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[1][2][3]

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The Turkey national football team (Turkish: Türkiye Millî Futbol Takımı) represents Turkey in men's international football matches. The team is controlled by the Turkish Football Federation (Turkish: Türkiye Futbol Federasyonu), the governing body for football in Turkey, which was founded in 1923 and member of FIFA since 1923 and, UEFA since 1962.[6]

Played their first official international game in 1923, the team represented the nation in major competitions since their debut appearance at 1924 Summer Olympics. The team participated in Summer Olympics total of six times at 1924, 1928, 1936, 1948, 1952 and 1960 in those they reached quarter-finals twice in 1948 and 1952.

The team enjoyed their highest achievements in 2000s, most notably reaching semi-finals at 2002 FIFA World Cup, 2003 FIFA Confederations Cup and UEFA Euro 2008. They qualified at FIFA World Cup finals for three times in 1950,[a] 1954 and 2002 and reached semi-finals in 2002, winning bronze medals as the biggest achievement of Turkish football, as yet. Team qualified for UEFA European Championships for five times. Making their debut at Euro 96, they reached quarter-finals in Euro 2000 and semi-finals in Euro 2008, which was their biggest achievement in the history of tournament. In recent years, Turkey qualified to Euro 2016 and Euro 2020 championships, consecutively.

Since its introduction in 1992, Turkey placed themselves between 5th and 57th place in FIFA World Rankings. Following their success at 2002 World Cup, Turkey managed to stay in top 10 in rankings between 2002 and 2004, with the highest on 5th spot earned in June 2004.[8] Team climbed once again up to 10th place in rankings in December 2008, following their success Euro 2008.[9] Turkey achieved their highest margin victories against Syria in 1949, South Korea in 1954 and San Marino in 1996, all ended by 7–0 scores.[10] The team lost the encounters against Poland in 1968 and England in 1984 and 1987 by 0–8 scores,[11] which set the shared biggest defeat record of their history.[10]

As of 2020 statistics, the most capped player of the Turkey is Rüştü Reçber with 120 senior international caps between 1994 and 2012, the most scoring player is Hakan Şükür with 51 goals scored between 1992 and 2007.[10] The longest serving captain is Turgay Şeren with captaincy of 35 international encounters between 1950 and 1966.[12] Earned his first cap in 2006, Arda Turan is the most capped active player with 100 caps.


[7] [7] [7] [7]

[7] [7] [7] [7] [7] [b] ..[citation needed]


History

[edit]

1900s–1950s: Early years and olympic competitions

[edit]
Turkey, in their first ever official encounter, against Romania on 26 October 1923 at Taksim Stadium, Istanbul[c]

Origin of Turkish football as a team sport lies back to last quarter of 19th century, with games held in Istanbul,[13][14] Izmir[15] and Salonica Vilayet[15][16] in late Ottoman Empire period.[17] There are different theses behind the first game ever played with games taken places in 1890[15] and 1897[17] in Izmir or 1880 in Istanbul.[16]

The first nation-wide governing body of futbol in Turkey was "Turkish Association of Training Alliance" (Turkish: Türk İdman Cemiyetleri İttifakı),[18] which later led the foundation of Turkish Football Federation (Turkish: Futbol Heyet-i Müttehidesi and later Turkish: Türkiye Futbol Federasyonu) in 1923.[19]

Turkey played their first official international encounter as a exhibition match with Romania which ended with a 2–2 draw at Taksim Stadium on 26 October 1923.[20][21] The starting line-up was composed of players between age of 19 and 23.[22]

Turkey in 1928 Summer Olympics under management of Bela Tóth[d]

The first major tournament of Turkey was 1924 Olympics, held in France. On 8 April 1924, national football team composed of 19 players and TFF representatives, including chairman Yusuf Ziya Öniş, weighed anchor to cruise from Galata Dock, Istanbul to France, together with Turkish Olympic Delegation including 11 athletes, 5 wrestlers, 3 cyclists, 2 weight lifters and 1 fencer.[23] On 25 May 1924, Turkey played against Czechoslovakia at Stade Bergeyre and eliminated after a 5–2 loss in which Bekir Refet scored Turkey's goals. This game was the first abroad game of Turkey.[18] honour

After the elminiation from 1924 Olympics, Turkey national team continued for a "Nordic Tour" (Turkish: Şimal Turnesi) and organized exhibition matches against Poland, Finland, Estonia, Latvia and Soviet Union.[24] During the tour, Zeki Rıza Sporel scored two hat-tricks against Finland (4 goals)[25] and Latvia (3 goals)[26] in 5 days adrift and had the first hat-trick of team's history. The game ended 4–2 against Finland on 17 June 1924 was the first ever win of Turkey national team.[27]

Zeki Rıza Sporel (16 caps, 15 goals) was the first goal scorer and first hat-trick scorer of Turkey, achieved both in 1924

Turkey participated at 1928 Olympics, held in the Nertherlands, played against Egypt by a heavy 7–1 loss in which Bekir Refet scored once again in Olympic Games after 1924, the only goal of the team, on 28 May 1928.[28] Egypt later reached semi-finals in the tournament.

Turkey participated at 1931 Balkan Cup between 30 September and 4 October 1931. Team played against Bulgaria and Yugoslavia respecitvely, defeated by Bulgaria 5–1[29] and beat Yugoslavia 2–0,[30] thus became the runners-up. Turkey witdhrew from 1934 FIFA World Cup before the qualification stage took place.[31]

In 1936 Olympics, held in Nazi Germany and lost their only game by 4-0 to Norway on 3 August 1936.[32] Turkey did not play any competitive games between 1937 and 1948, due to economical conditions of World War II.[33] Turkey achieved their first win at Olympic Games in 1948, beating Republic of China by 4-0 scored by Gündüz Kılıç (twice), Hüseyin Saygun and Lefter Küçükandonyadis at Green Pond Road on 2 August 1948.[34][35] 3 days later, Turkey faced Yugoslavia at quarter finals and eliminated after 4-0 of the opponents.[35]

In May 1949, Turkey attended Mediterranean Cup, precedent sports event to Mediterranean Games, held in Greece. On 13 May, Turkey beat Egypt by 3–2,[36] followed by another win against host nation Greece 2–1.[37] On 20 May 1949, Turkey were defeated by Italy by 3–2 final score.[38] Bülent Esel scored 3, Şükrü Gülesin and Gündüz Kılıç scored 2 goals each in 3 games.

1950s–1970s: World Cup debut

[edit]
Turkey to play a friendly game against Iran on 28 May 1950 in Dolmabahçe Stadium, Istanbul

On 20 November 1949, Turkey played the qualifying encounter against Syria where their beat their opponents by 7–0 final score, including a hat-trick of Fahrettin Cansever, and qualified for 1950 FIFA World Cup, under management of Cihat Arman.[39] However, due to administrative and financial reasons, Turkey could not participate at the tournament held in Brazil.[40][41][42]

In 1952, professionalism in Turkish football was acknowledged by TFF.[42][40] Held in Finland, Turkey attended 1952 Summer Olympics and beat Netherlands Antilles by 2–1 at first round and later defeated by Hungary by high margin 7–1 score and got eliminated at quarterfinals.[43]

Turkey, as underdog side,[42] were drawn with Netherlands and Spain at Group 6 at 1954 FIFA World Cup qualifications. Following the withdrawal of Netherlands, Turkey played two group games against Spain. First match was held on 6 January 1954 at Estadio Chamartín, Madrid as Spain beat Turkey 4–1.[44] Second game was held on 14 March 1954 and Turkey beat Spain 1–0.[45] As Turkey and Spain finished the regular fixture level on points, a play-off on neutral ground was played on 17 March 1954 Stadio Olimpico, Italy, in front of 60,000 reported spectators[46] where final score was 2–2.[47] Since there was no away goals rule introduced then, the qualifiying side was with a blindfolded coin flipping, done by a 14-year-old Italian boy, Luigi Franco Gemma, whose father worked at the stadium, picked Turkey.[48][49]

Lefter Küçükandonyadis (46 caps, 21 goals) scored two goals at 1954 FIFA World Cup finals

Turkey were seeded with West Germany, Hungary and South Korea at Group 2. On 17 June, Turkey played their first group game against West Germany and were beaten by 4–1.[50] Three days later, Turkey won their second game against South Korea by a national record of 7–0 final score in which Burhan Sargun made a hat-trick.[51] Since Turkey and Hungary were not fixtured any group games, Turkey and West Germany were required for a play-off game to decide the second team to advance quarter-finals, after group leaders Hungary. On 23 June 1954, parties encountered at Hardturm Stadium, Zurich, where West Germany advanced by 7–2 final score in which Max Morlock scored a hat-trick.[52] In the final of tournament, West Germany and Hungary, two teams from Turkey's group, played against each other where West Germany won the World Cup after 3–2 final score. Suat Mamat (4 goals), Burhan Sargun and Lefter Küçükandonyadis (3 goals each) were the most scoring players of the 22-man-squad.

On 19 February 1956, Turkey hosted 1952 Summer Olympics winner and 1954 World Cup finalist Hungary, also then known as the Golden Team in a friendly game at Dolmabahçe Stadium and won the game by 3–1 score,[53] which was considered one of the most remarkable achivements of team's history. Goals of Turkey were scored by Lefter Küçükandoyadis Metin Oktay.[53]

At 1958 FIFA World Cup qualification, FIFA classified Turkey in Asian continent together with Cyprus and Israel, seeding Turkey against Israel but, since TFF refused to participate under these conditions, Israel advanced to next round.[31] Seeded with Soviet Union and Norway, Turkey participated at UEFA Group 5 of 1962 FIFA World Cup qualification in which only the leading team may qualify for the finals. Turkey beat Norway in both encounters by 1–0[54] and 2–1[55], but were defeated twice by Soviet Union by 0–1[56] and 1–2,[57] finishing the group at second place and thus were eliminated. Scored 3 goals in 4 games, Metin Oktay was the top scorer of team at qualification stage.

Seeded with Czechoslovakia, Portugal and Romania, Turkey competed in UEFA Group 4 of 1966 FIFA World Cup qualification. Suffered high-margin losses against Portugal on 24 January 1965 by 1–5[58] in which Eusébio scored and hat-trick and, Czechoslovakia on 9 October 1965 by 0–6[59] scores, Turkey finalized the group at last place, with only one win (in 6 games) against Romania by 2–1 at 19 Mayıs Stadium, Ankara on 23 October 1965.[60]

Turkey participated at the ECO Cup between 1965 and 1974, organized by Economic Cooperation Organization. In inaugral version, hosted by Iran, Turkey achieved second place in the three-nations-tournament, after Iran. Turkey won 1967 version, beating Iran 1–0[61] and Pakistan 7–4 in November 1967.[62]

1970s–1993: Absence from high-level compeitions

[edit]

The period from 1960s until early 1990s are regarded as "stationary"[42] or rather unsuccessful in terms of performance of the national team.[63] Turkey competed at UEFA Group 4 in 1970 FIFA World Cup qualification against Soviet Union and Northern Ireland as Malta withdrew from the competition. The team were beaten in all four games, could score only 2 goals by Ogün Altıparmak and Ender Konca whereas conceded 13 goals in total.

In 1974 FIFA World Cup qualifications, Turkey competed at UEFA Group 2, consisting of Italy, Switzerland and Luxembourg. Comparing qualifications 4 years ago, Turkey put a better performance, winning 2 games and obtaining 6 points, they finished the group at second place behing Italy and failed to qualify for the finals, although concededing only 3 goals in 6 games.[64] Turkey played with Luxembourg on 2 back-to-back encounters in October and December 1972, got defeated by opponents by 0–2[65] and then beaten by 3–0 scores[66]. Turkey received their second defeat against Italy on 25 February 1973 by 0–1 at İnönü Stadium[67] and second win against Switzerland on last game in fixtures on 18 November 1973 by 2–0 score in Izmir.[68]

Feyyaz Uçar (28 caps, 7 goals) was team's top scorer at 1994 FIFA World Cup qualifications with 3 goals, along with Hakan Şükür

Turkey were seeded together with Austria, East Germany and Malta in UEFA Group 3 of 1978 FIFA World Cup qualifications. On 31 October 1976, Turkey hosted Malta in Izmir and beat them by 4–0 in which Cemil Turan scored a hat-trick.[69] On 17 November 1976, Turkey drawn with East Germany in Dresden by 1–1.[70] The team lost their both encounters against Austria, both ended 0–1.[71][72] Collected 5 points in 6 games, Turkey got eliminated in the Group which Cemil Turan was the top scorer of team with 5 goals.

Qualification phases of 1982 and 1986 World Cups are statistically the most unsuccessful contentions of team's history as Turkey could not achieve a single win in 16 games between 1980 and 1985.[31] Turkey lost their every single game against Czechoslovakia, Iceland, Soviet Union and Wales at UEFA Group 3 of 1982 qualification, managed to score only 3rd game agasint Iceland by Fatih Terim with a penalty conversion in which eventually lost 1–2 on 24 September 1980, in Izmir.[73]

Turkey were seeded from pot four with Albania, Austria, Northern Ireland, and West Germany at Group 6 of UEFA Euro 1984 qualifying. After the 8-game-fixtures, scoring total of 8 and conceding 16 goals, Turkey placed 4th in the group and got eliminated.[74] Four years later, placed once again in pot four, Turkey were seeded with England, Northern Ireland and Yugoslavia at Group 4 of UEFA Euro 1988 qualifying stage. Once again, Turkey were spotted at 4th place without a win, conceding 16 goals in 6 games. Placed in pot E, the last pot, Turkey were seeded with Austria, East Germany, Iceland and Soviet Union at Group 3 of 1990 World Cup qualifications. Turkey earned a draw against Iceland on 1st game of fixtures after the 1–1 score.[75] Turkey earned 7 points in total, with 3 wins and 1 draw in 8 games in the group, beating East Germany twice (3–1[76] and 2–0[77]) and Austria once by 3–0 on 25 October 1989.[78] Eventually placed 3rd, Turkey were eliminated with only 2 points behind Austria.[31]

Managed Turkey between 1990 and 1993, Sepp Piontek failed to lead the team to qualify for 1994 World Cup

TFF announced that they decided to employ Sepp Piontek, who was Denmark manager at that stage, as Turkey team manager and Fatih Terim as assistant, with ongoing negotiations for a 4-year-contract with Piontek to be completed by end of March, on 11 February 1990.[79] Terim managed the team as interim manager for the exhibition game against Denmark, held in Cophenagen on 11 April 1990, ended 1–0.[80][81][82]

Turkey played their first game under Pointek's management against Ireland in an exhibition game, ended 0–0 on 27 May 1990.[83] On 5 September 1990, Turkey had another exhibition game away, against Hungary and got defeated 1–4.[84]

Drafted in pool four, Turkey were seeded with England, Poland and Republic of Ireland at Group 7 of UEFA Euro 1992 qualifying. Displayed an unsuccessful performance, Turkey were eliminiated without collection a single point and scoring only one goal from a penalty shot by Rıza Çalımbay in last game of fixtures against Ireland, in which they were defeated 1–3, on 13 November 1991.[85]

Turkey got themselves in pool 5, Turkey were seeded with England, Netherlands, Norway, Poland and San Marino at UEFA Group 2 of 1994 FIFA World Cup qualifications. Following the 3–1 loss against Norway,[85] the contract of Sepp Piontek was cancelled on 28 April 1993. Despite being hired on high expectations in order to elevate Turkish football, Piontek could manage to earn only 4 wins, 8 draws and 15 losses, managing a relativel low 14.8% of winning ratio in 3 years.[86][87] In his future interviews, he expressed that he had difficulties to manage and monitor the private life of the players.[88][86] Turkey continued the 1994 World Cup qualification campaign under management of Fatih Terim.[89]

1993–2000: Breakthrough at international level

[edit]

Following a previous single-game caretaking assignment in 1990, Fatih Terim was appointed as Turkey Manager in July 1993.[89] Previously, under management of Fatih Terim, Turkey U-23 team won the Mediterranean Games, which is acknowledged as a significant breakthrough in Turkish football.[90][91] Although displayed a relatively good performance at home as earning 3 wins at 5 home games, Turkey were eliminated, placed 5th, just above San Marino at UEFA Group 2.

Euro 96

[edit]
Fatih Terim (51 caps, 3 goals) managed Turkey to reach Euro 96, a major tournament since 1954 World Cup

Following the draw taking place in Manchester, England on 22 January 1994,[92] previously seeded in pool 5,[93] Turkey were drawn in Group 3 of UEFA Euro 1996 qualifying stage, as the only group of 5 teams amongst 8 groups, together with Hungary, Iceland, Sweden and Switzerland, which was locally percepted as a "nice draw".[94] In October 1994, Turkey moved up 5 slots to 34th place FIFA World Rankings.[95]

On 7 September 1994, Hungary hosted Turkey in inaugural encounter of the fixtures which ended 2–2. Following encounter, Turkey beat Iceland 5–0. Later, Turkey were beaten by Switzerland and then beat Sweden with identical scores of 2–1. On 26 April 1995, Turkey beat Switzerland 2–1 and led the group with 10 points and 3 goals of tie breaker, in front of Switzerland.[96] This was the first time that Turkey led a group stage at European Championships since its foundation.[97] On 6 September 1995, Turkey hosted Hungary and achieved a 2–0 victory with a dominant gameplay.[98] After the consecutive draws against Iceland (0–0) and Sweden (2–2), Turkey qualified to the finals following a qualification group peformance with 4 wins, 3 draws and 1 loss, as third best runner-up of the stages.[99] Hakan Şükür was the top scorer of Group 3 with 7 goals. Being their first appearance, Turkey were one of the six nations making their debut of European Championships[100] and first participation to a major championship since 1954 FIFA World Cup.[101]

Following draws held in Birmingham on 17 December 1995, Turkey were seeded with Denmark, Portugal and Croatia in Group D at Euro 96 finals.[102] Turkey played their first game in Group D against the other debutant Croatia. The game ended 0–1 with Croatia's win,[103] as Goran Vlaović delivered a late counter attack goal on 86th minute where Alpay Özalan was later critised that let pass Vlaović without a sliding tackle. On second game Turkey were defeated by Portugal, again by 0–1 final score.[104] In last game, Denmark beat Turkey with 0–3.[105] Thus, Turkey completed the tournament as only team without scoring any goal.[106][107] Terim completed his tenure with 18 wins, 7 draws and 8 losses in 33 games, achiving a 54% winning ratio.[108]

Euro 2000

[edit]
Okan Buruk (56 caps, 8 goals) scored the first goal of Turkey at UEFA European Championships history in 2000

Turkey played their game under Şenol Güneş against Bosnia and Herzegovina on 16 August 2000.[109] With the draw held on 18 January 1998, seeded in pot 2, Turkey were featured in Group 3 of UEFA Euro 2000 qualifying stage, along with Germany, Finland, Northern Ireland and Moldova. Turkey started qualifiers on 5 September 1998, hosting Northern Ireland at Ali Sami Yen Stadium where they got 3 points with 3–0 score. On 10 October 1998, Turkey beat Germany with a narrow 1–0 in which the winner was scored by a header of Hakan Şükür on 70th minute, at Atatürk Stadium, Bursa. They received their first and only loss at qualifying stage at home against Finlands with 0–3 score on 14 October 1998.

Defeating Moldova by 2–0 in their last game in 1998, Turkey started 1999 with another win, overwhelming Finland with 4–2 final score in Helsinki Olympic Stadium after goals scored by Hakan Şükür and Tayfur Havutçu. On 4 September 1999, Turkey beat Northern Ireland by an convinving 3–0 score, designated by the hat-trick scored by Arif Erdem. Following 2 consecutive draws against Moldova with 1–1 and Germany with 0–0 scores, Turkey completed Group 3 at third place, 2 points behing Germany, collecting 17 points in 8 games. Hakan Şükür and Tayfur Havutçu were top scorers of Turkey at qualifying stage, scoring 4 goals each. At play-offs stage, Turkey were drawn Ireland for a two-legged qualification to be played on 13 and 17 November 1999. Following two draws ended 1–1 in Dublin 0–0 in Bursa, eventually causing 1–1 aggregate score, Turkey qualified to Euro 2000 finals.

Following the sortition held on 12 December 1999,[110] Turkey paired up at Group B with co-hosts Belgium, Italy and Sweden. They lost their first game againt Italy by 2–1 score on 11 June 2000 at GelreDome, Arnhem. Okan Buruk scored the first ever goal of Turkey at Euros history, with an header on 52nd minute.

2000–2009: Success in major competitions

[edit]

2002 World Cup

[edit]
Turkey reached semi-finals and eventually won bronze medal at 2002 World Cup under management of Şenol Güneş (31 caps)













Euro 2008

[edit]
Semih Şentürk (28 caps, 8 goals) was the top scorer of Turkey with 3 goals at Euro 2008 finals














2009–2016: Downturn and managerial transitions

[edit]
2009

Ersun Yanal was sucked by TFF following the game against Ghana ended 2–2 on 14 August 2013.[111]

Overall performance of team at 2014 World Cup qualifications is regarded as the worst one since 1994 qualifications.[112][113]









2016– : Back in contention

[edit]

Euro 2016

[edit]
2009









Euro 2020

[edit]
Cenk Tosun (45 caps, 18 goals) scored 5 goals at Euro 2020 qualifications

Based on November 2018 UEFA Nations League overall rankings,[114] Turkey was seeded in pot 3[115] and was drawn into Group H, along with France, Iceland, Albania, Moldova and, Andorra on on 2 December 2018.[116][117] On 28 February 2019, TFF announced that Şenol Güneş is appointed as Turkey manager.[118][119] This was the second tenure of Güneş after 16 years, when he was deprived by TFF on 22 March 2004.[120]

Turkey played against Albania at first game of qualifiers in Shkodër, Albania and won the encounter by 2–0, on 22 March 2019.[121] Turkey hosted Moldova on 25 March 2019 at New Eskişehir Stadium, Eskişehir where they beat their opponents 4–0.[122] On 8 June 2019, Turkey were up against defending World Champion France in Konya and beat their opponents 2–0, by goals scored by Kaan Ayhan and Cengiz Ünder in first the half.[123] Following 3 back-to-back wins, Turkey faced Iceland at Laugardalsvöllur, Reykjavik and lost by 2–1 final score, on 11 June 2019.[124] Turkey beat Andorra 1–0 score with an 89th minute header scored by Ozan Tufan at Vodafone Park, Istanbul on 7 September 2019.[125] 3 days later, Turkey won against Moldova in Zimbru Stadium, Chișinău by 4–0 score on 10 September 2019.[126]

In October fixtures, Turkey played 2 games in 4 days, first beating Albania 1–0 with another late goal at 90th minute by Cenk Tosun on 11 October 2019.[127] On 14 October 2019, France hosted Turkey at Stade de France, Paris and teams drawn with 1–1 final score, with mutual headers by Olivier Giroud and Kaah Ayhan.[128] On 14 November 2019, Turkey faced Iceland at Türk Telekom Stadium where teams drawn without a goal,[129] and Turkey officially qualified for EURO 2020 finals. On last game of qualification fixtures, Turkey beat Andorra 2–0 on 17 November 2019 as Enes Ünal scored his first national team goals, on 17 November 2019.[130]

Following the draw for Final Tournament held on 30 November 2019, Turkey, seeded in "pot 3"[131] were drawn into Group A along with Italy, Switzerland, and Wales.[132] Şenol Güneş became the first Turkey manager to bring the team both into FIFA World Cup and UEFA European Championship Finals.[133]

Honours

[edit]
A post stamp issued by Azerbaijan, commemorating success of Turkey at 2002 FIFA World Cup[e]
Competition summary
Competition 1st place, gold medalist(s) 2nd place, silver medalist(s) 3rd place, bronze medalist(s) Total
FIFA World Cup 0 0 1 1
UEFA European Championship 0 0 1 1
FIFA Confederations Cup 0 0 1 1
UEFA Nations League 0 0 0 0
Olympic football tournament 0 0 0 0
Total 0 0 3 3
Global tournaments
Regional tournaments
Other achivements
State Decorations

Team image

[edit]

Colours and kits

[edit]
Metin Oktay (36 caps, 19 goals), pictured in 1958 with traditional kit of Turkey, a white shirt with a large horizontal red strip on chest, which is embedded cresent-star upon
Kit supplier Period
Germany Adidas 1980–2003
United States Nike 2003–present
Arda Turan (100 caps, 17 goals) with turquoise, white and red jersey in 2016

The principle colours of Turkey are red and white,[138] which also constitutes one of their nicknames, "Kırmızı Beyazlılar". The traditional kit is of white shirt with a large horizontal red strip on chest embaded Turkish cresent-star and white shorts.[139][140][141][142] In later years, when home and away kits are applied in football, Turkey utilised the vice-versa design of the traditional kit.[143]

On 26 October 1923, when Turkey hosted Romania in their first ever international encounter, Turkey were supposed to play the game with kits in completely white colour as chosen by TFF, however; in an interview, Nedim Kaleci, the goalkeeper of squad expressed that some tailors came in their locker room in order to sew Turkish Flag on chest of jerseys, whom were later found out that they were assigned by Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, founder and first president of Turkey.[144]

Adidas supplied kits to Turkey between 1980 and 2003.[145] On 25 April 2000, kits to be worn at Euro 2000 Finals were introduced by Adidas.[146] Introduced on 11 February 2002,[147] Turkey wore kits made of "Coolmax" technology of Adidas at 2002 FIFA World Cup finals.[148]

On 2 July 2003, TFF announced the sponsorship agreement with Nike, which was projected to cover 6 years of principle duration with 3 years of potential extention.[145][149] The first was made of Nike's "clima cool" technology.[150] Nike supplied Turkey with "Total 90", which was weighing 150 gr., first worn in an exhibition match against Denmark on 18 February 2004.[151]

In January 2008, Nike released new "Dri-Fit" kits of Turkey for Euro 2008, where the turquoise was used in details,[152] as a completely new colour other than red and white.Cite error: The <ref> tag has too many names (see the help page). Turquoise, literally meaning "Turkish" in French language, as well referred to as "Turkish colour" due to the fact the actual mineral was named after Turks in 17th century, was touted by TFF as "the unique colour to represent Turkey, after red and white".[153][154]

Cengiz Ünder (29 caps, 9 goals) in 2018 home kit

In May 2012, Nike released kits for 2014 World Cup qualification stage, which was a newer version of Dri-Fit, made of 96% from recycled material and "an advanced" version of classical Turkey kit, in which a nazar boncuğu embedded inside of it.[155] In 2014, another Dri-Fit was released by Nike, another tribute to classic home kit but this time was completely in red colour, on which the chest strip was embedded drawings of "çimentani", a Turkish porcelain.[156]

In March 2016, TFF introduced the new home kit of the team in which black was used for the first time ever in Turkey kits.[157] The kit designed had a top-to-bottom transitional colour scheme from red to black, combined with black shorts and black socks, intending a "connotation as an armour".[157]

In 2018, the kit, in "Vapor knit" technology, was once again designed in resemblance with classic kit, but including a multi-hue umbriferous strip symbolising "speed".[158][159][160] It was first worn in exhibition match against Ireland 23 March 2018.[159][160]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Turkey national football team kits.

On 1 September 2020, TFF introduced the kits designed for Euro 2020 finals, 2020–21 UEFA Nations League and 2022 World Cup qualification stage, within new theme "Türkiye'm" (lit. 'my Turkey').[161] Produced with 100% recycled materials, the jersey were inspired once again after the traditional kit, this time with an enlarged cresent-start on the large strip on the chest.[161][162] The kit was worn for the first time against Hungary at 2020–21 UEFA Nations League B encounter at New Sivas 4 Eylül Stadium, on 3 September 2020.[163]

Nicknames

[edit]
Bedri Gürsoy (12 caps, 2 goals), pictured in 1920s, wearing the classic Turkey shirt, with cresent-star badge on its chest, grounding team's colloquial nicknames

The official name of the team is "A Milli Takım" as per the definition by and records of TFF.[20] At local level, the team is renowned with their colloquial nicknames "Ay Yıldızlılar" (lit. 'Cresent-stars') or "Kırmızı Beyazlılar" (lit. 'Red-White Ones'), both coming after the Flag of Turkey, symbolysing its motive and colours, as well as constituting the basis of team kit.

Due to the competitive and unwithdrawing display[164] of the team in Euro 2008 group stage encounters against hosting Switzerland (ended 2–1),[165] Czech Republic (ended 3–2)[166] and quarter final encounter against Croatia (ended 4–2 (a.e.t.))[167] where the team turned the scores around in their favour, they were dubbed as "The Comeback Kings" by English-speaking international media outlets.[168][169][170]

During 2022 FIFA World Cup qualifying campaign, TFF started a social media initiative in order to allow fans interact in coherence, under the nickname "Bizim Çocuklar" (lit. 'Our Sons'),[171] stylised #BizimÇocuklar on social media, in December 2020.[172][173]

Theme songs

[edit]

Although there is not any TFF-endorsed national team dedicated anthem, there are compeition-based, national team dedicated songs, released as a result of TFF-private company cooperations.[174] Some of them overidentified themselves with national team timelessly, even much later the particular competition.[174][175]

In May 2002, TFF announced in conjunction with Pepsi,[176] that "Bir Oluruz Yolunda" (lit. 'We Become One In Your Way'), written, composed and performed by Tarkan,[177] was to be the TFF and Turkey official song of the year.[178] Released by İstanbul Plak on 19 April 2002, Bir Oluruz Yolunda reached the top of local listings, as well as selling 400 thousand copies across Turkey.[citation needed] In order to commemorate the success of Turkey at 2002 World Cup, Tarkan gave an open-air public concert in which all team members were present, organized by TFF and Istanbul Municipality, at Taksim Square, on 30 June 2002.[179][180]

TFF and Turkey team sponsor Ülker collaborated for a theme song for Euro 2008 finals,[181] titled “Hep Seninleyiz Türkiye” (lit. 'We're always with you Turkey').[182] A spin-off from the original song "A Drinking Song" composed by Norwegian band Helldorado,[181][183] Hep Seninleyiz Türkiye was released in June 2008.[184]

In April 2021, Mustafa Sandal announced the cooperation between TFF and him in order to compose the official Euro 2020 theme song of Turkey.[175][185][186] Although not necessarily endorsed by TFF, Sandal also composed a song for Turkey, named "Pazara Kadar Değil, Mezara Kadar" (lit. 'Not till only Sunday, but till the grave'), back in 2002.[186] Produced by Doğan Music Company (DMC), featuring Sandal, Derya Uluğ and Eypio,[187][188] the theme song were announced by TFF on 9 June 2020.[189]

Media coverage

[edit]
Broadcasting rights of major
competitions that Turkey qualified
Competition Rights holder Ref.
World Cup 1954 No local broadcast
Euro 1996 TRT
Euro 2000 TRT [190]
World Cup 2002 TRT [191]
Euro 2008 ATV, Digiturk [192][193]
Euro 2016 TRT, TRT Spor, Digiturk [194][195]
Euro 2020 TRT, TRT Spor [196]

TV broadcasting of football competitions across Turkey is regulated under the "Broadcasting Directive" of TFF.[197] Produced by ITU TV, a former instition of Istanbul Technical University, as a in-house test broadcast, the first ever broadcasting in Turkey took place in 1952.[7] Aired also by ITU TV as an unlicensed broadcasting,[198] the first broadcast of Turkey national was recorded live on 12 November 1961, when Turkey hosted Soviet Union, with a single camera output located at the roof of Mithatpaşa Stadium (today Vodafone Park).[199]

Rıdvan Dilmen (29 caps, 5 goals) gave punditry during Euro 2008 finals at Digiturk

Since its establishment, TRT, the public television of Turkey, are the main broadcasters of major competitions of national team, including qualification stages and finals. Although Turkey did not participate, Euro 1984 was the first championship which some encounters were aired live by TRT, including the Final between France and Spain.[200] When Turkey had their debut at UEFA European Championship in Euro 1996, TRT aired tournament partially, including all 3 group stage encounters of the team live with on-site commentary. Since it was the first time Turkey successfully qualified after 54 years, the 2002 World Cup was the first World Cup edition which all games of Turkey were aired live by TRT.

Euro 2008 was the first tournament which the games were aired by non-state networks and aired with HD image quality.[201] On 4 August 2006, ATV announced their rights acquisition for Euro 2008 as the first ever private network.[192] Concurently, Digiturk, a private satellite television, announced their broadcast rights deal on 22 November 2007.[193] Former Turkish international Rıdvan Dilmen, former Turkish FIFA referee Erman Toroğlu and former Dutch international Pierre van Hooijdonk supplied punditry for the encounters at Digiturk.[202]

On 4 December 2015, TRT announced themselves as the primary rights holder of Euro 2016 in Turkey.[194] Along with TRT, TRT Spor, subsidiary also aired the games for the first time. Digiturk also acquired the rights for encrypted broadcast of the competition.[195][203] Following the tenders held by UEFA in March 2017, TRT acquired the local broadcasting rights of Euro 2020.[204] On 7 September 2018, it was revealed that all game of Euro 2020 finals and 2022 FIFA World Cup qualification will also be aired live by TRT and TRT Spor.[196] The games were aired first time on TRT 4K in 4K resolution.[205]

Support

[edit]

According to a 3rd party survey, Turkey ranks number 3 in list of nations with highest interest on football.[206]

vociferous,[207] ardent and patriotic

In 2009, Spain manager Vicente Del Bosque defined Turkish fans: "Turkish fans are an igniting group [of people] who all the way maintain their support. We came here knowing [this]".[208]

  • [1]
  • [2] Bizim sevdamız Türkiye Gurbetçi vatandaşlarımız Milli Takımı yalnız bırakmadı
  • [3] Milli Takıma büyük ilgi!
  • [4] Adana'da Terim ve Milli Takım'a büyük ilgi
  • [5] Robben: İstiklal Marşı tüylerimi diken diken etti
  • [6] 'Bilseydim İstiklal Marşı'nı okurdum'
  • [7] Robben'den İstiklal Marşı yorumu
  • [8] Frank de Boer: Taraftarların olmaması Türkiye için dezavantaj
  • [9] Milli Takım'ın şehri ve taraftarı nerede sessiz sedasız farkedilmeyi bekliyor?
  • [10] A Milli Takım'a taraftardan büyük destek
  • [11] Milli Takım acilen İstanbul'a dönsün! Çünkü...

Technical management

[edit]
Main article: List of Turkey national football team managers

There are 8 managers who managed Turkey national team under multiple assignments.[209] Sandro Puppo, Cihat Arman and Fatih Terim managed Turkey in four different terms, including interim managements.[209] Statistically, Fatih Terim is the longest running manager, also winning most number of wins (70 wins in 135 games, as of 2020).[210]

Selection of Turkey in 1925 with 2–3–5 tactical line-up under management of Billy Hunter

Sepp Piontek, managed the team between 1990 and 1993, built the team up on 3-5-2 but also utilised versatile players like Rıza Çalımbay on right and Tugay Kerimoğlu on left back position in order to switch tactics to 4-3-3 during 1992 UEFA European Championship qualifying stage.[211]

During his appointment between 1993 and 1996, Terim applied an approach of a highly competitive team.[212] According to his statement in an interview held in 2008, Terim changed the mentality of team from "try not to lose" to "win", in which all players were playing at local level.[101] During the Euro 96 qualifiying stage, Fatih Terim intented to build a team with ball possession from the defensive line, playing a quick play, preferably with one-touch-passing.[213] and applied mostly 3-5-2, with zonal pressing and long shots.[214] Terim also deployed centre-backs with sweeper capabilities, including passing and passing connection with forwards.[215]

Deploying 3-4-3 formation, Turkey reached quarter-finals at Euro 2000 under management of Mustafa Denizli (10 caps, 2 goals)

During 1998 FIFA World Cup qualification, Mustafa Denizli utilised mostly 3-5-2 and 3-6-1 with winger backs, double defensive midfielders with intent to keep the opponents pressurized.[216] Denizli preferred to employ a target striker, mostly Hakan Şükür and Saffet Sancaklı.[217] At UEFA Euro 2000 qualifying stage, depending on the opponent, Denizli preferred 3-4-3.[218][219]

Şenol Güneş prioritised defensive mentality and score protection during 2002 World Cup qualification stage.[220][221] During the finals, Güneş set the team up 4-5-1, with dynamic midfielders such as Tugay Kerimoğlu and Emre Belözoğlu and deploying Yıldıray Baştürk as deep-lying playmaker.[222] Okan Buruk and Hasan Şaş were assigned to supply Hakan Şükür with quick balls from both flanks.[221] At Euro 2004 qualifying stage Güneş deployed 2 forwards in starting line-up, mostly Hakan Şükür and İlhan Mansız.[223]

During his assignment between 2013 and 2017, Fatih Terim utilised 4-1-4-1 and 4-2-3-1 formation, deployed Selçuk İnan and Mehmet Topal in defensive side of midfield and Hakan Çalhanoğlu as attacking midfielder to support Burak Yılmaz in front.[224] At 2018 World Cup qualification stage, Terim set the team up mostly on 4-3-3.[225] He planned the team to put zonal pressure on opponents side, followed by quick counter attacking football, exploiting flanks utilising skillfull wingers such as Volkan Şen and Emre Mor.[226]

In Euro 2020 qualifying stage encounter against France, Şenol Güneş formed a defensively compact squad with constant zonal marking during ball possession of opponent.[227] At same stage up against Moldova, Güneş shifted the strategy in order to play quick attacking play on both flanks.[228] Conceding 3 goals in 10 games, Turkey put their best defensive performence ever at qualifying phases of UEFA European Championship, under management of Güneş.[133][229]

Top 5 managers by the number of games managed
# Manager G W D L GF GA % Achievement(s)
1 Turkey Fatih Terim 135 69 34 32 200 138 51.11% Qualified for Euro 96
Bronze medal at Euro 2008
Qualified for Euro 2016
2 Turkey Şenol Güneş 64 32 15 17 92 56 50.79% Bronze medal at 2002 World Cup
Bronze medal at 2003 FIFA Confederations Cup
Qualified for Euro 2020
3 Turkey Coşkun Özarı 54 14 16 24 56 93 25.93% None
4 Turkey Mustafa Denizli 37 12 10 15 51 54 32.43% Quarter-finals at Euro 96
5 Italy Sandro Puppo 31 8 6 17 32 62 25.81% Qualified for 1954 World Cup
Last updated: 4 September 2020.

Competitive record

[edit]

Balkan Cup

[edit]
Main article: Balkan Cup
Balkan Cup record
Year Round Position Pld W D L GF GA
1929–31 Did not participate
Bulgaria 1931 Runners-up 2nd 2 1 0 1 3 5
Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia 1932 Did not participate
Romania 1933 Did not participate
Greece 1934–35 Did not participate
Bulgaria 1935 Did not participate
Romania 1936 Did not participate
Albania 1946 Did not participate
1947 Did not participate
1948 Did not participate
1973–76 Semi-finals 4th 2 1 0 1 6 7
1977–80 Group stage 3rd 4 1 1 2 4 8
Total 2nd place 3/12 8 3 1 4 13 20

ECO Cup

[edit]
Main article: ECO Cup
ECO Cup record
Year Round Position Pld W D L GF GA
Iran 1965 Runners-up 2nd 2 1 1 0 3 1
Pakistan 1967 Champions 1st 4 2 2 0 8 4
Turkey 1969 Champions 1st 4 2 2 0 8 2
Iran 1970 Runners-up 2nd 3 2 1 0 4 2
Pakistan 1974 Champions 1st 3 2 1 0 3 2
Iran 1993 Did not participate
Total 3 Titles 5/6 16 9 7 0 26 11

Stats

[edit]

Centuriate goals

[edit]
Selçuk İnan (61 caps, 8 goals) scored 700th goal of Turkey in 2015

As of 4 September 2020:[230][231]

# Date Opponent Scorer Score
1st 26 October 1923 Zeki Rıza Sporel  Romania 2–2
100th 23 June 1954 Mustafa Ertan  West Germany 2–7
200th 14 February 1973 Osman Arpacıoğlu  Algeria 4–0
300th 27 February 1991 Uğur Tütüneker  Yugoslavia 1–1
400th 27 March 1999 Sergen Yalçın  Moldova 2–0
500th 9 October 2004 Fatih Tekke  Kazakhstan 4–0
600th 5 September 2009 Arda Turan  Estonia 4–2
700th 3 September 2015 Selçuk İnan  Latvia 1–1

References

[edit]
Notes
  1. ^ Turkey withdrew due to financial reasons.[7]
  2. ^ ....[7]
  3. ^ Starting line-up of Turkey against Romania on 26 October 1923: Nedim Kaleci, Hasan Kamil Sporel, Cafer Çağatay, İsmet Uluğ, Nihat Bekdik, Fevzi Baron, Emin Bey, Alaeddin Baydar, Zeki Rıza Sporel, Sabih Arca, Bedri Gürsoy.[7]
  4. ^ Starting line-up of Turkey against Egypt at 1928 Summer Olympics, on 28 May 1928: (Back-row) Bela Tóth (manager), Burhan Atak, Kadri Göktulga, İsmet Uluğ, Alaeddin Baydar, Zeki Rıza Sporel, Nihat Bekdik, Mehmet Leblebi, (front-row) Ulvi Yenal, Cevat Seyit, Bekir Refet, Muslih Peykoğlu.[7]
  5. ^ Starting line-up of Turkey against Brazil at 2002 FIFA World Cup semi-final, on 26 June 2002 at Saitama Stadium: (Back-row) Rüştü Reçber, Fatih Akyel, Alpay Özalan, Ümit Davala, Bülent Korkmaz, Hakan Şükür, (front-row) Yıldıray Baştürk, Hasan Şaş, Tugay Kerimoğlu, Ergün Penbe, Emre Belözoğlu.[7]
  6. ^ In 2002, the national team was honoured with the Turkish "State Medal of Distinguished Service" for its third place achievement at the 2002 FIFA World Cup. All the team members, coaches and officials were given medals.[136][137]
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  212. ^ Halil Özer (14 October 1994). "Bu Yola Baş Koyduk". Milliyet (in Turkish). p. 36.
  213. ^ Zeki Çol (6 September 1994). "Coşkulu, Hırslı, Kararlı". Milliyet (in Turkish). p. 32.
  214. ^ "Haydi Türkiye Elele". Milliyet (in Turkish). 26 April 1995. p. 34.
  215. ^ "Bir Devir Kapanacak". Milliyet (in Turkish). 11 December 1994. p. 30.
  216. ^ Meşe, Bilal (10 October 1997). "Silahımız Pres". Milliyet (in Turkish). p. 34.
  217. ^ Meşe, Bilal (31 August 1996). "Denizli'nin Kozu Ogün". Milliyet (in Turkish). p. 28.
  218. ^ "Denizli Destek İstedi". Milliyet (in Turkish). 2 September 1998. p. 36.
  219. ^ Meşe, Bilal (12 December 1996). "Denizli'den Dört Emir". Milliyet (in Turkish). p. 32.
  220. ^ Meşe, Bilal (9 November 2001). "Denizli'den Dört Emir". Milliyet (in Turkish). p. 36.
  221. ^ a b "İstikamet Tokyo". Milliyet (in Turkish). 9 October 2000. p. 36. Azerbaycan sınavından kadroda bazı değişiklikler yaparak çıkacaklarını belirten Güneş, "İsveç maçını rakibin günüü dikkate alıp, daha çok savunma ağırlıklı bir taktik anlayışı ile oynadık. Azerbaycan'da daha önde ve daha atak olmak zorundayız" diye konuştu.
  222. ^ "İlk Raunda Hazırız". Milliyet (in Turkish). 27 May 2002. p. 28.
  223. ^ "Letonya'ya Şok Baskın". Milliyet (in Turkish). 15 November 2003. p. 30.
  224. ^ "Fatih Terim'den özel taktik!" (in Turkish). Fanatik. 6 September 2015. Archived from the original on 17 August 2020. Retrieved 17 August 2020.
  225. ^ "Fatih Terim'in 'taktik kağıdı' görüntülendi" (in Turkish). Fanatik. 6 September 2015. Archived from the original on 17 August 2020. Retrieved 17 August 2020.
  226. ^ "İşte Fatih Terim'in Kosova planı!" (in Turkish). Hürriyet. 10 June 2017. Archived from the original on 11 August 2020. Retrieved 11 August 2020.
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  228. ^ "Moldova - Türkiye: Şenol Güneş taktik planını belirledi" (in Turkish). Fanatik. 10 September 2019. Archived from the original on 9 August 2020. Retrieved 9 August 2020.
  229. ^ "Tarihinin en iyi performansı! Milli Takım..." (in Turkish). Hürriyet. 18 November 2019. Archived from the original on 13 August 2020. Retrieved 13 August 2020.
  230. ^ "Türkiye'nin 700. golü Selçuk İnan'dan" (in Turkish). Haberturk. 4 September 2015. Archived from the original on 3 September 2020. Retrieved 3 September 2020.
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Bibliography
  • Akar, Rıdvan; Tunç, Sevecen (2017). Beşiktaş Mimarları - "Baba" Hakkı (in Turkish). Turkey: İnkılâp Yayınları. ISBN 978-975-10-3843-2.
  • Çakır, Ahmet (2002). Milli Takım ve Dünya Kupası (in Turkish). Istanbul: Altın Kitaplar. ISBN 9752102662.
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  • Yüce, Mehmet (2014). Osmanlı Melekleri: Futbol Tarihimizin Kadim Devreleri Türkiye Futbol Tarihi - Birinci Cilt (in Turkish). Istanbul: İletişim Yayınları. ISBN 9789750515804.
  • Yüce, Mehmet (2015). İdmancı Ruhlar: Futbol Tarihimizin Klasik Devreleri: 1923-1952 Türkiye Futbol Tarihi - 2. Cilt (in Turkish). Istanbul: İletişim Yayınları. ISBN 9789750516955.
  • Yüce, Mehmet (2016). Romantik Yürekler: Futbol Tarihimizin Yeni Devreleri: 1952-1992 Türkiye Futbol Tarihi 3. Cilt (in Turkish). Istanbul: İletişim Yayınları. ISBN 9789750519932.
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