User:Iwishmycatcouldtalk/Lilian Lewis
Lilian Lewis | |
|---|---|
 1925 Howard University yearbook portrait. | |
| Born | Lilian Leonora Burwell August 13, 1904 |
| Died | 1987, Winston-Salem, North Carolina[1] |
| Nationality | American |
| Alma mater | Howard University, University of Chicago |
| Spouse | John F. Lewis |
| Scientific career | |
| Fields | Zoology, endocrinology. |
| Thesis | A Study of Some Effects of Sex Hormones upon the Embryonic Reproductive System of the White Pekin Duck |
Lilian Burwell Lewis,[Note 1] (1904 - 1987)[2][3] was an American zoologist known for being the first African-American woman to receive a doctorate degree from the University of Chicago and for her research in gonadogenesis.[4]
Early life and education
[edit]Dr. Lewis was born Lilian Leonora Burwell in Meridian, Mississippi on August 13, 1904 as the ninth of thirteen children.[5][2] She earned a High school diploma from Tougaloo College in 1919 before attending Howard University, where she studied under Ernest Everett Just and graduated with a bachelor's degree in biology in 1925.[6] Lewis would then follow in the footsteps of another one of Just's students, Roger Arliner Young, to study with Frank Rattray Lillie at the University of Chicago.[4]
The recipient of a General Education Board fellowship, Lewis earned her Master's degree from the University of Chicago in 1931, studying in Chicago during the summers and teaching biology at Tillotson College during the school year.[6]
Though her Ph.D. studies were delayed for several reasons - including the financial burden of attending university and the obligation to continue providing for her aging parents,[Note 2][7] - she completed a doctoral degree in endocrinology in 1946.[4]
Career and research
[edit]Teaching
[edit]Lewis held several teaching appointments throughout her career. She began with short stints as an assistant/associate professor at the State Agriculture and Mechanics College of South Carolina (1926-1929) and Morgan College (1929-1931); both before she began graduate studies.[8] From 1931-1947, Lewis taught at Tillotson College to finance her doctoral studies, despite earning two Rosenwald Fellowships from the University of Chicago. After earning her doctorate, Lewis spent the remainder of her career as a full professor at Winston-Salem Teacher's College.[8] She retired in 1970.[3] Her research explored gonadogenesis in ducks, cellular differentiation, embryology, and sex hormones.[4]
Public Office
[edit]In 1960 Lewis ran for public office in Winston-Salem and was elected to the Forsyth County school board on November 8th, 1960. As the fist Black member of the school board, Lewis was an advocate for the desegregation of schools.[2][3] Despite Brown v. Board of Education finding school segregation unconstitutional six years earlier, many schools throughout the country were still de facto segregated.[2][3] Lewis also campaigned for the fair treatment of low-income children of all ethnicities. Dr. Lewis was re-elected in 1962 and would continue to be re-elected until her retirement from the school board in 1970, despite a Republican board majority in 1968.[2]
Published Works
[edit]- Lewis, Lillian B. “A Study of Some Effects of Sex Hormones upon the Embryonic Reproductive System of the White Pekin Duck.” Physiological Zoology, vol. 19, no. 3, July 1946, pp. 282–329. DOI.org (Crossref), https://doi.org/10.1086/physzool.19.3.30151914.
- Lewis, Lillian B., and L. V. Domm. “A Sexual Transformation of the Osseus Bulla in Duck Embryos Following Administration of Estrogen.” Physiological Zoology, vol. 21, no. 1, Jan. 1948, pp. 65–69. DOI.org (Crossref), https://doi.org/10.1086/physzool.21.1.30151982
Personal Life
[edit]At Howard University, Lewis was a member of the Freshman Debate Team in 1922, the Corresponding Secretary of the Alpha Kappa Mu scholarship society and a member of the Alpha Kappa Alpha sorority.[9][5] While studying at the University of Chicago, she was a member of the honor societies Sigma Xi and Sigma Delta Epsilon.[10]
Lewis married Winston-Salem native John F. Lewis in 1934.[2] The two raised at least one child together.[Note 3][6][4]
Her 1925 Howard University yearbook quote was: "A winner never quits and a quitter never wins."[5]
Lewis Award:
1980: Ms. Annette Hansley
1981: Mrs. Vivian Ellis Couch
1983: Ms. Sheila Haynes
https://newspapers.digitalnc.org/lccn/sn85042324/1977-01-01/ed-1/seq-2/#words=Lewis+Lillian NAACP?
Notes
[edit]- ^ Dr. Lewis' given name is alternately spelled as "Lilian" and "Lillian." This article uses "Lilian" throughout for consistency.
- ^ "My mother was stricken with paralysis and is now an invalid. My father is too old to support her and take care of her needs properly. In rearing the thirteen children, my parents were unable to save very much for a time of need like this and I am the only one of the children without a family and able to contribute materially to their needs. If I should stop work they would be reduced to absolute want and so I must continue to make my monthly contributions."
- ^ Sources contradict each other over whether or not Lilian and John had children of their own. However, it is believed that they were responsible for raising two nephews.
References
[edit]- ^ East, Bill (1987). "Lillian B. Lewis, Ex-Professor, Dies". Winston-Salem Journal.
- ^ a b c d e f "LILLIAN LEWIS MADE HEADWAY FOR BLACKS". Winston-Salem Journal. 10 March 1998.
- ^ a b c d East, Bill (1987). "Lillian B. Lewis, Ex-Professor, Dies". Winston-Salem Journal.
- ^ a b c d e Ogilvie, Marilyn Bailey; Harvey, Joy Dorothy (2000-01-01). The Biographical Dictionary of Women in Science: L-Z. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 9780415920407.
- ^ a b c Howard University, "The Bison: 1925" (1925). Howard University Yearbooks. 106. https://dh.howard.edu/bison_yearbooks/106
- ^ a b c R., Beilke, Jayne. "Deserving to Go Further" : Philanthropic Fellowships, African American Women, and the Development of Higher Educational Leadership in the South, 1930-1954. OCLC 967412440.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Application for Fellowship, Box 399, folder 1, Julius Rosenwald Fund Papers, Fisk University Library Special Collections, Nashville, Tenn.
- ^ a b Warren, Wini (1999). Black Women Scientists in the United States. Indiana University Press.
- ^ "Scientific Meet Honors Dr. Lillian B. Lewis". The Chicago Defender (National Edition). 6 April 1946. p. 3.
- ^ "The American Negro in College". The Crisis. No. 8. The Crisis Publishing Company, Inc. p. 28. ISSN 0011-1422.