User:HuangdiOfSongChina/sandbox4
Emperors
[edit]Below is a complete list of emperors of the Han dynasty, including their personal, posthumous, and era names. Excluded from the list are de facto rulers such as regents and empress dowagers.
Han dynasty sovereigns | |||||||||
Picture | Name by which most commonly known | Personal name | Reign | Posthumous name | Era name | Range of years[note 1] | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Western Han dynasty (202 BC–8 AD) | |||||||||
Emperor Gao of Han | Liu Bang | 劉邦 | 202–195 BC[1][2] | Gaodi | 高帝 | [3] | |||
Emperor Hui of Han | Liu Ying | 劉盈 | 195–188 BC[4] | Huidi | 惠帝 | Did not exist[5] | |||
Emperor Qianshao | Liu Gong | 劉恭 | 188–184 BC[6] | Shaodi (Shaodi Gong) | 少帝 | Did not exist[7] | |||
Emperor Houshao of Han | Liu Hong | 劉弘 | 184–180 BC[6] | Shaodi (Shaodi Hong) | 少帝 | Did not exist[8] | |||
Emperor Wen of Han | Liu Heng | 劉恆 | 180–157 BC[9] | Wendi | 文帝 | Qíanyuán | 前元 | 179–164 BC[10] | |
Hòuyuán | 後元 | 163–156 BC[11] | |||||||
Emperor Jing of Han | Liu Qi | 劉啟 | 157–141 BC[9] | Jingdi | 景帝 | Qíanyuán | 前元 | 156–150 BC[12] | |
Zhōngyuán | 中元 | 149–143 BC[13] | |||||||
Hòuyuán | 後元 | 143–141 BC[14] | |||||||
Emperor Wu of Han | Liu Che | 劉徹 | 141–87 BC[15] | Wudi | 武帝 | Jiànyuán | 建元 | 141–135 BC[16] | |
Yuánguāng | 元光 | 134–129 BC[17] | |||||||
Yuánshuò | 元朔 | 128–123 BC[18] | |||||||
Yuánshòu | 元狩 | 122–117 BC[19] | |||||||
Yuándǐng | 元鼎 | 116–111 BC[20] | |||||||
Yuánfēng | 元封 | 110–105 BC[21] | |||||||
Tàichū | 太初 | 104–101 BC[22] | |||||||
Tiānhàn | 天漢 | 100–97 BC[23] | |||||||
Tàishǐ | 太始 | 96–93 BC[24] | |||||||
Zhēnghé | 征和 | 92–89 BC[25] | |||||||
Hòuyuán | 後元 | 88–87 BC[26] | |||||||
Emperor Zhao of Han | Liu Fuling | 劉弗陵 | 87–74 BC[27] | Zhaodi | 昭帝 | Shǐyuán | 始元 | 86–80 BC[28] | |
Yuánfèng | 元鳳 | 80–75 BC[29] | |||||||
Yuánpíng | 元平 | 74 BC[30] | |||||||
Marquis of Haihun | Liu He | 劉賀 | 74 BC[6] | The Prince of Changyi | 昌邑王 or 海昏侯 | Yuánpíng | 元平 | 74 BC[30] | |
Emperor Xuan of Han | Liu Bingyi | 劉病已 | 74–49 BC[27] | Xuandi | 宣帝 | Běnshǐ | 本始 | 73–70 BC[31] | |
Dìjié | 地節 | 69–66 BC[32] | |||||||
Yuánkāng | 元康 | 65–61 BC[33] | |||||||
Shénjué | 神爵 | 61–58 BC[34] | |||||||
Wǔfèng | 五鳳 | 57–54 BC[35] | |||||||
Gānlù | 甘露 | 53–50 BC[36] | |||||||
Huánglóng | 黃龍 | 49 BC[37] | |||||||
Emperor Yuan of Han | Liu Shi | 劉奭 | 49–33 BC[38] | Yuandi | 元帝 | Chūyuán | 初元 | 48–44 BC[39] | |
Yǒngguāng | 永光 | 43–39 BC[40] | |||||||
Jiànzhāo | 建昭 | 38–34 BC[41] | |||||||
Jìngníng | 竟寧 | 33 BC[42] | |||||||
Emperor Cheng of Han | Liu Ao | 劉驁 | 33–7 BC[38] | Chengdi | 成帝 | Jiànshǐ | 建始 | 32–28 BC[43] | |
Hépíng | 河平 | 28–25 BC[44] | |||||||
Yángshuò | 陽朔 | 24–21 BC[45] | |||||||
Hóngjiā | 鴻嘉 | 20–17 BC[46] | |||||||
Yǒngshǐ | 永始 | 16–13 BC[47] | |||||||
Yuányán | 元延 | 12–9 BC[48] | |||||||
Suīhé | 綏和 | 8–7 BC[48] | |||||||
Emperor Ai of Han | Liu Xin | 劉欣 | 7–1 BC[38] | Aidi | 哀帝 | Jiànpíng | 建平 | 6–3 BC[49] | |
Yuánshòu | 元壽 | 2–1 BC[49] | |||||||
Emperor Ping of Han | Liu Kan | 劉衎 | 1–6 AD[38] | Pingdi | 平帝 | Yuánshǐ | 元始 | 1–5 AD[50] | |
Ruzi Ying | Liu Ying | 劉嬰 | 6–9 AD[38] | Ruzi1 | 孺子 | Jùshè | 居攝 | 6–8 AD[51] | |
Chūshǐ | 初始 | 8 AD | |||||||
Xin dynasty (9–23 AD) | |||||||||
Wang Mang | Xin dynasty of Wang Mang (王莽) | 9–23 AD[52] | Shǐjiànguó | 始建國 | 9–13 AD[53] | ||||
Tiānfēng | 天鳳 | 14–19 AD[54] | |||||||
Dìhuáng | 地皇 | 20–23 AD[55] | |||||||
Continuation of Han dynasty | |||||||||
Gengshi Emperor | Liu Xuan | 劉玄 | 23–25 AD[56] | Gengshi-di | 更始帝 | Gēngshǐ | 更始 | 23–25 AD[57] | |
Eastern Han dynasty (25–220 AD) | |||||||||
Emperor Guangwu of Han | Liu Xiu | 劉秀 | 25–57 AD[58] | Guangwu-di | 光武帝 | Jiànwǔ | 建武 | 25–56 AD[59] | |
Jiànwǔzhōngyuán | 建武中元 | 56–57 AD[60] | |||||||
Emperor Ming of Han | Liu Zhuang | 劉庄 | 57–75 AD[61] | Mingdi | 明帝 | Yǒngpíng | 永平 | 57–75 AD[62] | |
Emperor Zhang of Han | Liu Da | 劉炟 | 75–88 AD[63] | Zhangdi | 章帝 | Jiànchū | 建初 | 76–84 AD[64] | |
Yuánhé | 元和 | 84–87 AD[65] | |||||||
Zhānghé | 章和 | 87–88 AD[66] | |||||||
Emperor He of Han | Liu Zhao | 劉肇 | 88–106 AD[67] | Hedi | 和帝 | Yǒngyuán | 永元 | 89–105 AD[68] | |
Yuánxīng | 元興 | 105 AD[69] | |||||||
Emperor Shang of Han | Liu Long | 劉隆 | 106 AD[70] | Shangdi | 殤帝 | Yánpíng | 延平 | 9 months in 106 AD[71] | |
Emperor An of Han | Liu Hu | 劉祜 | 106–125 AD[72] | Andi | 安帝 | Yǒngchū | 永初 | 107–113 AD[73] | |
Yuánchū | 元初 | 114–120 AD[74] | |||||||
Yǒngníng | 永寧 | 120–121 AD[75] | |||||||
Jiànguāng | 建光 | 121–122 AD[75] | |||||||
Yánguāng | 延光 | 122–125 AD[76] | |||||||
Marquess of Beixiang | Liu Yi | 劉懿 | 125 AD[77] | Shaodi, the Marquess of Beixiang | 少帝 or 北鄉侯 | Yánguāng | 延光 | 125 AD[76] | |
Emperor Shun of Han | Liu Bao | 劉保 | 125–144 AD[78] | Shundi | 順帝 | Yǒngjiàn | 永建 | 126–132 AD[79] | |
Yángjiā | 陽嘉 | 132–135 AD[80] | |||||||
Yǒnghé | 永和 | 136–141 AD[81] | |||||||
Hàn'ān | 漢安 | 142–144 AD[82] | |||||||
Jiànkāng | 建康 | 144 AD[82] | |||||||
Emperor Chong of Han | Liu Bing | 劉炳 | 144–145 AD[83] | Chongdi | 沖帝 | Yōngxī | 永熹 | 145 AD[84] | |
Emperor Zhi of Han | Liu Zuan | 劉纘 | 145–146 AD[83] | Zhidi | 質帝 | Běnchū | 本初 | 146 AD[84] | |
Emperor Huan of Han | Liu Zhi | 劉志 | 146–168 AD[85] | Huandi | 桓帝 | Jiànhé | 建和 | 147–149 AD[86] | |
Hépíng | 和平 | 150 AD[87] | |||||||
Yuánjiā | 元嘉 | 151–153 AD[87] | |||||||
Yǒngxīng | 永興 | 153–154 AD[87] | |||||||
Yǒngshòu | 永壽 | 155–158 AD[88] | |||||||
Yánxī | 延熹 | 158–167 AD[89] | |||||||
Yǒngkāng | 永康 | 167 AD[90] | |||||||
Emperor Ling of Han | Liu Hong | 劉宏 | 168–189 AD[91] | Lingdi | 靈帝 | Jiànníng | 建寧 | 168–172 AD[92] | |
Xīpíng | 熹平 | 172–178 AD[93] | |||||||
Guānghé | 光和 | 178–184 AD[94] | |||||||
Zhōngpíng | 中平 | 184–189 AD[95] | |||||||
Liu Bian | Liu Bian | 劉辯 | 189 AD[77] | Shaodi, the Prince of Hongnong | 少帝 or 弘農王 | Guāngxī | 光熹 | 189 AD[96] | |
Zhàoníng | 昭寧 | 189 AD[96] | |||||||
Emperor Xian of Han | Liu Xie | 劉協 | 189–220 AD[97] | Xiandi | 獻帝 | Yǒnghàn | 永漢 | 189 AD[96] | |
Chūpíng | 初平 | 190–193 AD[98] | |||||||
Xīngpíng | 興平 | 194–195 AD[99] | |||||||
Jiàn'ān | 建安 | 196–220 AD[100] | |||||||
Yánkāng | 延康 | 220 AD[101] | |||||||
1 — Ruzi was prince, rather than emperor of Han. Officially, the throne of emperor of Han was vacant during 6AD to 9AD. |
Temple Name Key
[edit]Temple Names that you can use, FOR FREE! 祖 not used due to having to same purpose but it replaces the ancestor part.
A
[edit]Āizōng = 哀宗, Lamentable Ancestor of the (insert dynasty name here)
Ānzōng = 安宗, Secure Ancestor of the (insert dynasty name here)
B
[edit]C
[edit]Chéngzōng, 成宗 = Accomplished Ancestor of the (insert dynasty name here)
Chóngzōng, 崇宗 = Honorable Ancestor of the (insert dynasty name here)
D
[edit]Dàizōng = 代宗, Generational Ancestor of the (insert dynasty name here)
Dàozōng = 道宗, Thinking Ancestor of the (insert dynasty name here)
Dézōng = 德宗, Moral Ancestor of the (insert dynasty name here)
Dìngzōng = 定宗, Set Ancestor of the (insert dynasty name here)
Dùzōng = 度宗, Measured Ancestor of the (insert dynasty name here)
Duānzōng = 端宗, Final Ancestor of the (insert dynasty name here)
E
[edit]F
[edit]G
[edit]Gāozōng = 高宗, High Ancestor of the (insert dynasty name here)
Gōngzōng = 恭帝, Respectful Ancestor of the (insert dynasty name here)
Guāngzōng = 光宗, Bright Ancestor of the (insert dynasty name here)
H
[edit]Huáizōng = 懷宗, Missed Ancestor of the (insert dynasty name here)
Huánzōng = 桓宗, Diligent Ancestor of the (insert dynasty name here)
Huīzōng = 徽宗, Beautiful Ancestor of the (insert dynasty name here)
Huìzōng = 惠宗, Beneficial Ancestor of the (insert dynasty name here)
I
[edit]J
[edit]Jìnzōng = 晉宗, Advanced Ancestor of the (insert dynasty name here)
Jìngzōng = 敬宗, Venerate Ancestor of the (insert dynasty name here)
Jǐngzōng = 景宗, Viewable Ancestor of the (insert dynasty name here)
K
[edit]Kāngzōng = 康宗, Peaceful Ancestor of the (insert dynasty name here)
L
[edit]Lǐzōng = 禮宗, Ceremonial Ancestor of the (insert dynasty name here)
Lǐzōng = 理宗, Reasonable Ancestor of the (insert dynasty name here)
Lièzōng = 烈宗, Strong Ancestor of the (insert dynasty name here)
M
[edit]Mǐnzōng = 閔宗, Compassionate Ancestor of the (insert dynasty name here)
Míngzōng = 明宗, Bright Ancestor of the (insert dynasty name here)
Mùzōng = 穆宗, Solemn Ancestor of the (insert dynasty name here)
N
[edit]Níngzōng = 寧宗, Peaceful Ancestor of the (insert dynasty name here)
O
[edit]P
[edit]Q
[edit]Qīnzōng = 欽宗, Venerate Ancestor of the (insert dynasty name here)
R
[edit]Rénzōng = 仁宗, Benevolent Ancestor of the (insert dynasty name here)
Ruìzōng = 睿宗, Farsighted Ancestor of the (insert dynasty name here)
S
[edit]Shàozōng = 紹宗, Introduced Ancestor of the (insert dynasty name here)
Shénzōng = 神宗, Spiritual Ancestor of the (insert dynasty name here)
Shèngzōng = 聖宗, Sacred Ancestor of the (insert dynasty name here)
Shǐzōng = 始宗, Beginning Ancestor of the (insert dynasty name here)
Shìzōng = 世宗, World Ancestor of the (insert dynasty name here)
Shùnzōng = 順宗, Favorable Ancestor of the (insert dynasty name here)
Sīzōng = 思宗, Considerable Ancestor of the (insert dynasty name here)
Sùzōng = 肅宗, Respectful Ancestor of the (insert dynasty name here)
T
[edit]Tàizōng = 太宗, Great Ancestor of the (insert dynasty name here)
U
[edit]V
[edit]W
[edit]Wēizōng = 威宗, Prestige Ancestor of the (insert dynasty name here)
Wénzōng = 文宗, Cultured Ancestor of the (insert dynasty name here)
Wǔzōng = 武宗, Martial Ancestor of the (insert dynasty name here)
X
[edit]Xiànzōng = 憲宗, Constitutional Ancestor of the (insert dynasty name here)
Xiànzōng = 獻宗, Offerable Ancestor of the (insert dynasty name here)
Xiǎnzōng = 顯宗, Show Ancestor of the (insert dynasty name here)
Xiāngzōng = 襄宗, Assistive Ancestor of the (insert dynasty name here)
Xiàozōng = 孝宗, Filial Ancestor of the (insert dynasty name here)
Xìngzōng, 興宗, Interested Ancestor of the (insert dynasty name here)
Xīzōng = 僖宗, Precautious Ancestor of the (insert dynasty name here)
Xīzōng = 熙宗, Prosperous Ancestor of the (insert dynasty name here)
Xīzōng = 熹宗, Warm Ancestor of the (insert dynasty name here)
Xuānzōng = 宣宗, Declared Ancestor of the (insert dynasty name here)
Xuánzōng = 玄宗, Mysterious Ancestor of the (insert dynasty name here)
Y
[edit]Yìzōng = 益宗, Beneficial Ancestor of the (insert dynasty name here)
Yìzōng = 毅宗, Preservance Ancestor of the (insert dynasty name here)
Yìzōng = 義宗, Righteous Ancestor of the (insert dynasty name here)
Yìzōng = 懿宗, Virtuous Ancestor of the (insert dynasty name here)
Yìzōng = 翼宗, Winged Ancestor of the (insert dynasty name here)
Yīngzōng = 英宗, Heroic Ancestor of the (insert dynasty name here)
Yùzōng = 裕宗, Abundant Ancestor of the (insert dynasty name here)
Yuánzōng = 元宗, Primary Ancestor of the (insert dynasty name here)
Z
[edit]Zhāngzōng = 章宗, Order Ancestor of the (insert dynasty name here)
Zhāozōng = 昭宗, Manifested Ancestor of the (insert dynasty name here)
Zhēnzōng = 真宗, True Ancestor of the (insert dynasty name here)
Zhézōng = 哲宗, Wise Ancestor of the (insert dynasty name here)
Zhōngzōng = 中宗, Middle Ancestor of the (insert dynasty name here)
Zhuāngzōng = 莊宗, Solemn Ancestor of the (insert dynasty name here)
Ancestors
[edit]Ancestors of HuangdiOfSongChina/sandbox4 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Cite error: There are <ref group=note>
tags on this page, but the references will not show without a {{reflist|group=note}}
template (see the help page).
- ^ Latin spelling, Chinese characters, and date range come from Paludan (1998), 28 and Loewe (2000), 253–258.
- ^ Hinsch,Bret. Passions of The Cut Sleeve: The Male Homosexual Tradition in China. edited by Sheila Levine, U of California P,1992, EBSCOhost, search.ebscohost.com.fetch.mhsl.uab.edu/login.aspx?direct=true&db=nlebk&AN=10029&site=ehost-live&ebv=EB&ppid=pp_35. pp. 35-36. According to Hinsch's sources, and contrary to what Paludan writes (1998), Gaozu's reign did not begin until 206, the date that marks the beginning of the Western Han Dynasty. See Hinsch's bibliography and notes for further information on historical dates.
- ^ Bo Yang (1977), 433–440.
- ^ Latin spelling, Chinese characters, and date range come from Paludan (1998), 28, 31.
- ^ Bo Yang (1977), 441–442.
- ^ a b c Latin spelling, Chinese characters, and date range come from Twitchett and Loewe (1986), xxxix.
- ^ Bo Yang (1977), 442–443.
- ^ Bo Yang (1977), 443.
- ^ a b Latin spelling, Chinese characters, and date range come from Paludan (1998), 28, 33.
- ^ Bo Yang (1977), 444–446.
- ^ Bo Yang (1977), 446–447.
- ^ Bo Yang (1977), 447–448.
- ^ Bo Yang (1977), 449–452.
- ^ Bo Yang (1977), 452.
- ^ Latin spelling, Chinese characters, and date range come from Paludan (1998), 28, 36 and Loewe (2000), 273–280.
- ^ Bo Yang (1977), 452–453.
- ^ Bo Yang (1977), 454–455.
- ^ Bo Yang (1977), 456–457.
- ^ Bo Yang (1977), 457–459.
- ^ Bo Yang (1977), 459–460.
- ^ Bo Yang (1977), 460–462.
- ^ Bo Yang (1977), 463–464.
- ^ Bo Yang (1977), 467–468.
- ^ Bo Yang (1977), 468.
- ^ Bo Yang (1977), 468–470.
- ^ Bo Yang (1977), 470–471.
- ^ a b Latin spelling, Chinese characters, and date range come from Paludan (1998), 40.
- ^ Bo Yang (1977), 471–472.
- ^ Bo Yang (1977), 472–473.
- ^ a b Bo Yang (1977), 473.
- ^ Bo Yang (1977), 473–475.
- ^ Bo Yang (1977), 475.
- ^ Bo Yang (1977), 476.
- ^ Bo Yang (1977), 477.
- ^ Bo Yang (1977), 478–479.
- ^ Bo Yang (1977), 479–480.
- ^ Bo Yang (1977), 480.
- ^ a b c d e Latin spelling, Chinese characters, and date range from Paludan (1998), 40, 42.
- ^ Bo Yang (1977), 481–482.
- ^ Bo Yang (1977), 482–483.
- ^ Bo Yang (1977), 483–484.
- ^ Bo Yang (1977), 484.
- ^ Bo Yang (1977), 485–486.
- ^ Bo Yang (1977), 486–487.
- ^ Bo Yang (1977), 487.
- ^ Bo Yang (1977), 487–488.
- ^ Bo Yang (1977), 488–489.
- ^ a b Bo Yang (1977), 489.
- ^ a b Bo Yang (1977), 490.
- ^ Bo Yang (1977), 495. While traditional sources do not give a exact date when the Yuanshi era was announced, it was implied that the first year of Yuanshi did not start until the first month of the lunar calendar — ergo, in 1 AD. See, e.g., Ban Gu, Book of Han, vol. 12.
- ^ Bo Yang (1977), 495–496.
- ^ Latin spelling, Chinese characters, and date range from Paludan (1998), 42–43.
- ^ Bo Yang (1977), 496–497.
- ^ Bo Yang (1977), 498–499.
- ^ Bo Yang (1977), 499–500.
- ^ Latin spelling, Chinese characters, and date range from de Crespigny (2007), 558–560.
- ^ Bo Yang (1977) 500–501.
- ^ Latin spelling, Chinese characters, and date range from Paludan (1998), 44 and de Crespigny (2007), 557–566.
- ^ Bo Yang (1977), 501–509.
- ^ Bo Yang (1977), 509.
- ^ Latin spelling, Chinese characters, and date range from Paludan (1998), 44, 49 and de Crespigny (2007), 604–609.
- ^ Bo Yang (1977), 509–513.
- ^ Latin spelling, Chinese characters, and date range from Paludan (1998), 44, 49 and de Crespigny (2007), 495–500.
- ^ Bo Yang (1977), 514–515.
- ^ Bo Yang (1977), 515–516.
- ^ Bo Yang (1977), 516.
- ^ Latin spelling, Chinese characters, and date range from Paludan (1998), 50 and de Crespigny (2007), 588–592.
- ^ Bo Yang (1977), 517–523.
- ^ Bo Yang (1977), 523.
- ^ Latin spelling, Chinese characters, and date range from Paludan (1998), 50 and de Crespigny (2007), 531.
- ^ Bo Yang (1977), 524.
- ^ Latin spelling, Chinese characters, and date range from Paludan (1998), 50 and de Crespigny (2007), 580–583.
- ^ Bo Yang (1977), 524–526.
- ^ Bo Yang (1977), 526–527.
- ^ a b Bo Yang (1977), 528.
- ^ a b Bo Yang (1977), 529.
- ^ a b Latin spelling, Chinese characters, and date range from Twitchett and Loewe (1986), xl.
- ^ Latin spelling, Chinese characters, and date range from Paludan (1998), 50–51 and de Crespigny (2007), 473–478.
- ^ Bo Yang (1977), 530–531.
- ^ Bo Yang (1977), 532.
- ^ Bo Yang (1977), 532–534.
- ^ a b Bo Yang (1977), 534.
- ^ a b Latin spelling, Chinese characters, and date range from Paludan (1998), 50–51.
- ^ a b Bo Yang (1977), 535.
- ^ Latin spelling, Chinese characters, and date range from Paludan (1998), 50–51 and de Crespigny (2007), 595–603
- ^ Bo Yang (1977), 535–536.
- ^ a b c Bo Yang (1977), 536.
- ^ Bo Yang (1977), 536–537.
- ^ Bo Yang (1977), 537–540.
- ^ Bo Yang (1977), 541.
- ^ Latin spelling, Chinese characters, and date range from Paludan (1998), 50, 52 and de Crespigny (2007), 511–517.
- ^ Bo Yang (1977), 541–542.
- ^ Bo Yang (1977), 542–543.
- ^ Bo Yang (1977), 543–545.
- ^ Bo Yang (1977), 545–547.
- ^ a b c Bo Yang (1977), 547.
- ^ Latin spelling, Chinese characters, and date range from Paludan (1998), 50, 55.
- ^ Bo Yang (1977), 547–550.
- ^ Bo Yang (1977), 551.
- ^ Bo Yang (1977), 552–564.
- ^ Bo Yang (1977), 564.