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Jatav
Leather-bottle makers (Presumably members of the ‘Jatavs’ caste), Tashrih al-aqvam (1825)
Regions with significant populations
India • Pakistan
Languages
Punjabi • Urdu • Hindi
Related ethnic groups
Ravidassia

Jatavs are now classified as a Scheduled Caste under modern India's system of positive discrimination.They were traditionally considered outside the Hindu ritual ranking system of castes known as varna. They are found mainly in the northern states of India and in Pakistan[1][2] and Nepal.

Ramnarayan Rawat posits that the association of the Jatav community with a traditional occupation of tanning was constructed, and that the Jatavs were instead historically agriculturists.[3]

The term Jatavs in other words has also been derived from the Sikh Guru Ravidassia.[4]

Demographics

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According to the 2001 census of India, the Jatavs comprise around 14 per cent of the population in the state of Uttar Pradesh[5] and 12 percent of that in Punjab.[6]

Jatav population in India by State, 2001
State Population State Population % Notes
Bengal[7] 999,756 1.25%
Bihar[8] 4,090,070 5%
Delhi[9] 893,384 6.45%
Chandigarh[10] 48,159 5.3%
Chhattisgarh[11] 1,659,303 8%
Gujarat[12] 1,041,886 2%

In Gujarat they are known as Rohit (caste) and Bhambi Khalpa

Haryana[13] 2,079,132 9.84%

Most Jatavs in the districts of Hisar, Jind, Panipat, Karnal, Sonepat, Rohtak, Kaithal, Gurgaon, Faridabad,are Jatav Chamars who largely follow Ravidassia sect.[citation needed]

Himachal Pradesh[14] 414,669 6.8% The Jatavs are the second largest SC caste in the state after the Kori. Jatavs are mainly found in the following districts: Kangra, Mandi and Una.
Jammu & Kashmir[15] 488,257 4.82%
Jharkhand[16] 837,333 3.1%
Madhya Pradesh[17] 5,603,723 9.3% Jatavs are primarily concentrated in Sagar, Morena, Rewa, Bhind and Chattarpur districts. Jatav work in land measurement are described as jatav.[18] have major concentration in Ujjain, West Nimar and Dewas districts.[17]
Maharashtra[19] 1,234,874 1.28%
Punjab[20] 2,800,000 11.9% The most politically and socially influential[citation needed] Chamars are from the state of Punjab, where they form nearly 12% of the population (2.8 million), with Dalits comprising 27% of the population. In the Punjab they are divided into various groups, such as Ad-Dharm, Ravidasi, Ramdasia, and Chamar.

In Malwa most Chamars turned to Sikhism, whereas in Doaba most of them did not opt for Sikhism. In Majha they are called Ramdasia and Ravidasia, in Doaba they are called Adi Dharmi. They are highly concentrated in the Doaba, and the Malwa region of Punjab, where they form over 25% of the population.[citation needed]

Rajasthan[21] 6,100,236 10.8% Jatavs in Rajasthan can only be identified in the districts adjoining to the states of Punjab, Haryana and Uttar Pradesh. The districts of Bikaner, Shriganganagar, Hanumangarh, Churu, Jhunjhunu, Alwar, Bharatpur and Dhaulpur are inhabited by Jatavs. In the districts of Bharatpur, Dhaulpur and parts of Alwar (adjoining to Bharatpur) they are known as Meghwal[22][page needed] Raigar (leather tanners) and Mochi (shoe makers) are other two castes related to the leather profession.[citation needed].[23]
Uttar Pradesh[24] 19,803,106 14% Most Jatavs reside in Western Uttar Pradesh are known as Jatav. In this state, the political party of Jatavs Bahujan Samaj Party has its political base and this has led to Bahujan Samaj Party to win the state elections and chief minister post by Mayawati four times since 1990.[citation needed]
Uttaranchal[25] 444,535 5%

Occupations

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Jatavs who have adopted the weaving profession and abandoned tanning and leathercraft, identify themselves as Julaha Jatavs; R. K. Pruthi suggests this is in the hope that they might in future be considered as Julaha by other communities in the future.. They believe that leatherwork is "degrading" when compared to weaving.[26]

Military

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Sikh Light Infantry

The Sikh Chamar Ravidassia has a history of military service, including in the Sikh Light Infantry (composed of lower caste- Majhabi and Ravidassia Sikhs).[27]

Jatav Regiment

File:The Jatav Regiment.jpg
The Jatav Regiment badges

The 1st Jatavs Regiment was an infantry regiment formed by the British during World War II. Officially, it was created on 1 March 1943, as the 27th Battalion 2nd Punjab Regiment was converted.[28][full citation needed] The Jatavs Regiment which was involved in the Pacific War Japanese front and was awarded the Battle Honor of Kohima for theirs distinguished role in the Battle of Kohima.[29] The Regiment was disbanded in 1946.[30] Recently, several politicians have demanded that The Jatav Regiment be revived.[30]

Notable people

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See also

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References

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  1. ^ "Pakistan's caste system: the untouchable's struggle". Retrieved 30 March 2013.
  2. ^ "Socio-Economic Position of Leatherworkers in Gulbarga City" (PDF). Retrieved 30 March 2013.
  3. ^ Yadav, Bhupendra (21 February 2012). "Aspirations of Chamars in North India". The Hindu. Chennai, India. Retrieved 14 January 2013.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  4. ^ Singh, Sanjay L. (20 August 2008). "Calling an SC 'Jatav' offensive, punishable, says apex court". The Economic Times. Retrieved 12 August 2015.
  5. ^ "Uttar Pradesh data highlights: the Scheduled Castes, Census of India 2001" (PDF).
  6. ^ "Uttar Pradesh data highlights: the Scheduled Castes" (PDF).
  7. ^ "West Bengal — DATA HIGHLIGHTS: THE SCHEDULED CASTES — Census of India 2001" (PDF). Retrieved 14 January 2013.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  8. ^ http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Tables_Published/SCST/dh_sc_bihar.pdf
  9. ^ http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Tables_Published/SCST/dh_sc_delhi.pdf
  10. ^ http://censusindia.gov.in/Tables_Published/SCST/dh_sc_chandigarh.pdf
  11. ^ http://censusindia.gov.in/Tables_Published/SCST/dh_sc_chhattisgarh.pdf
  12. ^ http://censusindia.gov.in/Tables_Published/SCST/dh_sc_gujarat.pdf
  13. ^ http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Tables_Published/SCST/dh_sc_haryana.pdf
  14. ^ http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Tables_Published/SCST/dh_sc_himachal.pdf
  15. ^ http://censusindia.gov.in/Tables_Published/SCST/dh_sc_jk.pdf
  16. ^ http://censusindia.gov.in/Tables_Published/SCST/dh_sc_jharkhand.pdf
  17. ^ a b http://censusindia.gov.in/Tables_Published/SCST/dh_sc_madhya_pradesh.pdf
  18. ^ https://books.google.com/books?id=rTdnvQBPWIUC&pg=PA579&dq=balahi+chamar&hl=en&sa=X&ei=6BSSUq6BEMOTrgfIwICQDg&ved=0CEgQ6AEwBQ#v=onepage&q=balahi%20chamar&f=false%7Ctitle=Balahi: Jatavs employed to measure land.
  19. ^ http://censusindia.gov.in/Tables_Published/SCST/dh_sc_maha.pdf
  20. ^ http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Tables_Published/SCST/dh_sc_punjab.pdf
  21. ^ http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Tables_Published/SCST/dh_sc_rajasthan.pdf
  22. ^ Rawat, Shyam (2010). Studies in Social Protest. VEDAMS. ISBN 978-8131603314.
  23. ^ Gupta, R. K.; Bakshi, S. R. (2008). Balai: Jatavs in Bikaner region are known as Balai. ISBN 9788176258418.
  24. ^ http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Tables_Published/SCST/dh_sc_up.pdf
  25. ^ http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Tables_Published/SCST/dh_sc_uttaranchal.pdf
  26. ^ Pruthi, R. K. Indian caste system. Discovery. p. 189. Retrieved 14 April 2012.
  27. ^ Wilkinson, Steven I. (2015). Army and Nation: The Military and Indian Democracy since Independence. Harvard University Press. p. 69. ISBN 978-0-67496-700-7.
  28. ^ "Orders of Battle - 27/2 Punjab Regiment [British Commonwealth]". ordersofbattle.com. Retrieved 31 March 2011.
  29. ^ "The Battle of Kohima" (PDF).
  30. ^ a b "RJD man Raghuvansh calls for reviving Chamar Regiment". indianexpress.com. Retrieved 31 March 2011.
  31. ^ "I will be the best PM and Mayawati is my chosen heir". Indian Express. 2 May 2003. ...I am a chamar from Punjab...
  32. ^ "I will be the best PM and Mayawati is my chosen heir". Indian Express. 2 May 2003. ...Jagjivan Ram, a chamar leader...
  33. ^ "A Chamar will be my successor: Mayawati". The Hindu. Chennai, India. 29 August 2006.
  34. ^ "Tytler's party list calls India's Speaker a Chamar". Retrieved 14 January 2013.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  35. ^ "Cong's doublespeak on caste". Retrieved 14 January 2013.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  36. ^ "Amarinder disregarded events organised by state unit, says Kaypee". Retrieved 14 January 2013.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  37. ^ "Congress's dalit card turning against established dalit leaders of Doaba region". The Times Of India. 21 October 2012. Retrieved 14 January 2013.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)

Further reading

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Category:Dalit communities Category:Hindu communities Category:Leatherworking castes Category:Punjabi tribes Category:Scheduled Castes of Haryana Category:Scheduled Castes Category:Social groups of Bihar Category:Social groups of Delhi Category:Social groups of Haryana Category:Social groups of India Category:Social groups of Punjab, India Category:Social groups of Rajasthan Category:Social groups of Uttar Pradesh

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