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The 1919 Fremantle wharf crisis, also called Bloody Sunday, the Battle of the Barricades or the Fremantle riot, was a civil disturbance that occurred on 4 May 1919, in Fremantle, Western Australia. Members of the Lumpers' Union reacted violently
Background
[edit]Fremantle had been used as Western Australia's main port since the establishment of the Swan River Colony in 1829. Originally, the entrance to the Swan River estuary, which led upstream to the capital of Perth and the town of Guildford, was blocked by a large limestone bar separating the river from the ocean, making the entrance to the river impassable for ocean-going vessels. A large jetty, dubbed the Long Jetty, was constructed extending out from Bathers Beach, allowing ships to dock. Cargo was then carried through Fremantle and loaded onto barges destined for upriver.
The construction of Fremantle Harbour, designed by the colony's engineer, C. Y. O'Connor, began in 1892, with the demolition of the limestone bar at the rivermouth.
In 1917, lumpers had refused to load flour onto ships bound for the Dutch East Indies, which they believed would eventually be used for the German war effort. The port authorities responded by hiring non-union labour, with the encouragement of both the State and Commonwealth governments.
Incidents
[edit]Colebatch
[edit]The Premier of Western Australia at the time was Hal Colebatch, who had been Minister for Health during the Boonah crisis the previous December. After weeks of stand-off between the , the Premier decided to
The crowd, which included a number of women, was armed with missiles of every description. As the launch approached the road bridge a single shot was fired, but whether it was fired by one of the men on the bridge could not be ascertained. The launch, as it passed through under the bridge, was subjected to a fusilade of stones, but none of the occupants was injured. Having passed the first bridge, the launch proceeded on its way downstream. In the meantime the crowd on the road bridge had signalled to their comrades on the railway bridge. A mixed force ran madly along the river bank keeping parallel with the launch shouting the men stationed on the other bridge no to let the "scabs" pass. As the launch approached the second bridge a fresh volley of road metal was hurled at the occupants, and the boat passed underneath the bridge spans great boulders and heavy pieces of irons were dropped on to her decks. The launch was considerably damaged, one heavy piece of iron penetrating the bridge deck. The occupants, however, escaped injury, but several had miraculous escapes
Reactions
[edit]The 17 June 1919 edition of The Print Trades Journal called the incident "Westralia's Eureka", a reference to the Eureka stockade.[2] The West Australian, edition 5 May 1919, praised the "admiral restraint of the police" and the "wisdom shown by the authorities".[3][4][5]
Strike action
[edit]In April 1919, non-union labour attempted to unload the S. S. Dimboola, a supply ship laden with medical supplies, before it had been quarantined.[6]
Riot
[edit]During the riot, Thomas Charles Edwards, a member of the Lumpers' Union, received a blow on the forehead which fatally fractured his skull. Six other lumpers were injured, and twenty-six policemen needed medical treatment. Edwards was
Aftermath
[edit]Funeral of Tom Edwards
[edit]The dead lumper, Tom Edwards, was called a martyr by the union movement, and his funeral on 10 May 1919 was attended by thousands of people.[7]
In 1920, the Australian Labour Federation published a pamphlet entitled The Fremantle Wharf Crisis of 1919.
References
[edit]Reflist
Further reading
[edit]- Reece, Robert; Pascoe, Robert (1985). A Place of Consequence: A Pictorial History of Fremantle. Fremantle, Western Australia: Fremantle Arts Centre Press. ISBN 0-909144-57-5.
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Category:Labour disputes in Australia
| 1901 WAFA season | |
|---|---|
| West Australian Football Association | |
| Clubs | Six |
| Premiers | West Perth (third title) |
| Leading goalkicker | Herbert Loel (West Perth) – 45 goals |
The 1901 WAFA season was the 17th season of the West Australian Football Association (WAFA). Two new teams were admitted into the competition for the 1901 season: the North Fremantle Football Club and the Subiaco Football Club. The season began on 4 May 1901, and concluded on 7 September 1901. West Perth won the premiership, its third overall, with East Fremantle finishing second.
Clubs
[edit]Two new clubs, North Fremantle and Subiaco, were added to the competition for the 1901 season, raising the total number of clubs to six. Both clubs had previously competed in the First Rate Junior Association, but were invited to compete in the senior association after securing grounds (Shenton Park and North Fremantle Oval respectively) for use.[8]
Season
[edit]Round 1
[edit]| Round 1 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Saturday, 4 May | East Fremantle 7.5 (46) | def. | South Fremantle 4.14 (38) | Fremantle Oval (crowd: "large and enthusiastic") | Report |
| Saturday, 4 May | North Fremantle 8.9 (57) | def. | Subiaco 1.6 (12) | North Fremantle Oval (crowd: "fair") | Report |
| Saturday, 4 May | Perth 4.12 (36) | def. | West Perth 3.7 (25) | The Esplanade (crowd: "large") | Report |
| |||||
Round 2
[edit]| Round 2 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Saturday, 11 May | Perth 8.7 (55) | def. | South Fremantle 0.5 (5) | Association Ground (crowd: "satisfactory") | Report |
| Saturday, 11 May | Subiaco 3.3 (21) | def. by | West Perth 12.12 (84) | North Fremantle Oval (crowd: "meagre") | Report |
| Saturday, 11 May | East Fremantle 6.4 (40) | def. | North Fremantle 4.11 (35) | Fremantle Park (crowd: "very large") | Report |
| |||||
Round 3
[edit]| Round 3 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Saturday, 18 May | Perth 5.16 (46) | def. | South Fremantle 1.4 (10) | Association Ground (crowd: "considerable") | Report |
| Saturday, 18 May | North Fremantle 2.3 (15) | def. by | West Perth 7.14 (56) | North Fremantle Oval (crowd: "fair") | Report |
| Saturday, 18 May | South Fremantle 4.4 (28) | def. by | Subiaco 4.7 (31) | Fremantle Oval | Report |
| |||||
Round 4
[edit]| Round 4 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Saturday, 25 May | Subiaco 4.8 (32) | def. | East Fremantle 2.8 (20) | Shenton Park | Report |
| Saturday, 25 May | West Perth 5.10 (40) | def. | South Fremantle 4.14 (38) | Association Ground (crowd: "large") | Report |
| Saturday, 25 May | North Fremantle 3.8 (26) | def. by | Perth 6.8 (44) | North Fremantle Oval (crowd: "large") | Report |
| |||||
Round 5
[edit]| Round 5 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Saturday, 25 May | Subiaco 5.13 (43) | def. by | Perth 8.8 (56) | Shenton Park | Report |
| Saturday, 25 May | East Fremantle 6.12 (48) | def. by | West Perth 9.8 (62) | Fremantle Oval (crowd: "very fair") | Report |
| Saturday, 25 May | North Fremantle 2.9 (21) | def. by | South Fremantle 7.13 (55) | North Fremantle Oval (crowd: "fair") | Report |
| |||||
Round 15
[edit]| Round 15 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Saturday, 24 August | West Perth 13.16 (94) | def. | Subiaco 9.8 (62) | Fremantle Oval (crowd: "very large") | Report |
| Saturday, 24 August | Perth | def. by | Subiaco (forfeit) | Association Ground | |
| Saturday, 7 September (postponed) | North Fremantle 8.8 (56) | def. | South Fremantle 3.7 (25) | North Fremantle Oval | Report |
| |||||
Ladder
[edit]
| Pos | Team | Pld | W | L | D | PF | PA | PP | Pts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | West Perth (P) | 15 | 12 | 3 | 0 | 940 | 479 | 196.2 | 48 |
| 2 | East Fremantle | 15 | 10 | 5 | 0 | 693 | 530 | 130.8 | 40 |
| 3 | South Fremantle | 15 | 7 | 8 | 0 | 629 | 644 | 97.7 | 28 |
| 4 | Perth | 14 | 6 | 8 | 0 | 465 | 514 | 90.5 | 24 |
| 5 | North Fremantle | 14 | 5 | 9 | 0 | 487 | 671 | 72.6 | 20 |
| 6 | Subiaco | 15 | 4 | 11 | 0 | 400 | 776 | 51.5 | 16 |
Rules for classification: 1) points; 2) percentage; 3) number of points for.
(P) Premiers
References
[edit]- ^ Dena Garratt. "Fremantle Long Jetty". WA Museum. Retrieved 2008-12-29.
- ^ An incident at Fremantle – JSTOR: Labour history. Retrieved 2 October 2011.
- ^ "THE WHARF RIOT. – The West Australian. Published Monday 5 May 1919. Retrieved from Trove, 2 October 2011.
- ^ "LET US THINK." – The West Australian. Retrieved from Trove, 2 October 2011.
- ^ "RIOT AT FREMANTLE" – Marlborough Express. Published 23 Haratua 1919. Retrieved from Papers Past, 2 October 2011.
- ^ Dimboola incident – policewahistory.org.au. Retrieved 2 October 2011.
- ^ Funeral cortege of Thomas Edwards, Fremantle Trades Hall, 1919 – john.curtin.edu.au. Retrieved 2 October 2011.
- ^ NORTH FREMANTLE CLUB. – The West Australian. Published 15 March 1901. Retrieved from Trove, 17 November 2011.
- ^ EASY VICTORY FOR NORTH FREMANTLE. – The West Australian. Published 6 May 1901. Retrieved from Trove, 17 November 2011.
- ^ a b A DISGRACEFUL FINISH. – The West Australian. Published 20 May 1901. Retrieved from Trove, 17 November 2011.
- ^ [SUBIACO V. EAST FREMANTLE – The West Australian. Published 27 May 1901. Retrieved from Trove, 16 April 2012.
- ^ [SUBIACO V. EAST FREMANTLE – The West Australian. Published 27 May 1901. Retrieved from Trove, 16 April 2012.
- ^ a b SOUTH FREMANTLE V. NORTH FREMANTLE. – The West Australian. Published 26 August 1901. Retrieved from Trove, 17 November 2011.
Category:West Australian Football League seasons WAFL