell could be added
7. impacts or significance on marine or microbial system could be enhanced.

reference

1. use multiple papers to back up
2. cite any key words where non-biology students may need to check it out

• Is each fact referenced with an appropriate, reliable reference?

Yes. Most of the sources from Proteobacteria are scientific literature with various published date ranging from microbiology, bacteriology, taxonomic background and design.

• Is everything in the article relevant to the article topic? Is there anything that distracted you?

Yes, everything in the articles are relevant. Nothing was distracting me away a lot.

• Is the article neutral? Are there any claims, or frames, that appear heavily biased toward a particular position?

Yes, the article is neutral. Each sub-topic are in equal length.

• Where does the information come from? Are these neutral sources? If biased, is that bias noted?

Information are mostly from books, which are neutral sources.

• Are there viewpoints that are overrepresented, or underrepresented?

I think the viewpoints are underrepresented. History of recognizing this bacteria could be enhanced.

• Check a few citations. Do the links work? Is there any close paraphrasing or plagiarism in the article?

Yes, the link works. Context are well cited and constructed with no closing paraphrasing or plagiarism.

• Is any information out of date? Is anything missing that could be added?

Yes, information such as 1) ways of getting energy or moving, 2) history of recognizing this bacteria 3) impacts or significance on marine or microbial system could be enhanced.

==Notes==