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The Venezuelan's Independence was the juridical-political process with the purpose of breaking the ties that existed between the Captaincy General of Venezuela (Spanish: Capitanía General de Venezuela)[1] and the Spanish Empire.[2][3] It also meant that the replacement of the absolute monarchy[4][5] by the republic[6][7] as the form of government in Venezuela.[8]

The Venezuelan's Independence produced the armed conflict known as the Venezuelan War of Independence[9] between the pro-independence (Spanish: patriota)[10] and royalist (Spanish: realista)[11][12] armies.

On 5 July 1811, seven of the ten provinces of the Captaincy General of Venezuela declared their independence, the anniversary of this declaration is celebrated as Independence Day.[13] On that date, formally through the document "Venezuelan Declaration of Independence",[14][15]through which Venezuelans made the decision to separate from the Spanish Crown. The patriotic society[16] integrated by Simón Bolívar[17][18] and Francisco de Miranda[19] and others, was the pioneer in the impulse of the separation of Venezuela from the Spanish crown.[20]

The historical period between 1810 and 1830 has been divided by Venezuelan historiography into four parts: First Republic (1810-1812)[21], Second Republic (1813-1814)[22], Third Republic (1817-1819)[23] and Gran Colombia (1819-1830)[24][25][26].

Origin

[edit]
Fernando VII, before a camp, by Francisco de Goya.

[[Category:Independence of Venezuela]] [[Category:Venezuelan War of Independence]]

  1. ^ Morón, Guillermo (1995). ""La Real Audiencia de Caracas," Historia de Venezuela" (PDF). Enciclopedia Británica de Venezuela. 4. Caracas. pp. 49–65. Libro primero, cápitulo cuarto. Retrieved July 24, 2008.
  2. ^ Gibson 1966, p. 91; Lockhart & Schwartz 1983, p. 19.
  3. ^ Tracy, James D. (1993). The Rise of Merchant Empires: Long-Distance Trade in the Early Modern World, 1350–1750. Cambridge University Press. p. 35. ISBN 978-0-521-45735-4.
  4. ^ Goldie, Mark; Wokler, Robert (2006-08-31). "Philosophical kingship and enlightened despotism". The Cambridge History of Eighteenth-Century Political Thought. Cambridge University Press. p. 523. ISBN 9780521374224. Retrieved 13 January 2016.
  5. ^ Nathanial Harris (2009). Systems of Government Monarchy. Evans Brothers. p. 10. ISBN 978-0-237-53932-
  6. ^ "Republic | Definition of Republic by Oxford Dictionary on Lexico.com also meaning of Republic". Lexico Dictionaries | English. Retrieved 2021-01-14.
  7. ^ "Definition of Republic". Merriam-Webster Dictionary. Retrieved 2017-02-18. a government having a chief of state who is not a monarch ... a government in which supreme power resides in a body of citizens entitled to vote and is exercised by elected officers and representatives responsible to them and governing according to law
  8. ^ "Constitución de la República Bolivariana de Venezuela" (PDF). Ministry of Education. 15 December 1999. Archived from the original (PDF) on 1 October 2013. Retrieved 19 March 2013.
  9. ^ Minster, Christopher. "April 19, 1810: Venezuela's Declaration of Independence". About. Retrieved 30 June 2015.
  10. ^ Patriotism (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)". Plato.stanford.edu. Retrieved 2013-11-03.
  11. ^ Real Academia Española y Asociación de Academias de la Lengua Española (2014). «realista». Diccionario de la lengua española (23.ª edición). Madrid: Espasa. ISBN 978-84-670-4189-7. Consultado el 15 de marzo de 2019.
  12. ^ Christon I. Archer (ed.) (2000). The Wars of Independence in Spanish America. Willmington, SR Books. ISBN 0-8420-2469-7.The royalists were the Latin American and European supporters of the various governing bodies of the Spanish Monarchy, during the Spanish American wars of independence
  13. ^ Michael P. Costeloe (1986). Response to Revolution: Imperial Spain and the Spanish American Revolutions, 1810-1840. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-32083-2
  14. ^ In Spanish: Venezuelan Declaration of Independence, Biblioteca Virtual Miguel de Cervante
  15. ^ In Spanish: Federal Constitution of 1811 Biblioteca Virtual Miguel de Cervantes. A bicameral General Congress consisting of Senate and House of Representatives was the nation's legislature provided in the document. The Constitution uses Confederación de Venezuela and los Estados Unidos de Venezuela interchangeably, while referring to the establishment of "Estados de Venezuela" in its preamble.
  16. ^ In Spanish:«Sociedad Patriotica». Archivado desde el original el 25 de febrero de 2009. Consultado el 26 de agosto de 2018. «La Sociedad Patriotica como primer partido politico de Venezuela».
  17. ^ Bushnell, David (2003). El Libertador: Writings of Simón Bolívar. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780195144802.
  18. ^ Lynch, John (2006). Simón Bolívar: a Life. New Haven and London: Yale University Press. ISBN 0-300-11062-6.
  19. ^ Racine, Karen. Francisco de Miranda: A Transatlantic Life in the Age of Revolution Scholarly Resources Inc, Wilmington, DE, 2003
  20. ^ In Spanish:«19 de abril de 1810: Primer paso para la Independencia de Venezuela – El Aragüeño». elaragueno.com.ve. Archivado desde el original el 17 de julio de 2018. Consultado el 25 de julio de 2018.
  21. ^ McKingley, P. Michael. Pre-Revolutionary Caracas: Politics, Economy, and Society, 1777–1811. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1985. ISBN 0-521-30450-4. p 150-154.Retrieved 20 April 2021
  22. ^ Arana, M., 2013, Bolivar, New York: Simon & Schuster, ISBN 9781439110195
  23. ^ Ducoudray Holstein, Henri Louis Villaume. Memoirs Of Simon Bolivar, President Liberator Of The Republic Of Colombia; And Of His Principal Generals; Comprising A Secret History Of The Revolution, And The Events Which Preceded It, From 1807 To The Present Time (Vol. II). London: Colburn & Bentley, 1830.
  24. ^ Bushnell, David (1970). The Santander Regime in Gran Colombia. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. ISBN 0-8371-2981-8. OCLC 258393.
  25. ^ Gibson, William Marion (1948). The Constitutions of Colombia. Durham, NC: Duke University Press. OCLC 3118881.
  26. ^ Lynch, John (2006). Simón Bolívar: a Life. New Haven and London: Yale University Press. ISBN 0-300-11062-6.
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