User:JPCaldwell2002/sandbox

World War II
	; (clockwise from top left) Chinese forces in the Battle of Wanjialing; Australian 25-pounder guns during the First Battle of El Alamein; German Stuka dive bombers on the Eastern Front in December 1943; US naval force in the Lingayen Gulf; Wilhelm Keitel signing the German Instrument of Surrender; Soviet troops in the Battle of Stalingrad;
Date	1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945; (6 years and 1 day);
Location	Europe, Pacific, Atlantic, South-East Asia, China, Middle East, Mediterranean, North Africa, Horn of Africa, Australia, briefly North and South America
Result	Allied victory; Collapse of Nazi Germany; Fall of the Japanese and Italian Empires; Allied occupations of Germany and Japan and foundation of the Italian Republic; Beginning of the Nuclear Age; Dissolution of the League of Nations and creation of the United Nations; Emergence of the United States and the Soviet Union as rival superpowers and beginning of the Cold War (more ...);
Participants
Allies	Axis
Commanders and leaders
Main Allied leaders Joseph Stalin; Franklin D. Roosevelt; Winston Churchill; Chiang Kai-shek;	Main Axis leaders Adolf Hitler; Hirohito; Benito Mussolini;
Casualties and losses
Military dead:; Over 16,000,000; Civilian dead:; Over 45,000,000; Total dead:; Over 61,000,000; (1937–1945); ...further details;	Military dead:; Over 8,000,000; Civilian dead:; Over 4,000,000; Total dead:; Over 12,000,000; (1937–1945); ...further details;

Italian Republic
*Repubblica Italiana* (Italian)
Italian Republic Repubblica Italiana (Italian)
	Flag Coat of Arms
	Anthem: Il Canto degli Italiani (Italian); "The Song of the Italians"
	Location of JPCaldwell2002/sandbox (dark green) – in Europe (light green & dark grey); – in the European Union (light green) – [Legend]
Capital and largest city	Rome; 41°54′N 12°29′E / 41.900°N 12.483°E
Official languages	Italiana
Native languages	see full list
Ethnic groups (2017)	91.5% Italians; 8.5% others;
Religion (2017)	74.4% Roman Catholicism; 22.6% Irreligious; 3.0% others;
Demonym(s)	Italian
Government	Unitary parliamentary republic
• President	Sergio Mattarella
• Prime Minister	Giuseppe Conte
• President of the Senate	Elisabetta Casellati
• President of the; Chamber of Deputies	Roberto Fico
Legislature	Parliament
• Upper house	Senate of the Republic
• Lower house	Chamber of Deputies
Formation
• Unification	17 March 1861
• Republic	2 June 1946
• Current constitution	1 January 1948
• Founded the EEC (now EU)	1 January 1958
Area
• Total	301,340 km2 (116,350 sq mi) (71st)
• Water (%)	2.4
Population
• 2018 estimate	60,359,546 (23rd)
• 2011 census	59,433,744
• Density	201.3/km2 (521.4/sq mi) (63rd)
GDP (PPP)	2019 estimate
• Total	$2.443 trillion (12th)
• Per capita	$40,470 (33rd)
GDP (nominal)	2019 estimate
• Total	$1.989 trillion (8th)
• Per capita	$32,947 (25th)
Gini (2018)	33.4; medium inequality
HDI (2017)	0.880; very high (28th)
Currency	Euro (€)b (EUR)
Time zone	UTC+1 (CET)
• Summer (DST)	UTC+2 (CEST)
Date format	dd/mm/yyyy; yyyy-mm-dd (AD)
Drives on	right
Calling code	+39c
ISO 3166 code	IT
Internet TLD	.itd

Lourenco Saliba
Born	14 February 1999 (age 25); Porto, Portugal
Formula One World Championship career
Nationality	Portuguese
Car number	31
Entries	0
Championships	0
Wins	0
Podiums	0
Career points	0
Pole positions	0
Fastest laps	0
First entry	2019 Australian Grand Prix
Last entry	2019 Australian Grand Prix

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43°N 12°E / 43°N 12°E / 43; 12

^ "Foreign citizens 2017". ISTAT. Archived from the original on 6 August 2017. Retrieved 15 June 2018.
^ Cite error: The named reference Ipsos2017 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ "National demographic estimate, December 2018". ISTAT. Archived from the original on 3 July 2019. Retrieved 17 September 2019.
^ "La popolazione legale del 15° Censimento della popolazione". www.istat.it (in Italian). 19 December 2012. Retrieved 18 September 2019.
^ "World Economic Outlook Database, October 2019". IMF.org. International Monetary Fund. Retrieved 30 October 2019.
^ ^a ^b ^c Cite error: The named reference imf2 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ "Gini coefficient of equivalised disposable income – EU-SILC survey". ec.europa.eu. Eurostat. Retrieved 12 September 2019.
^ "2018 Human Development Report". United Nations Development Programme. 2018. Retrieved 14 September 2018.
^ Year-month-day also sometimes used, though rarely, mainly used for computing contexts. See Date and time notation in Italy.

Cite error: There are <ref group=lower-alpha> tags or {{efn}} templates on this page, but the references will not show without a {{reflist|group=lower-alpha}} template or {{notelist}} template (see the help page).

[1] "Foreign citizens 2017". ISTAT. Archived from the original on 6 August 2017. Retrieved 15 June 2018.

[Ipsos2017-2] Cite error: The named reference Ipsos2017 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[3] "National demographic estimate, December 2018". ISTAT. Archived from the original on 3 July 2019. Retrieved 17 September 2019.

[4] "La popolazione legale del 15° Censimento della popolazione". www.istat.it (in Italian). 19 December 2012. Retrieved 18 September 2019.

[IMFWEOIT-5] "World Economic Outlook Database, October 2019". IMF.org. International Monetary Fund. Retrieved 30 October 2019.

[imf2-6] Cite error: The named reference imf2 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[7] "Gini coefficient of equivalised disposable income – EU-SILC survey". ec.europa.eu. Eurostat. Retrieved 12 September 2019.

[HDI-8] "2018 Human Development Report". United Nations Development Programme. 2018. Retrieved 14 September 2018.

[9] Year-month-day also sometimes used, though rarely, mainly used for computing contexts. See Date and time notation in Italy.

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