User:Jacobisq/Therapeutic abstinence
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'The Abstinence rule - the principle of analytic reticence and/or frustration in a clinical situation - is a central feature of psychoanalytic theory, one which relates especially to the handling of the transference in analysis.
The cure must be carried through in abstinence. I mean by that not physical self-denial alone, nor the denial of every desire....But I want to state the principle that one must permit neediness and yearning to remain as forces favoring work and change.
Later formulations
[edit]The validity of the abstinence principle has been rediscovered and re-affirmed in a variety of subsequent analytic traditions. D. W. Winnicott in the context of his notion of 'holding' the patient emphasised that understanding through verbal interpretation gave a deeper sense of holding than the physical act, use of which by the therapist could blur the symbolic nature of the analytic space.[2] R. D. Laing, in the context of the false self saw analytic abstinence operating in opposition to false self collusion: “It is in terms of basic frustration of the self's search for a collusive complement for false identity that Freud's dictum that analysis should be conducted under conditions of maximal frustration takes on its most cogent meaning”.[3] Eric Berne saw analytic frustration as a means of avoiding playing a part in the patient's life script.[4] Jacques Lacan re-formulated the principle via the concept of 'analytic bridge' - the analyst necessarily playing the part of the unresponding dummy to bring the patient's unconscious motivations out into the open.[5]
Debates
[edit]The rule of abstinence has come under increasing challenge by Interpersonal and Intersubjective psychoanalysis,[6] concerned about the inflexibility of the rule, and the way its relentless application may provoke unnecessary hostility, even an iatrogenic Transference neurosis.[7]
Defenders of the rule, against the practice of the warm supportive analyst, argue against the easy seductiveness of being overly 'helpful' in a self-defeating way already sketched out by Freud himself.[8] The concept of optimal responsiveness – balancing frustration and gratification from moment to moment – offers some mediation in the dispute.[9]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Quoted in P. Gay, Freud (1989) p. 302-3
- ^ P. Casement, Further Learning from the Patient (1990) p. 96-7
- ^ R. D. Laing, Self and Others (1969) p. 123
- ^ Eric Berne, What Do You Say After You Say Hello? (1974) p. 352
- ^ Jacques Lacan, Ecrits (1997) p. 229-30
- ^ A. Fayek, The Crisis in Psychoanalysis (2009) p. 37
- ^ R. Stolorow et al eds., The Intersubjective Perspective (1994) p. xi and p. 146
- ^ Janet Malcolm, Psychoanalysis: The Impossible Profession (1988) p. 124 and p. 77
- ^ S. Akhtar, Comprehensive Dictionary of Psychoanalysis (2009) A and O
Further Reading
[edit]- S. Freud, 'Observations on Transference Love' Standard Edition XII
- J. Lindon, 'Gratification and provision in psychoanalysis: Should we get rid of 'the rule of abstinence'?' Psychoanal. Dialogues (1994) 4:549-582
External links
[edit]Alain de Mijolla, 'Abstinence/Rule of Abstinence
Category:Clinical psychology Category:Psychoanalysis [[:Category:]]